I am using python to process pcap files and input the processed values to a text file. The text file has around 8000 rows and some times, the text file has string such as 7.70.582 . In my further processing of the text file i am splitting the file into lines and extracting each of the float values in every line. Then I get this error
ValueError: invalid literal for float(): 7.70.582
In such cases I am interested only in 7.70 and I need to avoid everything after the second decimal including it. Is there any trick to extract only the string till the first character after the first decimal point?
I was searching for an answer for this and it seems there has been no such situation asked before.
Or is there a method where I can skip those lines where this kind of errors are happening?
I'm not a huge fan of this approach, but the simplest might be something like:
strs = [
"7",
"7.70",
"7.70.582",
"7.70.582.123"
]
def parse(s):
s += ".."
return float(s[:s.index(".", s.index(".")+1)])
for s in strs:
print(s, parse(s))
It's a more legible approach might be to use something like:
def parse(s):
if s.count('.') <= 1: return float(s)
return float(s[:s.index(".", s.index(".")+1)])
Or, based off Ajax1234's answer:
def parse(s):
return float('.'.join(s.split('.')[:2]))
All versions output:
7 7.0
7.70 7.7
7.70.582 7.7
7.70.582.123 7.7
You can use a regular expression, like this one:
https://pythex.org/?regex=%5E(%5B0-9%5D%2B%5C.%5B0-9%5D%2B).*&test_string=7.70.582&ignorecase=0&multiline=0&dotall=0&verbose=0
If your line is like '7.70.582' this regex will extract the 7.70 into the first group:
^([0-9]+.[0-9]+).*
https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html
import re
line = "7654 16.317 8.651 7.70.582 17.487"
val = line.split(" ")[3]
m = re.search('^([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*', val)
m.group(1)
'7.70'
float(m.group(1))
7.70
You can use str.split() and '.'.join:
s = "7654 16.317 8.651 7.70.582 17.487"
final_data = map(float, ['.'.join(i.split('.')[:-1]) if len(i.split('.')) > 2 else i for i in s.split()])
Output:
[7654.0, 16.317, 8.651, 7.7, 17.487]
Regarding the single string:
s = ["7.70.582"]
final_data = map(float, ['.'.join(i.split('.')[:-1]) if len(i.split('.')) > 2 else i for i in s])
Output:
[7.7]
Related
I'm not sure how to formulate this question, but I'm looking for a magic function that makes this code
for x in magicfunc("H̶e̕l̛l͠o͟ ̨w̡o̷r̀l҉ḑ!͜"):
print(x)
Behave like this:
H̶
e̕
l̛
l͠
o͟
̨
w̡
o̷
r̀
l҉
ḑ
!͜
Basically, is there a built in unicode function or method that takes a string and outputs an array per glyph with all their respective unicode decorators and diacritical marks and such? The same way that a text editor moves the cursor over to the next letter instead of iterating all of the combining characters.
If not, I'll write the function myself, no help needed. Just wondering if it already exists.
You can use unicodedata.combining to find out if a character is combining:
def combine(s: str) -> Iterable[str]:
buf = None
for x in s:
if unicodedata.combining(x) != 0:
# combining character
buf += x
else:
if buf is not None:
yield buf
buf = x
if buf is not None:
yield buf
Result:
>>> for x in combine("H̶e̕l̛l͠o͟ ̨w̡o̷r̀l҉ḑ!͜"):
... print(x)
...
H̶
e̕
l̛
l͠
o͟
̨
w̡
o̷
r̀
l
ḑ
!͜
Issue is that COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN is not recognized as combining, not sure why. You could also test if COMBINING is in the unicodedata.name(x) for the character, that should solve it.
The 3rd party regex module can search by glyph:
>>> import regex
>>> s="H̶e̕l̛l͠o͟ ̨w̡o̷r̀l҉ḑ!͜"
>>> for x in regex.findall(r'\X',s):
... print(x)
...
