Develop Reference

Problem getting python to "find" the pyglet module

I am learning python via a Great Course lecture series, and in the second half of the course need to install the pyglet module. Although I have (apparently) downloaded the module successfully, my PyCharm IDE is not able to locate it, so my .py program with the instruction "import pyglet" generates the following error:
"C:\Users\the_m\PycharmProjects\Program 1\venv\Scripts\python.exe" "C:\Users\the_m\PycharmProjects\Program 1\basketball.py"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\the_m\PycharmProjects\Program 1\basketball.py", line 1, in <module>
import pyglet
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pyglet'
I am really enjoying the course, and enjoying getting back to coding after a multi-decade hiatus. I am working on a PC. Can anyone suggest a solution?
file locations for python and what I think are the pyglet module are as follows:
C:\Users\the_m>py -m pip --version
pip 23.0 from C:\Users\the_m\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.11)
C:\Users\the_m>py -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\the_m\appdata\local\programs\python\python311\lib\site-packages (23.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\the_m\appdata\local\programs\python\python311\lib\site-packages (65.5.0)
Collecting setuptools
Downloading setuptools-67.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.1 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.1/1.1 MB 607.4 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting wheel
Downloading wheel-0.38.4-py3-none-any.whl (36 kB)
Installing collected packages: wheel, setuptools
WARNING: The script wheel.exe is installed in 'C:\Users\the_m\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Scripts' which is not on PATH.
Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Attempting uninstall: setuptools
Found existing installation: setuptools 65.5.0
Uninstalling setuptools-65.5.0:
Successfully uninstalled setuptools-65.5.0
Successfully installed setuptools-67.2.0 wheel-0.38.4

finnhub installation using pip

I've currently installation of python 3.10 [not conda dist]. I'm trying to import finnhub using both cmd but I'm confronted with the following error message:
C:\Users\Admin>python -m pip install finnhub
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement finnhub (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for finnhub
Any ideas on what I'm missing please? I've also tried to install this package using PyCharm but this results in the following error:
C:\Users\Admin\PycharmProjects\NewPython\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/Admin/PycharmProjects/NewPython/main.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Admin\PycharmProjects\NewPython\main.py", line 1, in <module>
import finnhub
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'finnhub'
Process finished with exit code 1
I have added the python installation to PATH and the current version of pip is the latest version.
Many thanks in advance for your help.
Question update
In the meantime, I have spotted an old environment reference which has been now removed. This seems to allow the install of finnhub using
pip install finnhub--python
but not
pip install finnhub
Code below:
C:\Users\Admin>pip install finnhub
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement finnhub (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for finnhub
C:\Users\Admin>pip install finnhub--python
Requirement already satisfied: finnhub--python in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (2.4.13)
Requirement already satisfied: requests>=2.22.0 in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from finnhub--python) (2.28.1)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.22.0->finnhub--python) (1.26.10)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.22.0->finnhub--python) (2022.6.15)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.22.0->finnhub--python) (3.3)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<3,>=2 in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.22.0->finnhub--python) (2.1.0)
C:\Users\Admin>
When using PyCharm to try to access this from the IDE, I am now confronted with:
C:\Users\Admin\PycharmProjects\pythonProject2\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/Admin/PycharmProjects/pythonProject2/main.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Admin\PycharmProjects\pythonProject2\main.py", line 1, in <module>
import finnhub
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'finnhub'
Process finished with exit code 1

From the the section "Installation" of the package's documentation:
pip install finnhub-python

In this command, it becomes clear that you have installed finhub globally,
C:\Users\Admin>pip install finnhub--python
Requirement already satisfied: finnhub--python in c:\users\admin\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (2.4.13)
But when running your script your command looks like this
C:\Users\Admin\PycharmProjects\NewPython\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/Admin/PycharmProjects/NewPython/main.py
So you are using a virtual environment for your project in which finnhub is probably not installed yet.
Try:
C:\Users\Admin\PycharmProjects\NewPython\venv\Scripts\python.exe -m pip install finnhub-python
Alternatively, you can use pycharm as well
With your project open go to File
Select Settings->Project->Python Interpreter
You should see a list of packages and their version. Hit the little + button above it
Search for finnhub-python, select it and hit Install Package

