Develop Reference

google ads api - "argument should be integer or bytes-like object, not 'str'"

I've been trying to follow the examples and documentation for the python ad_manager library for the google ads API, but I haven't been able to complete a successful request. I currently have my developer token, client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token in my google ads YAML file, but I'm constantly getting the error "argument should be integer or bytes-like object, not 'str'" when calling the function WaitForReport following the example code below. I was wondering if anyone had any advice on how I could tackle this issue.
import tempfile
# Import appropriate modules from the client library.
from googleads import ad_manager
from googleads import errors
def main(client):
# Initialize a DataDownloader.
report_downloader = client.GetDataDownloader(version='v202111')
# Create report job.
report_job = {
'reportQuery': {
'dimensions': ['COUNTRY_NAME', 'LINE_ITEM_ID', 'LINE_ITEM_NAME'],
'columns': ['UNIQUE_REACH_FREQUENCY', 'UNIQUE_REACH_IMPRESSIONS',
'UNIQUE_REACH'],
'dateRangeType': 'REACH_LIFETIME'
}
}
try:
# Run the report and wait for it to finish.
report_job_id = report_downloader.WaitForReport(report_job)
except errors.AdManagerReportError as e:
print('Failed to generate report. Error was: %s' % e)
# Change to your preferred export format.
export_format = 'CSV_DUMP'
report_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.csv.gz', delete=False)
# Download report data.
report_downloader.DownloadReportToFile(
report_job_id, export_format, report_file)
report_file.close()
# Display results.
print('Report job with id "%s" downloaded to:\n%s' % (
report_job_id, report_file.name))
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Initialize client object.
ad_manager_client = ad_manager.AdManagerClient.LoadFromStorage()
main(ad_manager_client)
Edit:
Below is the stack trace:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/googleads/common.py", line 984, in MakeSoapRequest
return soap_service_method(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zeep/proxy.py", line 46, in __call__
return self._proxy._binding.send(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zeep/wsdl/bindings/soap.py", line 135, in send
return self.process_reply(client, operation_obj, response)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zeep/wsdl/bindings/soap.py", line 229, in process_reply
return self.process_error(doc, operation)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/zeep/wsdl/bindings/soap.py", line 317, in process_error
raise Fault(
zeep.exceptions.Fault: Unknown fault occured
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "google_ads.py", line 72, in <module>
main(ad_manager_client)
File "google_ads.py", line 33, in main1
report_job_id = report_downloader.WaitForReport(report_job)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/googleads/ad_manager.py", line 784, in WaitForReport
report_job_id = service.runReportJob(report_job)['id']
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/googleads/common.py", line 989, in MakeSoapRequest
underlying_exception = e.detail.find(
TypeError: argument should be integer or bytes-like object, not 'str'

In your YAML file, do you have your account number in quotes? (either single or double?)
Additionally, I would highly recommend not going with this API if you have the option. It will be sunset in April and will no longer work. The newer google ads API (as opposed to the AdWords API) is available, stable and much easier to work with. The ad manager examples are good too.

The problem seems to be that zeep raises a WebFault which includes the returned XML response as a string in zeep.Fault.detail.
Somewhat counter-intuitive, this attribute is not a string, but a bytes sequence because zeep.wsdl.utils.etree_to_string calls etree.tostring() with encoding="utf-8" instead of encoding="unicode"—the latter would make sure it's a proper string.
googleads then tries to look for specific error strings inside the XML using find(), but even though find() is defined both on str and bytes, the type of the substring to look for needs to align.
Thus, in
underlying_exception = e.detail.find(
'{%s}ApiExceptionFault' % self._GetBindingNamespace())
bytes.find() is called with a str argument, causing the ValueError you experience.
I'd argue that zeep.wsdl.utils.etree_to_string() should be adjusted to actually return a str instead of bytes. You could try opening an issue on Zeep's Github repository.