H̶
e̕
l̛
l͠
o͟
̨
w̡
o̷
r̀
l҉
ḑ
!͜
I'm a python learner. If I have a lines of text in a file that looks like this
"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"
Can I split the lines around the inverted commas? The only constant would be their position in the file relative to the data lines themselves. The data lines could range from 10 to 100+ characters (they'll be nested network folders). I cannot see how I can use any other way to do those markers to split on, but my lack of python knowledge is making this difficult.
I've tried
optfile=line.split("")
and other variations but keep getting valueerror: empty seperator. I can see why it's saying that, I just don't know how to change it. Any help is, as always very appreciated.
Many thanks
You must escape the ":
input.split("\"")
results in
['\n',
'Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT',
' ',
'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT',
'\n']
To drop the resulting empty lines:
[line for line in [line.strip() for line in input.split("\"")] if line]
results in
['Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
I'll just add that if you were dealing with lines that look like they could be command line parameters, then you could possibly take advantage of the shlex module:
import shlex
with open('somefile') as fin:
for line in fin:
print shlex.split(line)
Would give:
['Y:\\DATA\\00001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\\00002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
No regex, no split, just use csv.reader
import csv
sample_line = '10.0.0.1 foo "24/Sep/2015:01:08:16 +0800" www.google.com "GET /" -'
def main():
for l in csv.reader([sample_line], delimiter=' ', quotechar='"'):
print l
The output is
['10.0.0.1', 'foo', '24/Sep/2015:01:08:16 +0800', 'www.google.com', 'GET /', '-']
shlex module can help you.
import shlex
my_string = '"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
shlex.split(my_string)
This will spit
['Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
Reference: https://docs.python.org/2/library/shlex.html
Finding all regular expression matches will do it:
input=r'"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
re.findall('".+?"', # or '"[^"]+"', input)
This will return the list of file names:
["Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT", "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"]
To get the file name without quotes use:
[f[1:-1] for f in re.findall('".+?"', input)]
or use re.finditer:
[f.group(1) for f in re.finditer('"(.+?)"', input)]
The following code splits the line at each occurrence of the inverted comma character (") and removes empty strings and those consisting only of whitespace.
[s for s in line.split('"') if s.strip() != '']
There is no need to use regular expressions, an escape character, some module or assume a certain number of whitespace characters between the paths.
Test:
line = r'"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
output = [s for s in line.split('"') if s.strip() != '']
print(output)
>>> ['Y:\\DATA\\00001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\\00002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
I think what you want is to extract the filepaths, which are separated by spaces. That is you want to split the line about items contained within quotations. I.e with a line
"FILE PATH" "FILE PATH 2"
You want
["FILE PATH","FILE PATH 2"]
In which case:
import re
with open('file.txt') as f:
for line in f:
print(re.split(r'(?<=")\s(?=")',line))
With file.txt:
"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA MINER.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"
Outputs:
>>>
['"Y:\\DATA\\00001\\SERVER\\DATA MINER.TXT"', '"V:\\DATA2\\00002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT"']
This was my solution. It parses most sane input exactly the same as if it was passed into the command line directly.
import re
def simpleParse(input_):
def reduce_(quotes):
return '' if quotes.group(0) == '"' else '"'
rex = r'("[^"]*"(?:\s|$)|[^\s]+)'
return [re.sub(r'"{1,2}',reduce_,z.strip()) for z in re.findall(rex,input_)]
Use case: Collecting a bunch of single shot scripts into a utility launcher without having to redo command input much.
Edit:
Got OCD about the stupid way that the command line handles crappy quoting and wrote the below:
import re
tokens = list()
reading = False
qc = 0
lq = 0
begin = 0
for z in range(len(trial)):
char = trial[z]
if re.match(r'[^\s]', char):
if not reading:
reading = True
begin = z
if re.match(r'"', char):
begin = z
qc = 1
else:
begin = z - 1
qc = 0
lc = begin
else:
if re.match(r'"', char):
qc = qc + 1
lq = z
elif reading and qc % 2 == 0:
reading = False
if lq == z - 1:
tokens.append(trial[begin + 1: z - 1])
else:
tokens.append(trial[begin + 1: z])
if reading:
tokens.append(trial[begin + 1: len(trial) ])
tokens = [re.sub(r'"{1,2}',lambda y:'' if y.group(0) == '"' else '"', z) for z in tokens]
I know this got answered a million year ago, but this works too:
input = '"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
input = input.replace('" "','"').split('"')[1:-1]
Should output it as a list containing:
['Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
My question Python - Error Caused by Space in argv Arument was marked as a duplicate of this one. We have a number of Python books doing back to Python 2.3. The oldest referred to using a list for argv, but with no example, so I changed things to:-
repoCmd = ['Purchaser.py', 'task', repoTask, LastDataPath]
SWCore.main(repoCmd)
and in SWCore to:-
sys.argv = args
The shlex module worked but I prefer this.