Unable to install libraries with pip due to outdated BeautifulSoup

The command
pip install pyteaser
produces this error:
Collecting pyteaser
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d4/7a/310592c6e7998440e56a8650446ecf3ded076431415c60f0f3b946b54462/pyteaser-2.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: Pillow in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pyteaser) (5.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: lxml in /home/abhishek/PycharmProjects/learning-python/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pyteaser) (4.4.2)
Collecting cssselect (from pyteaser)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/d4/3b5c17f00cce85b9a1e6f91096e1cc8e8ede2e1be8e96b87ce1ed09e92c5/cssselect-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting jieba (from pyteaser)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b2/c8/e0785494690876adbb5ac364eb148a240b738a614d7b39bf8dba8a7ad066/jieba-0.41.tar.gz
Collecting beautifulsoup (from pyteaser)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/40/f2/6c9f2f3e696ee6a1fb0e4d7850617e224ed2b0b1e872110abffeca2a09d4/BeautifulSoup-3.2.2.tar.gz
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pycharm-packaging/beautifulsoup/setup.py", line 3
"You're trying to run a very old release of Beautiful Soup under Python 3. This will not work."<>"Please use Beautiful Soup 4, available through the pip package 'beautifulsoup4'."
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pycharm-packaging/beautifulsoup/
And the command
pip install pytldr
reports this error:
pip install pytldr
Collecting pytldr
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/70/09/02ed27061159e5f6d35abad4ec9ef3cac8e220093d61a2f7a42f53c9cb22/PyTLDR-0.1.4.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.8.0 in /home/abhishek/PycharmProjects/learning-python/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytldr) (1.18.1)
Requirement already satisfied: nltk>=3.0.0 in /home/abhishek/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytldr) (3.4.5)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.13.2 in /home/abhishek/PycharmProjects/learning-python/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytldr) (1.4.1)
Collecting scikit-learn>=0.15.2 (from pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/48/e9fa9e252abcd1447eff6f9257636af31758a6e46fd5ce5d3c879f6907cb/scikit_learn-0.22.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Collecting goose-extractor>=1.0.25 (from pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ab/f3/2e89688e4e1d8786e542ea460431f24f1392d885e60303dc20d476a96424/goose-extractor-1.0.25.tar.gz
Collecting networkx>=1.9.1 (from pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/41/8f/dd6a8e85946def36e4f2c69c84219af0fa5e832b018c970e92f2ad337e45/networkx-2.4-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: six in /home/abhishek/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from nltk>=3.0.0->pytldr) (1.12.0)
Collecting joblib>=0.11 (from scikit-learn>=0.15.2->pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/28/5c/cf6a2b65a321c4a209efcdf64c2689efae2cb62661f8f6f4bb28547cf1bf/joblib-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: Pillow in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from goose-extractor>=1.0.25->pytldr) (5.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: lxml in /home/abhishek/PycharmProjects/learning-python/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from goose-extractor>=1.0.25->pytldr) (4.4.2)
Collecting cssselect (from goose-extractor>=1.0.25->pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/d4/3b5c17f00cce85b9a1e6f91096e1cc8e8ede2e1be8e96b87ce1ed09e92c5/cssselect-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting jieba (from goose-extractor>=1.0.25->pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b2/c8/e0785494690876adbb5ac364eb148a240b738a614d7b39bf8dba8a7ad066/jieba-0.41.tar.gz
Collecting beautifulsoup (from goose-extractor>=1.0.25->pytldr)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/40/f2/6c9f2f3e696ee6a1fb0e4d7850617e224ed2b0b1e872110abffeca2a09d4/BeautifulSoup-3.2.2.tar.gz
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-install-9oa07p4e/beautifulsoup/setup.py", line 3
"You're trying to run a very old release of Beautiful Soup under Python 3. This will not work."<>"Please use Beautiful Soup 4, available through the pip package 'beautifulsoup4'."
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-9oa07p4e/beautifulsoup/
Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.
EDIT:
After executing the command for BeautifulSoup
pip install beautifulsoup4
the response is:
Requirement already satisfied: beautifulsoup4 in /home/abhishek/PycharmProjects/learning-python/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (4.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: soupsieve>=1.2 in /home/abhishek/PycharmProjects/learning-python/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from beautifulsoup4) (1.9.5)
Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