ValueError: substring not found in midi

Let me first start this off by stating that I am a complete beginner to coding and my attempts to fix this have been limited. I am trying to follow this Arduino controlled piano robot. It takes a textified midi file and uses python to translate it into 8-bit. The code is attached near the bottom of the link, I had some formatting issues when placing it here.
This link to the textified midi file used. before running the code I changed the input_file = open to text file path like so,
input_file = open("C:\\Users\\nby20\\Downloads\\megalovania.txt")
After running the code I get a text output file as expected however it is blank and I get a few errors:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\nby20\Downloads\python_code_for_translation.py", line 184, in <module>
main()
File "C:\Users\nby20\Downloads\python_code_for_translation.py", line 23, in main
result[-1] = str(temp_time) + "," + set_bit_prev(on_off_finder(a), note_finder(a), -1)
File "C:\Users\nby20\Downloads\python_code_for_translation.py", line 178, in on_off_finder
end = in_string.index("ch=") - 1
ValueError: substring not found
Any suggestions on how to fix this would be greatly appreciated.

The Traceback is like debugging information you can use to trace which functions were called when the error was thrown. It seems the error occurred when it was executing this bit of conditional logic, lines 22-23, of the main function:
elif time_finder_comm(result[-1]) == temp_time:
result[-1] = str(temp_time) + "," + set_bit_prev(on_off_finder(a), note_finder(a), -1)
which called the on_off_finder function which just tries to figure out if the line says 'On' or 'Off'.
It seems the file reader only expects lines like this:
55248 Off ch=10 n=40 v=64
However, in the file you uploaded, there also lines like this:
55248 Meta TrkEnd
TrkEnd
The index function throws ValueError: substring not found if the substring passed in does not exist in the string, which in this case (line 178 below) is the string "ch":
end = in_string.index("ch=") - 1
Try removing those kind of lines and re-run the script? Find all lines with "Trk" and and remove them, or make 3 separate files because there seem to be 3 blocks of lines in 'megalovania.txt' that will trip up the script:
(starting at line 2469):
55248 Meta TrkEnd
TrkEnd
MTrk
...
(starting at line 4071):
58368 Meta TrkEnd
TrkEnd
MTrk
...
(starting at line 6431):
55296 Meta TrkEnd
TrkEnd

python 3 'function' object is not iterable

I am new to python and I am trying to create a chat server in python using socket. In my server i want to encrypt and decrypt the message sended from the client to the sever.I am trying to create a key from the server then send it to the client but i got this error: "'function' object is not iterable" . I am following this guide : https://riptutorial.com/python/topic/8710/sockets-and-message-encryption-decryption-between-client-and-server.
Here are the code that generate the error:
key_128 = os.urandom(16)
#encrypt CTR MODE session key
en = AES.new(key_128,AES.MODE_CTR,counter = lambda:key_128)
encrypto = en.encrypt(key_128)
and this is the error :
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
en = AES.new(key_128,AES.MODE_CTR,counter = lambda:key_128)
File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\Crypto\Cipher\AES.py", line 232, in new
return _create_cipher(sys.modules[__name__], key, mode, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\Crypto\Cipher\__init__.py", line 79, in _create_cipher
return modes[mode](factory, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\Crypto\Cipher\_mode_ctr.py", line 366, in _create_ctr_cipher
_counter = dict(counter)
TypeError: 'function' object is not iterable
I tried to run this guide on python 2.7 and it run ok. But i run on python 3 it has error. Can some one explain why and help me fix this?
Update :
I am using pycryptodome instead of Pycrypto because i cant install Pycrypto in my pc.
I did some researches how to fix this. There is the link that said the error is caused by conflict between python-crypto in lib and local/lib ... But i dont think it is. Here is the link https://github.com/nccgroup/Winpayloads/issues/21

Per the documentation:
counter : (object) – Instance of Crypto.Util.Counter, which allows full customization of the counter block. This parameter is incompatible to both nonce and initial_value.
counter in this context is an anonymous function (a lambda), but not an instance of Crypto.Util.Counter. Given key_128 = os.urandom(16) - key_128 is a string.

