I am using type_keys() on a combobox to upload files via a file dialog. As mentioned in similar SO posts, this function omits certain special characters in the text that it actually types into the combobox. I'm resolving this by simply replacing every "specialchar" in that string with "{specialchar}". So far I've found the need to replace the following chars: + ^ % ( ).
I'm wondering where I can find the complete list of characters that require this treatment. I don't think it's this list because I'm not seeing, for example, the % symbol there. I also tried checking keyboard.py from the keyboard library but I don't know if it can be found there.
PS. I realize that instead of using type_keys(), for example, using send_keys() or set_edit_text(), the escaping of special characters might be done for me automatically. However, for various reasons, it looks like type_keys() works the best for my particular file dialog/situation.
Thanks
This is the full documentation: https://pywinauto.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code/pywinauto.keyboard.html All special characters can be wrapped by {}
I'm using Python to parse a .csv file that contains line breaks in most values. This isn't an issue, since values are delimited by ".
However, I've noticed that during the construction of the .csv file at one point in time, long values were split into multiple lines (but kept within the same value), with an = character put at the end of one line to signify "the following line break is actually a concatenation". A minimal working example: the value
Hello, world!
How are you today?
could be represented as
"Hello, world!\n
How are you t=\n
oday?"
where \n denotes the one-byte line break character.
Does CSV have the concept of "line continuation characters"? The documentation of Python's csv library does not mention anything about it under the formatting section, and hence I wonder if this is common practice and if Python nevertheless has support. I know how to write a parser that concatenates these lines (a simple str.replace(v,"=\n","") probably suffices), but I'm just curious whether this is an idiosyncrasy of my file.
This seems to be not a feature of CSV, but rather of MIME (and since my dataset consists of e-mails, this solves my question).
This usage of equals characters is part of quoted-printable encoding, and can be handled by the quopri Python module. See this answer for more details.
Using this module is better than a simple str.replace(v, "=\n", ""), because e-mails can contain other quoted-printable tokens that need decoding and do not appear on line ends (e.g. =09 to represent a horizontal tab). With quopri, you would write:
import quopri
v = ...
original = quopri.decodestring(v.encode("utf-8")).decode("utf-8")
I am working on a Python program which contains an Arabic-English database and allows to update this database and also to study the vocabluary. I am almost done with implementing all the functions I need but the most important part is missing: The encoding of the Arabic strings. To append new vocabulary to the data base txt file, a dictionary is created and then its content is appended to the file. To study vocabulary, the content of the txt file is converted into a dictionary again, a random word is printed to the console and the user is asked for its translation. Now the idea is that the user has the possibility to write the Englisch word as well as the Arabic word in latin letters and the program will internally convert the pseudo-arabic string to Arabic letters. For example, if the user writes 'b' when asked for the Arabic word, I want to append 'ب'.
1. There are about 80 signs I have to consider in the implementation. Is there a way of creating some mapping between the latin-letter input string and the respective Arabic signs? For me, the most intuitive idea would be to write one if statement after the other but that's probably super slow.
2. I have trouble printing the Arabic string to the console. This input
print('bla{}!'.format(chr(0xfe9e)))
print('bla{}!'.format(chr(int('0x'+'0627',16))))
will result in printing the Arabic sign whereas this won't:
print('{}'.format(chr(0xfe9e)))
What can I do in order to avoid this problem, since I want a sequence which consists of unicode symbols only?
Did you try encode/decode function? for example you can write
u = ("سلام".encode('utf-8'))
print(u.decode('utf-8'))
This is not the final answer but can give you a start.
First of all check your encoding:
import sys
sys.getdefaultencoding()
Edit:
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF8') was removed from sys module. But still, you can comment what sys.getdefaultencoding() returns in your box.
However, for Arabic characters, you can range them all at once:
According to this website, Arabic characters are from 0x620 to 0x64B and Basic Latin characters are from 0x0061 to 0x007B (for lower cases).
So:
arabic_chr = [chr(k) for k in range(0x620, 0x064B, 1)]
latin_chr = [chr(k) for k in range(0x0061, 0x007B, 1)]
Now, all what you have to do, is finding a relation between the two lists, orr maybe extend more the ranges (I speak arabic and i know that there is many forms of one char and a character can change from a word to another).
I'd like to print emojis from python(3) src
I'm working on a project that analyzes Facebook Message histories and in the raw htm data file downloaded I find a lot of emojis are displayed as boxes with question marks, as happens when the value can't be displayed. If I copy paste these symbols into terminal as strings, I get values such as \U000fe328. This is also the output I'm getting when I run the htm files through BeautifulSoup and output the data.
I Googled this string (and others), and consistently one of the only sites that comes up with them is iemoji.com, in the case of the above string this page, that lists the string as a Python Src. I want to be able to print out these strings as their corresponding emojis (after all, they were originallly emojis when being messaged), and after looking around I found a mapping of src encodings at this page, that mapped the above like strings to emoji string names. I then found this emoji string names to Unicode list, that for the most part seems to map the emoji names to Unicode. If I try printing out these values, I get good output. Like following
>>> print(u'\U0001F624')
😤
Is there a way to map these "Python src" encodings to their unicode values? Chaining both libraries would work if not for the fact that the original src mapping is missing around 50% of the unicode values found in the unicode library. And if I do end up having to do that, is there a good way to find the Python Src value of a given emoji? From my testing emoji as strings equal their Unicode, such as '😤' == u'\U0001F624', but I can't seem to get any sort of relations to \U000fe328
This has nothing to do with Python. An escape like \U000fe328 just contains the hexadecimal representation of a code point, so this one is U+0FE328 (which is a private use character).