The problem here is that the library is not (yet) ready for Python3, as you can see here in a comment on an issue of this library. And that is the source of your problem. As you can see, there are no issues if you install the library for Python2.7:
$ sudo apt install python-pip # or https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/
$ python --version
Python 2.7.17
$ python -m pip install pytldr
Successfully installed Pillow-6.2.2 beautifulsoup-3.2.2 cssselect-1.1.0 decorator-4.4.2 goose-extractor-1.0.25 jieba-0.42.1 lxml-4.5.0 networkx-2.2 nltk-3.4.5 numpy-1.16.6 pytldr-0.1.4 scikit-learn-0.20.4 scipy-1.2.3 singledispatch-3.4.0.3 six-1.14.0
Here, you can see that everything worked, because beautifulsoup-3.2.2 version was installed. Trying the same command for Python3 leads to the error you're posted:
$ python3 --version
Python 3.6.9
$ python3 -m pip install pytldr
Collecting beautifulsoup
Using cached BeautifulSoup-3.2.2.tar.gz (32 kB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/bin/python3 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-12aluvvq/beautifulsoup/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-12aluvvq/beautifulsoup/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-12aluvvq/beautifulsoup/pip-egg-info
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-12aluvvq/beautifulsoup/
Complete output (6 lines):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-install-12aluvvq/beautifulsoup/setup.py", line 3
"You're trying to run a very old release of Beautiful Soup under Python 3. This will not work."<>"Please use Beautiful Soup 4, available through the pip package 'beautifulsoup4'."
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The error message is very clear:
You're trying to run a very old release of Beautiful Soup under Python 3. This will not work. Please use Beautiful Soup 4, available through the pip package 'beautifulsoup4'.
Simply installing BeautifulSoup4 is not solving the problem, because the library still uses code for BeautifulSoup3. That's a dependency of the pytldr package.
Now you have several options, maybe more:
Do not use this library.
Use Python2 (But it's the year 2020).
There is already an open pull request that offers code that allegedly has updated the library to be compliant with Python3. You can build the library from source with code provided there (no guarantee that this will work) or wait until the pull request was approved (or write to the author).
Go through the forks and see if anyone has already got the library up and running for Python3.
Try to update the library yourself and maybe with the help of 2to3.
You can apparently also install this fork directly instead of step 3. Of course, this fork may be out-of-date at some point, or it may be modified in such a way that it is no longer usable. There is also the option of installing a specific commit. But also no guarantee that this will work.

The pyteaser and goose-extractor libraries simply use the BeautifulSoup 3 library, which uses a different name from BeautifulSoup 4. You can't just install BeautifulSoup 4, because pyteaser and goose-extractor need to be updated to use the newer BeautifulSoup library. That's going to be more work, because those 2 projects are not compatible with Python 3 either.
You are basically stuck with Python 2 for these projects unless you are willing to do all the upgrade work yourself or put your trust in incomplete forks:
Unfortunately, even the forks that purport to make pyteaser Python 3 compatible have left in the wrong dependency. The project doesn't actually even import BeautifulSoup anywhere, so you'd have to clone one of the Python 3 forks (like this one) and remove the beautifulsoup entry from the install_requires line.
For PyTLDR, this fork can be installed on Python 3:
pip install git+https://github.com/vinodnimbalkar/PyTLDR.git#egg=pytldr
It dropped goose altogether.
Your mileage may vary, however, since the conversion looks, to me, somewhat haphazard. For Unicode text (the default in Python 3), normalization will never take place (both the if and elif branches test for the same condition now), for example. And while it removed the goose-extractor dependency, the code still tries to import it if you referenced it, which won't work either.
If you wanted to use goose-extractor directly, you can replace with goose3. Note that this also changed the module name, to goose3 (so the PyTLDR fork above could perhaps be fixed by changing the imported module name).

Deploying an Rmarkdown file containing Python code (enabled by reticulate) to shinyapp.io