Adding new portgroups to vmware virtual switches using pysphere

I'm trying to automate the addition of new portgroups to ESXi hosts using pysphere. I'm using the following code fragment:
from pysphere import MORTypes
from pysphere import VIServer, VIProperty
from pysphere.resources import VimService_services as VI
s = VIServer()
s.connect(vcenter, user, password)
host_system = s.get_hosts().keys()[17]
prop = VIProperty(s, host_system)
propname = prop.configManager._obj.get_element_networkSystem()
vswitch = prop.configManager.networkSystem.networkInfo.vswitch[0]
network_system = VIMor(propname, MORTypes.HostServiceSystem)
def add_port_group(name, vlan_id, vswitch, network_system):
request = VI.AddPortGroupRequestMsg()
_this = request.new__this(network_system)
_this.set_attribute_type(network_system.get_attribute_type())
request.set_element__this(_this)
portgrp = request.new_portgrp()
portgrp.set_element_name(name)
portgrp.set_element_vlanId(vlan_id)
portgrp.set_element_vswitchName(vswitch)
portgrp.set_element_policy(portgrp.new_policy())
request.set_element_portgrp(portgrp)
s._proxy.AddPortGroup(request)
However, when I attempt to run it, I get the following error:
>>> add_port_group(name, vlan_id, vswitch, network_system)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 12, in add_port_group
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pysphere-0.1.8- py2.6.egg/pysphere/resources/VimService_services.py", line 4344, in AddPortGroup
response = self.binding.Receive(AddPortGroupResponseMsg.typecode)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pysphere-0.1.8- py2.6.egg/pysphere/ZSI/client.py", line 545, in Receive
return _Binding.Receive(self, replytype, **kw)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pysphere-0.1.8- py2.6.egg/pysphere/ZSI/client.py", line 464, in Receive
raise FaultException(msg)
pysphere.ZSI.FaultException: The object has already been deleted or has not been completely created
I've attempted to swap in different values for "vswitch" and "network_system", but I haven't had any success. Has anyone attempted to do something similar with pysphere successfully?
I can accomplish what I need through Powershell, which demonstrates that it isn't a vmware issue, but I don't want to use Powershell in this particular case.

I tried your code on one of our vSpheres.
It seems you are passing the object to set_element_vswitchName rather than the name. Maybe this will help:
vswitch = prop.configManager.networkSystem.networkInfo.vswitch[0].name

Error when using astWCS trying to create WCS object

I'm running python2.5 and trying to use the astLib library to analyse WCS information in astronomical images. I try and get the object instanciated with the following skeleton code:
from astLib import astWCS
w = astWCS.WCS('file.fits') # error here
where file.fits is a string pointing to a valid fits file.
I have tried using the alternate method of passing a pyfits header object and this fails also:
import pyfits
from astLib import astWCS
f = pyfits.open('file.fits')
header = f[0].header
f.close()
w = astWCS.WCS(header, mode='pyfits') # error here also
The error is this:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/astro/phrfbf/build/lib/python2.6/site-packages/astLib/astWCS.py", line 79, in __init__
self.updateFromHeader()
File "/home/astro/phrfbf/build/lib/python2.6/site-packages/astLib/astWCS.py", line 119, in updateFromHeader
self.WCSStructure=wcs.wcsinit(cardstring)
File "/home/astro/phrfbf/build/lib/python2.6/site-packages/PyWCSTools/wcs.py", line 70, in wcsinit
return _wcs.wcsinit(*args)
TypeError: in method 'wcsinit', argument 1 of type 'char *'
When I run in ipython, I get the full error here on the pastebin
I know the astWCS module is a wrapped version of WCStools but i'd prefer to use the Python module as the rest of my code is in Python
Can anyone help with this problem?

Just found out the updated version of this library has fixed the problem, thanks for everyone's help

Oh sorry, I should have seen. Looking at the pastebin in more detail, the only error I can think of is that, for some reason the header has unicode in it. It can't be converted to char *, and you get the error. I tried searching for something in the header, but everything looks okay. Can you do this and post the output in another pastebin?
import pyfits
f = pyfits.open('file.fits')
header = f[0].header
f.close()
for x, i in enumerate(header.iteritems()):
if len(str(i[1])) >= 70:
print x, str(i[1])
cardlist = header.ascardlist()
cardstring = ""
for card in cardlist:
cardstring = cardstring + str(card)
print repr(cardstring)
Or, if you can check the header of your fits file for "funny" characters, getting rid of them should solve the issue.