I'd like to write a python script that reads a text file containing this:
FRAME
1 J=1,8 SEC=CL1 NSEG=2 ANG=0
2 J=8,15 SEC=CL2 NSEG=2 ANG=0
3 J=15,22 SEC=CL3 NSEG=2 ANG=0
And output a text file that looks like this:
1 1 8
2 8 15
3 15 22
I essentially don't need the commas or the SEC, NSEG and ANG data. Could someone help me use regex to do this?
So far I have this:
import re
r = re.compile(r"\s*(\d+)\s+J=(\S+)\s+SEC=(\S+)\s+NSEG=(\S+)+ANG=(\S+)\s")
with open('RawDataFile_445.txt') as a:
# open all 4 files with a meaningful name
file=[open(outputfile.txt","w")
for line in a:
Without regex:
for line in file:
keep = []
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith('FRAME'):
continue
first, second, *_ = line.split()
keep.append(first)
first, second = second.split('=')
keep.extend(second.split(','))
print(' '.join(keep))
My advice? Since I don't write many regex's I avoid writing big ones all at once. Since you've already done that I would try to verify it a small chunk at a time, as illustrated in this code.
import re
r = re.compile(r"\s*(\d+)\s+J=(\S+)\s+SEC=(\S+)\s+NSEG=(\S+)+ANG=(\S+)\s")
r = re.compile(r"\s*(\d+)")
r = re.compile(r"\s*(\d+)\s+J=(\d+)")
with open('RawDataFile_445.txt') as a:
a.readline()
for line in a.readlines():
result = r.match(line)
if result:
print (result.groups())
The first regex is your entire brute of an expression. The next line is the first chunk I verified. The next line is the second, bigger chunk that worked. Notice the slight change.
At this point I would go back, make the correction to the original, whole regex and then copy a bigger chunk to try. And re-run.
Let's focus on an example string we want to parse:
1 J=1,8
We have space(s), digit(s), more space(s), some characters, then digit(s), a comma, and more digit(s). If we replace them with regex characters, we get (\d+)\s+J=(\d+),(\d+), where + means we want 1 or more of that type. Note that we surround the digits with parentheses so we can capture them later with .groups() or .group(#), where # is the nth group.
I have a folder with about 50 .txt files containing data in the following format.
=== Predictions on test data ===
inst# actual predicted error distribution (OFTd1_OF_Latency)
1 1:S 2:R + 0.125,*0.875 (73.84)
I need to write a program that combines the following: my index number (i), the letter of the true class (R or S), the letter of the predicted class, and each of the distribution predictions (the decimals less than 1.0).
I would like it to look like the following when finished, but preferably as a .csv file.
ID True Pred S R
1 S R 0.125 0.875
2 R R 0.105 0.895
3 S S 0.945 0.055
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
n S S 0.900 0.100
I'm a beginner and a bit fuzzy on how to get all of that parsed and then concatenated and appended. Here's what I was thinking, but feel free to suggest another direction if that would be easier.
for i in range(1, n):
s = str(i)
readin = open('mydata/output/output'+s+'out','r')
#The files are all named the same but with different numbers associated
output = open("mydata/summary.csv", "a")
storage = []
for line in readin:
#data extraction/concatenation here
if line.startswith('1'):
id = i
true = # split at the ':' and take the letter after it
pred = # split at the second ':' and take the letter after it
#some have error '+'s and some don't so I'm not exactly sure what to do to get the distributions
ds = # split at the ',' and take the string of 5 digits before it
if pred == 'R':
dr = #skip the character after the comma but take the have characters after
else:
#take the five characters after the comma
lineholder = id+' , '+true+' , '+pred+' , '+ds+' , '+dr
else: continue
output.write(lineholder)
I think using the indexes would be another option, but it might complicate things if the spacing is off in any of the files and I haven't checked this for sure.