I have a problem that I have been trying to fix for a really long time now and I would really appreciate any help with it. So, I wrote an rmarkdown with both R and Python code. Everything runs fine locally. The document knits nicely (it also displays a shiny app I created inside it). The problem comes when I try to deploy it to shinyapp.io. I get a warning and an error when I do that.
Warning:
using reticulate but python was not specified; will use python at /usr/bin/python. Did you forget to set the RETICULATE_PYTHON environment variable in your .Rprofile before publishing?
Error:
Error in py_call_impl: ImportError: No module named spacy. When I start installing numPy first, it gives the same error saying it can't find numPy.
(I got these from the log in shinyapp.io. I have put the entire log at the bottom)
Here is the relevant part of my code:
reticulate::virtualenv_create(envname = 'test', python = "python")
reticulate::virtualenv_install(envname = 'test', packages =
c('spacy','numpy'))
reticulate::use_virtualenv(virtualenv = 'test', required = FALSE)
And I also have a .Rprofile file that contains the line Sys.setenv(RETICULATE_PYTHON = ".venv/bin/python"). This file is in the same directory as the Rmd file I am deploying.
I have searched for a solution everywhere and everything I have found hasn't been useful. Some similar Github issues are still open and some similar questions on Stack Overflow don't have answers. The most useful thing I have found is this and I have tried everything they suggest there. Here is what I have tried so far:
I have downgraded rsconnect. Initially, I couldn't even deploy the Rmd. I was able to do that after downgrading rsconnect, but this didn't solve the two problems that came next.
I read that I could change the file name .Rprofile to .rsconnect_profile but this hasn't helped at all.
I have tried using Python 3.6 by specifying it when creating the virtual environment (virtualenv_create(envname = 'test', python = "python3.6"). This made things worse. Moreover, shinyappy.io keeps overriding my choice of Python. It always defaults to Python2.7.
What is that I am missing here? Did I specify the virtual environments wrong? What is the difference between the virtual environment in .Rprofile and test, the one that I create in my code and install Python packages in? How are they related? At some point, test was actually RETICULATE_PYTHON and that didn't make a difference. Having read about all of this, I am actually even more confused.
This is the rest of the log:
Server version: 1.7.6-6
LANG: en_US.UTF-8
R version: 3.6.1
shiny version: 1.3.2
httpuv version: 1.5.1
rmarkdown version: 1.14
knitr version: 1.23
jsonlite version: 1.6
RJSONIO version: (none)
htmltools version: 0.3.6
warning: using reticulate but python was not specified; will use python at /usr/bin/python
Did you forget to set the RETICULATE_PYTHON environment variable in your .Rprofile before publishing?
Using pandoc at /opt/connect/ext/pandoc2
Using jsonlite for JSON processing
Starting R with process ID: '23'
Listening on http://127.0.0.1:46584
processing file: index.Rmd
|
| | 0%
|
|... | 5%
ordinary text without R code
|
|...... | 10%
label: setup (with options)
List of 1
$ include: logi FALSE
New python executable in /home/shiny/.virtualenvs/test/bin/python2
Also creating executable in /home/shiny/.virtualenvs/test/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Collecting spacy
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/bf/f76eed483f5bcb9772869a002b0029eb2888dd662f75538b3bcc197bb655/spacy-2.1.6-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (30.8MB)
Collecting numpy
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/c7/198496417c9c2f6226616cff7dedf2115a4f4d0276613bab842ec8ac1e23/numpy-1.16.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (17.0MB)
Collecting blis<0.3.0,>=0.2.2 (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/61/b7/6f32b1e2506937525802d94136eb73dec2cacd4a21c9bec9c90549e2b413/blis-0.2.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (3.2MB)
Collecting thinc<7.1.0,>=7.0.8 (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/d9/944e0d409e8af994d8d09268a3b7fb9eacbdd08f9bc72b9b0b66c405c05a/thinc-7.0.8-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.1MB)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/aa/9b065a76b9af472437a0059f77e8f962fe350438b927cb80184c32f075eb/pathlib-1.0.1.tar.gz (49kB)
Collecting pathlib==1.0.1; python_version < "3.4" (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/bd/23c926cd341ea6b7dd0b2a00aba99ae0f828be89d72b2190f27c11d4b7fb/requests-2.22.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (57kB)
Collecting requests<3.0.0,>=2.13.0 (from spacy)
Collecting preshed<2.1.0,>=2.0.1 (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/df/b1/4ff2cbd423184bd68e85f1daa6692753cd7710b0ba68552eb64542906a57/cymem-2.0.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Collecting cymem<2.1.0,>=2.0.2 (from spacy)
Collecting plac<1.0.0,>=0.9.6 (from spacy)
Collecting murmurhash<1.1.0,>=0.28.0 (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/31/247b34db5ab06afaf5512481e77860fb4cd7a0c0ddff9d2566651c8c2f07/murmurhash-1.0.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9e/9b/62c60d2f5bc135d2aa1d8c8a86aaf84edb719a59c7f11a4316259e61a298/plac-0.9.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting srsly<1.1.0,>=0.0.6 (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/17/e003b2e9122500762a9ba6f3dfe4db912604e6be840c7d3041ae72787ae3/srsly-0.0.7-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (175kB)
Collecting wasabi<1.1.0,>=0.2.0 (from spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/b1/9098d07e70b960001a8a9b99435c6987006d0d7bcbf20523adce9272f66e/preshed-2.0.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (80kB)
Collecting tqdm<5.0.0,>=4.10.0 (from thinc<7.1.0,>=7.0.8->spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/be/ba/08c53c55cc97f62310ed83e1a4d91e424f221645c88c2dddd41f179fd1f7/wasabi-0.2.2.tar.gz
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/3d/7a6b68b631d2ab54975f3a4863f3c4e9b26445353264ef01f465dc9b0208/tqdm-4.32.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (50kB)
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1 (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.13.0->spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/60/247f23a7121ae632d62811ba7f273d0e58972d75e58a94d329d51550a47d/urllib3-1.25.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (150kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.13.0->spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/69/1b/b853c7a9d4f6a6d00749e94eb6f3a041e342a885b87340b79c1ef73e3a78/certifi-2019.6.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157kB)
Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.13.0->spacy)
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Collecting idna<2.9,>=2.5 (from requests<3.0.0,>=2.13.0->spacy)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/2c/cd551d81dbe15200be1cf41cd03869a46fe7226e7450af7a6545bfc474c9/idna-2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: pathlib, wasabi
Building wheel for pathlib (setup.py): started
Building wheel for pathlib (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Stored in directory: /home/shiny/.cache/pip/wheels/f9/b2/4a/68efdfe5093638a9918bd1bb734af625526e849487200aa171
Building wheel for wasabi (setup.py): started
Building wheel for wasabi (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Stored in directory: /home/shiny/.cache/pip/wheels/b3/2c/d1/78fd1255da73ff77b372ecc56bcdb15115ab0882bb6f67af17
Successfully built pathlib wasabi
Installing collected packages: numpy, blis, tqdm, wasabi, pathlib, plac, cymem, preshed, murmurhash, srsly, thinc, urllib3, certifi, chardet, idna, requests, spacy
Successfully installed blis-0.2.4 certifi-2019.6.16 chardet-3.0.4 cymem-2.0.2 idna-2.8 murmurhash-1.0.2 numpy-1.16.4 pathlib-1.0.1 plac-0.9.6 preshed-2.0.1 requests-2.22.0 spacy-2.1.6 srsly-0.0.7 thinc-7.0.8 tqdm-4.32.2 urllib3-1.25.3 wasabi-0.2.2
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ordinary text without R code
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$ engine : chr "python"
Quitting from lines 22-29 (index.Rmd)
Warning: Error in py_call_impl: ImportError: No module named spacy
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
Detailed traceback:
149: <Anonymous>