These days a lot of emoji are assigned to code points, eg. 😤 is U+01F624 — FACE WITH LOOK OF TRIUMPH.
Before these were assigned, various programs used various code points in the private use ranges to represent emoji. Facebook apparently used the private use character U+0FE328. The mapping from these code points to the standard code points is arbitrary. Some of them may not have a standard equivalent at all.
So what you have to look for is a table which tells you which of these old assignments correspond to which standard code point.
There's php-emoji on GitHub which appears to contain these mappings. But note that this is PHP code, and the characters are represented as UTF-8 (eg. the character above would be "\xf3\xbe\x8c\xa8").
I am working on the letter distribution problem from HP code wars 2012. I keep getting an error message that says "invalid character in identifier". What does this mean and how can it be fixed?
Here is the page with the information.
import string
def text_analyzer(text):
'''The text to be parsed and
the number of occurrences of the letters given back
be. Punctuation marks, and I ignore the EOF
simple. The function is thus very limited.
'''
result = {}
# Processing
for a in string.ascii_lowercase:
result [a] = text.lower (). count (a)
return result
def analysis_result (results):
# I look at the data
keys = analysis.keys ()
values \u200b\u200b= list(analysis.values \u200b\u200b())
values.sort (reverse = True )
# I turn to the dictionary and
# Must avoid that letters will be overwritten
w2 = {}
list = []
for key in keys:
item = w2.get (results [key], 0 )
if item = = 0 :
w2 [analysis results [key]] = [key]
else :
item.append (key)
w2 [analysis results [key]] = item
# We get the keys
keys = list (w2.keys ())
keys.sort (reverse = True )
for key in keys:
list = w2 [key]
liste.sort ()
for a in list:
print (a.upper (), "*" * key)
text = """I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true
meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
are created equal. "I have a dream that my four little children will one day
live in a nation where they will not be Judged by the color of their skin but
by the content of their character.
# # # """
analysis result = text_analyzer (text)
analysis_results (results)
The error SyntaxError: invalid character in identifier means you have some character in the middle of a variable name, function, etc. that's not a letter, number, or underscore. The actual error message will look something like this:
File "invalchar.py", line 23
values = list(analysis.values ())
^
SyntaxError: invalid character in identifier
That tells you what the actual problem is, so you don't have to guess "where do I have an invalid character"? Well, if you look at that line, you've got a bunch of non-printing garbage characters in there. Take them out, and you'll get past this.
If you want to know what the actual garbage characters are, I copied the offending line from your code and pasted it into a string in a Python interpreter:
>>> s=' values = list(analysis.values ())'
>>> s
' values \u200b\u200b= list(analysis.values \u200b\u200b())'
So, that's \u200b, or ZERO WIDTH SPACE. That explains why you can't see it on the page. Most commonly, you get these because you've copied some formatted (not plain-text) code off a site like StackOverflow or a wiki, or out of a PDF file.
If your editor doesn't give you a way to find and fix those characters, just delete and retype the line.
Of course you've also got at least two IndentationErrors from not indenting things, at least one more SyntaxError from stay spaces (like = = instead of ==) or underscores turned into spaces (like analysis results instead of analysis_results).
The question is, how did you get your code into this state? If you're using something like Microsoft Word as a code editor, that's your problem. Use a text editor. If not… well, whatever the root problem is that caused you to end up with these garbage characters, broken indentation, and extra spaces, fix that, before you try to fix your code.
If your keyboard is set to English US (International) rather than English US the double quotation marks don't work. This is why the single quotation marks worked in your case.
Similar to the previous answers, the problem is some character (possibly invisible) that the Python interpreter doesn't recognize. Because this is often due to copy-pasting code, re-typing the line is one option.
But if you don't want to re-type the line, you can paste your code into this tool or something similar (Google "show unicode characters online"), and it will reveal any non-standard characters. For example,
s=' values = list(analysis.values ())'
becomes
s=' values U+200B U+200B = list(analysis.values U+200B U+200B ())'
You can then delete the non-standard characters from the string.
Carefully see your quotation, is this correct or incorrect! Sometime double quotation doesn’t work properly, it's depend on your keyboard layout.
I got a similar issue. My solution was to change minus character from:
—
to
-
I got that error, when sometimes I type in Chinese language.
When it comes to punctuation marks, you do not notice that you are actually typing the Chinese version, instead of the English version.
The interpreter will give you an error message, but for human eyes, it is hard to notice the difference.
For example, "，" in Chinese; and "," in English.
So be careful with your language setting.
Not sure this is right on but when i copied some code form a paper on using pgmpy and pasted it into the editor under Spyder, i kept getting the "invalid character in identifier" error though it didn't look bad to me. The particular line was grade_cpd = TabularCPD(variable='G',\
For no good reason I replaced the ' with " throughout the code and it worked. Not sure why but it did work
A little bit late but I got the same error and I realized that it was because I copied some code from a PDF. Check the difference between these two:
-
−
The first one is from hitting the minus sign on keyboard and the second is from a latex generated PDF.
This error occurs mainly when copy-pasting the code. Try editing/replacing minus(-), bracket({) symbols.
You don't get a good error message in IDLE if you just Run the module. Try typing an import command from within IDLE shell, and you'll get a much more informative error message. I had the same error and that made all the difference.
(And yes, I'd copied the code from an ebook and it was full of invisible "wrong" characters.)
My solution was to switch my Mac keyboard from Unicode to U.S. English.
it is similar for me as well after copying the code from my email.
def update(self, k=1, step = 2):
if self.start.get() and not self.is_paused.get(): U+A0
x_data.append([i for i in range(0,k,1)][-1])
y = [i for i in range(0,k,step)][-1]
There is additional U+A0 character after checking with the tool as recommended by #Jacob Stern.