I created a couple of GUIs using tkinter. But now I am interested in combining them into one caller GUI. So the caller GUI would have buttons that, when clicked, would open the other GUIs. However, I cannot get it to work. I've done the imports correctly (I think), edited the main functions in the subGUIs, and added the command=GUI.main in my buttons. I get it to load but I get errors about missing files...but when I run a GUI by itself it works fine.
In my research, I read that there can only be one mainloop in a Tkinter program. Basically, I cannot use a Tkinter GUI to call another Tkinter GUI. Do you know what I can do different, for instance, can I create the caller GUI using wxPython and have it call all other GUIs that use Tkinter?
Thank you!
You can't "call" another GUI. If this other GUI creates its own root window and calls mainloop(), your only reasonable option is to spawn a new process. That's a simple solution that requires little work. The two GUIs will be completely independent of each other.
If you have control over the code in both GUIs and you want them to work together, you can make the base class of your GUI a frame rather than a root window, and then you can create as many windows as you want with as many GUIs as you want.
For example, let's start with a simple GUI. Copy the following and put it in a file named GUI1.py:
import tkinter as tk
class GUI(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, window):
tk.Frame.__init__(self)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Hello from %s" % __file__)
label.pack(padx=20, pady=20)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
gui = GUI(root)
gui.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
tk.mainloop()
You can run that GUI normally with something like python GUI1.py.
Now, make an exact copy of that file and name it GUI2.py. You can also run it in the same manner: python GUI2.py
If you want to make a single program that has both, you can create a third file that looks like this:
import tkinter as tk
import GUI1
import GUI2
# the first gui owns the root window
win1 = tk.Tk()
gui1 = GUI1.GUI(win1)
gui1.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
# the second GUI is in a Toplevel
win2 = tk.Toplevel(win1)
gui2 = GUI2.GUI(win2)
gui2.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
tk.mainloop()
Depending on your OS and window manager, one window might be right on top of the other, so you might need to move it to see both.
Thank you for the ideas. At first, your code wouldn't print the text on the toplevel window. So I edited it a little and it worked! Thank you. GUI1 and GUI2 look like:
import tkinter as tk
def GUI1(Frame):
label = tk.Label(Frame, text="Hello from %s" % __file__)
label.pack(padx=20, pady=20)
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
GUI1(root)
root.mainloop()
And then the caller looks like this:
from tkinter import *
import GUI1
import GUI2
def call_GUI1():
win1 = Toplevel(root)
GUI1.GUI1(win1)
return
def call_GUI2():
win2 = Toplevel(root)
GUI2.GUI2(win2)
return
# the first gui owns the root window
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = Tk()
root.title('Caller GUI')
root.minsize(720, 600)
button_1 = Button(root, text='Call GUI1', width='20', height='20', command=call_GUI1)
button_1.pack()
button_2 = Button(root, text='Call GUI2', width='20', height='20', command=call_GUI2)
button_2.pack()
root.mainloop()
Related
I have been searching for a solution for this issue, but I can't seem to find a viable answer.
I have the following code to open another tkinter script on button click:
# Program to Open on Button Click
def tkinter1():
ret = os.system('python C:\filepath\new_script.py"')
if ret:
# record updated, reload data
treeview_preview()
b1 = Button(master, text="New Window", command=tkinter1)
My problem I am facing is that I want the current window to close on the button click and only keep the new window open.
I know it is possible. I have this instance with many different windows and I seem to be stuck.
The unfortunate thing is that I have an entire different script for different parts of the beta software and the only way I could successfully run all of them is to access them as stated above.
I tried using the if ret: exit() command at the end with the same result. I have windows opening over and over again.
It seems simple, but I haven't been programming tkinter script for too long.(I still have a lot to learn)
All help is appreciated.
You can use master.withdraw(). I
made your code runnable with a few lines. Ok lets say your fixed main code is this:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from seccond import *
from multiprocessing import Process
import os
def main():
master = tk.Tk()
# Program to Open on Button Click
def tkinter1():
master.withdraw()
master.destroy()
ret = Process(target=treeview_preview())
ret.start()
#if ret:
# # record updated, reload data
# treeview_preview()
#commented out bc i don't know what it is
b1 = Button(master, text="New Window", command=tkinter1)
b1.pack()
master.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
the secondary code name seccond.py in the same folder as the main code is called as an external function but also as a separate process.
import tkinter as tk
def treeview_preview():
root = tk.Tk()
S = tk.Scrollbar(root)
T = tk.Text(root, height=4, width=50)
S.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
T.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)
S.config(command=T.yview)
T.config(yscrollcommand=S.set)
quote = """this is the seccond window."""
T.insert(tk.END, quote)
tk.mainloop()
The code will remove the window but not the terminal box as it will use it for the second script.
I'm new to python programming, and I have a bit of trouble with the program structure:
When I make my GUI in the main python part then the code works:
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.overrideredirect(True)
root.geometry("800x480")
def cb_Gebruiker():
btnUser["text"]= "changed"
btnUser = tk.Button(root, text="User",command = cb_Gebruiker)
btnUser.place(x=1,y=1,width="300",height="73")
root.mainloop()
When I make my GUI in a function, the btn variable is local, so this doesn't work
def MakeBtn():
btnUser = tk.Button(root, text="User",command = cb_Gebruiker)
btnUser.place(x=1,y=1,width="300",height="73")
def cb_Gebruiker():
btnUser["text"]= "changed"
MakeBtn()
root.mainloop()
Now I have a program that's rather large and I want my GUI in a separate file, but then I can't access my GUI components...