Thank you for your help!
Well first of all, if you want to use CSV, you should use CSV module that comes with python. More about this module here: https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/csv.html I won't demonstrate how to use it, because it's pretty simple.
As for reading the input data, here's my suggestion how to break down every line of the data itself. I assume that lines of data in the input file have their values separated by spaces, and each value cannot contain a space:
def process_line(id_, line):
pieces = line.split() # Now we have an array of values
true = pieces[1].split(':')[1] # split at the ':' and take the letter after it
pred = pieces[2].split(':')[1] # split at the second ':' and take the letter after it
if len(pieces) == 6: # There was an error, the + is there
p4 = pieces[4]
else: # There was no '+' only spaces
p4 = pieces[3]
ds = p4.split(',')[0] # split at the ',' and take the string of 5 digits before it
if pred == 'R':
dr = p4.split(',')[0][1:] #skip the character after the comma but take the have??? characters after
else:
dr = p4.split(',')[0]
return id_+' , '+true+' , '+pred+' , '+ds+' , '+dr
What I mainly used here was split function of strings: https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#str.split and in one place this simple syntax of str[1:] to skip the first character of the string (strings are arrays after all, we can use this slicing syntax).
Keep in mind that my function won't handle any errors or lines formated differently than the one you posted as an example. If the values in every line are separated by tabs and not spaces you should replace this line: pieces = line.split() with pieces = line.split('\t').
i think u can separte floats and then combine it with the strings with the help of re module as follows:
import re
file = open('sample.txt','r')
strings=[[num for num in re.findall(r'\d+\.+\d+',i) for i in file.readlines()]]
print (strings)
file.close()
file = open('sample.txt','r')
num=[[num for num in re.findall(r'\w+\:+\w+',i) for i in file.readlines()]]
print (num)
s= num+strings
print s #[['1:S','2:R'],['0.125','0.875','73.84']] output of the code
this prog is written for one line u can use it for multiple line as well but u need to use a loop for that
contents of sample.txt:
1 1:S 2:R + 0.125,*0.875 (73.84)
2 1:S 2:R + 0.15,*0.85 (69.4)
when you run the prog the result will be:
[['1:S,'2:R'],['1:S','2:R'],['0.125','0.875','73.84'],['0.15,'0.85,'69.4']]
simply concatenate them
This uses regular expressions and the CSV module.
import re
import csv
matcher = re.compile(r'[[:blank:]]*1.*:(.).*:(.).* ([^ ]*),[^0-9]?(.*) ')
filenametemplate = 'mydata/output/output%iout'
output = csv.writer(open('mydata/summary.csv', 'w'))
for i in range(1, n):
for line in open(filenametemplate % i):
m = matcher.match(line)
if m:
output.write([i] + list(m.groups()))
I'm a python learner. If I have a lines of text in a file that looks like this
"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"
Can I split the lines around the inverted commas? The only constant would be their position in the file relative to the data lines themselves. The data lines could range from 10 to 100+ characters (they'll be nested network folders). I cannot see how I can use any other way to do those markers to split on, but my lack of python knowledge is making this difficult.
I've tried
optfile=line.split("")
and other variations but keep getting valueerror: empty seperator. I can see why it's saying that, I just don't know how to change it. Any help is, as always very appreciated.