And I can't seem to be able to find a tutorial on how to structure a program (python has to many possibilities: script, module, object oriented,..)
How do I solve this?
You will need a lambda to delay the call to the command with a parameter.
def MakeBtn():
btnUser = tk.Button(root, text="User", command = lambda: cb_Gebruiker(btnUser))
btnUser.place(x=1, y=1, width="300", height="73")
def cb_Gebruiker(btnUser):
btnUser["text"] = "changed"
MakeBtn()
root.mainloop()
I have primary.py:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
from tkinter import ttk
import multiprocessing as mp
import other_script
class GUI:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
def file_select():
path = askopenfilename()
if __name__ == '__main__':
queue = mp.Queue()
queue.put(path)
import_ds_proc = mp.Process(target=other_script.dummy, args=(queue,))
import_ds_proc.daemon = True
import_ds_proc.start()
# GUI
root = Tk()
my_gui = GUI(root)
# Display
frame = Frame(width=206, height=236)
frame.pack()
ttk.Button(frame, text="Select", command=file_select).pack(anchor='nw')
# Listener
root.mainloop()
And other_script.py:
def dummy(parameter):
pass
When running this, upon selection of a file, a second GUI window appears. Why? This is undesired behavior, I instead want dummy to run.
Thanks.
Just like with multiprocessing, you need to place the code to do with tkinter and making your window within the entry point to your program (such that it is not ran more than once through another process).
This means moving the if __name__ == "__main__" clause to the 'bottom' of your program and placing the code to do with tkinter in there instead. The entry point to your multiprocessing will still be protected as it is called after an event, which is defined within the start point.
Edit:
The entry point is where your program is entered from, normally when you say if __name__ == "__main__".
By moving the tkinter code into the entry point, I mean something like this:
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = Tk()
my_gui = GUI(root)
frame = Frame(width=206, height=236)
frame.pack()
ttk.Button(frame, text="Select", command=file_select).pack(anchor='nw')
root.mainloop()
(At the 'bottom' of your program, i.e. after all functions are defined.)
I am using python 3.
If I opan an error messagebox, i get two frames, one is emty and one is the error-window. That is my code:
from tkinter import messagebox
messagebox.showwarning('warning', 'warning')
Everything works correctly in your example. The empty window is the main window of Tk. It is always open when you start any Tk program. You can minimize it if you want, but closing it terminates the main loop.
Try this:
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.withdraw()
messagebox.showwarning('warning', 'warning')
Thank you DYZ,
in my code is no main window, (eg.: main = Tk() ... main.mainloop), because of that the warning massage create one. I could solve the problem by create one and minimize it. at the end of massagebox I destroyed it to continue in code.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
main = Tk()
main.geometry("500x400+300+300")
def message():
main.geometry("0x0")
messagebox.showwarning("Say Hello", "Hello World")
main.destroy()
B1 = Button(main, text = "Start Dialog",fg="dark green", command = message)
B1.pack()
main.mainloop()
print("finish dialog")
So for some reason the scale function in tkinter doesn't want to output the number on the scale. All i receive is either 0.0 or nothing. It seems to be to do with the GUI and calling functions through the GUI. Written and run in python 3.4.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
iterations=30
def settings():
global itervar, iterscale
sGui = Tk()
itervar = DoubleVar()
iterscale = Scale(sGui, orient="horizontal", from_=1, to=1000, variable=itervar)
iterscale.pack()
iterbutton = Button(sGui, text="Save Settings", command=saveSettings)
iterbutton.pack()
sGui.mainloop()
def saveSettings():
global iterations
iterations = itervar.get()
print(iterations)
def doNothing():
pass
def main():
global root, version
root= Tk()
menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)
fileMenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=fileMenu)
fileMenu.add_command(label="Quit", command=quit)
benchmarkMenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="Benchmark", menu=benchmarkMenu)
benchmarkMenu.add_command(label="Run [All]", command=doNothing)
benchmarkMenu.add_separator()
benchmarkMenu.add_command(label="Settings", command=settings)
root.mainloop()
#Main
main()
I have tried the functions settings and saveSettings on their own and they work fine, but when i call it through the GUI it doesn't seem to work.
Any ideas on the problem, my only solution would be have the settings function and saveSettings function in a different file and then run that file externally with os.startfile("etc...")
Minimal fix: change this
itervar = DoubleVar()
to this:
itervar = DoubleVar(sGui)
Because you have two root applications (root and sGui are both instances of Tk) the implied parent widget for itervar is the first one created, being root so tkinter gets confused when you specify it as the variable for a completely different application.
But I would highly recommend using a Toplevel instance to keep the windows a part of the same program:
sGui = Toplevel(root)
...
#sGui.mainloop() #no longer need this
although if you want to be able to run the setting window without the main one you might consider making all your visible windows Toplevels and make the actual root hidden:
# I'm not sure if you want to call it this
abs_root = Tk() # but you are already using root
abs_root.withdraw() #hide the window
Then make root = Toplevel(abs_root)
You coud phase out the variable all together by using .geting the scale directly:
iterations = iterscale.get()