Many thanks
You must escape the ":
input.split("\"")
results in
['\n',
'Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT',
' ',
'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT',
'\n']
To drop the resulting empty lines:
[line for line in [line.strip() for line in input.split("\"")] if line]
results in
['Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
I'll just add that if you were dealing with lines that look like they could be command line parameters, then you could possibly take advantage of the shlex module:
import shlex
with open('somefile') as fin:
for line in fin:
print shlex.split(line)
Would give:
['Y:\\DATA\\00001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\\00002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
No regex, no split, just use csv.reader
import csv
sample_line = '10.0.0.1 foo "24/Sep/2015:01:08:16 +0800" www.google.com "GET /" -'
def main():
for l in csv.reader([sample_line], delimiter=' ', quotechar='"'):
print l
The output is
['10.0.0.1', 'foo', '24/Sep/2015:01:08:16 +0800', 'www.google.com', 'GET /', '-']
shlex module can help you.
import shlex
my_string = '"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
shlex.split(my_string)
This will spit
['Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
Reference: https://docs.python.org/2/library/shlex.html
Finding all regular expression matches will do it:
input=r'"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
re.findall('".+?"', # or '"[^"]+"', input)
This will return the list of file names:
["Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT", "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"]
To get the file name without quotes use:
[f[1:-1] for f in re.findall('".+?"', input)]
or use re.finditer:
[f.group(1) for f in re.finditer('"(.+?)"', input)]
The following code splits the line at each occurrence of the inverted comma character (") and removes empty strings and those consisting only of whitespace.
[s for s in line.split('"') if s.strip() != '']
There is no need to use regular expressions, an escape character, some module or assume a certain number of whitespace characters between the paths.
Test:
line = r'"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
output = [s for s in line.split('"') if s.strip() != '']
print(output)
>>> ['Y:\\DATA\\00001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\\00002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
I think what you want is to extract the filepaths, which are separated by spaces. That is you want to split the line about items contained within quotations. I.e with a line
"FILE PATH" "FILE PATH 2"
You want
["FILE PATH","FILE PATH 2"]
In which case:
import re
with open('file.txt') as f:
for line in f:
print(re.split(r'(?<=")\s(?=")',line))
With file.txt:
"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA MINER.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"
Outputs:
>>>
['"Y:\\DATA\\00001\\SERVER\\DATA MINER.TXT"', '"V:\\DATA2\\00002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT"']
This was my solution. It parses most sane input exactly the same as if it was passed into the command line directly.
import re
def simpleParse(input_):
def reduce_(quotes):
return '' if quotes.group(0) == '"' else '"'
rex = r'("[^"]*"(?:\s|$)|[^\s]+)'
return [re.sub(r'"{1,2}',reduce_,z.strip()) for z in re.findall(rex,input_)]
Use case: Collecting a bunch of single shot scripts into a utility launcher without having to redo command input much.
Edit:
Got OCD about the stupid way that the command line handles crappy quoting and wrote the below:
import re
tokens = list()
reading = False
qc = 0
lq = 0
begin = 0
for z in range(len(trial)):
char = trial[z]
if re.match(r'[^\s]', char):
if not reading:
reading = True
begin = z
if re.match(r'"', char):
begin = z
qc = 1
else:
begin = z - 1
qc = 0
lc = begin
else:
if re.match(r'"', char):
qc = qc + 1
lq = z
elif reading and qc % 2 == 0:
reading = False
if lq == z - 1:
tokens.append(trial[begin + 1: z - 1])
else:
tokens.append(trial[begin + 1: z])
if reading:
tokens.append(trial[begin + 1: len(trial) ])
tokens = [re.sub(r'"{1,2}',lambda y:'' if y.group(0) == '"' else '"', z) for z in tokens]
I know this got answered a million year ago, but this works too:
input = '"Y:\DATA\00001\SERVER\DATA.TXT" "V:\DATA2\00002\SERVER2\DATA2.TXT"'
input = input.replace('" "','"').split('"')[1:-1]
Should output it as a list containing:
['Y:\\DATA\x0001\\SERVER\\DATA.TXT', 'V:\\DATA2\x0002\\SERVER2\\DATA2.TXT']
My question Python - Error Caused by Space in argv Arument was marked as a duplicate of this one. We have a number of Python books doing back to Python 2.3. The oldest referred to using a list for argv, but with no example, so I changed things to:-
repoCmd = ['Purchaser.py', 'task', repoTask, LastDataPath]
SWCore.main(repoCmd)
and in SWCore to:-
sys.argv = args
The shlex module worked but I prefer this.