Have you tried:
reticulate::use_virtualenv(virtualenv = 'test', required = TRUE)
So far it seems logical to enforce.
I also came across this one:
https://github.com/ranikay/shiny-reticulate-app

ImportError: No module named request, but in Path

I am trying to run a .py script that calls the request library.
anyoung#ANYOUNG-LTW7 /cygdrive/c/Users/anyoung/test/temp/Image-Crawler
$ python main.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 3, in <module>
import urllib.request
ImportError: No module named request
For some reason, Python is unable to find the library. However, I check that the path includes /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages:
anyoung#ANYOUNG-LTW7 /cygdrive/c/Users/anyoung/test/temp/Image-Crawler
$ python -c "import sys; print('\n'.join(sys.path))"
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko-1.16.0-py2.7.egg
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ecdsa-0.13-py2.7.egg
/usr/lib/python27.zip
/usr/lib/python2.7
/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-cygwin
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
/home/anyoung/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gtk-2.0
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages shows the request dir:
Any ideas on how I can resolve this error?
-- UPDATE BASED ON FIRST ANSWER --
I installed Python 3. But the module is still not found.
In cmd.exe:
C:\Users\anyoung>pip3 install requests
Collecting requests
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/65/47/7e02164a2a3db50ed6d8
a6ab1d6d60b69c4c3fdf57a284257925dfc12bda/requests-2.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9
1kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 152kB/s
Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b648
7b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133
kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 216kB/s
Collecting idna<2.8,>=2.5 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/2a/0276479a4b3caeb8a8c1
af2f8e4355746a97fab05a372e4a2c6a6b876165/idna-2.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 208kB/s
Collecting urllib3<1.24,>=1.21.1 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bd/c9/6fdd990019071a4a32a5
e7cb78a1d92c53851ef4f56f62a3486e6a7d8ffb/urllib3-1.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133k
B)
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Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7c/e6/92ad559b7192d846975f
c916b65f667c7b8c3a32bea7372340bfe9a15fa5/certifi-2018.4.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl
(150kB)
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Installing collected packages: chardet, idna, urllib3, certifi, requests
The script chardetect.exe is installed in 'c:\users\anyoung\appdata\local\prog
rams\python\python37\Scripts' which is not on PATH.
Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warn
ing, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed certifi-2018.4.16 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.7 requests-2.19.1
urllib3-1.23
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 18.0 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' comm
and.
I add c:\users\anyoung\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\Scripts to the PATH variable via the GUI:
Try again and get the same error message:
anyoung#ANYOUNG-LTW7 /cygdrive/c/Users/anyoung/test/temp/Image-Crawler
$ python3 main.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 4, in <module>
import requests
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'requests'

request and requests are not the same thing.
urllib.request is not the same as either.
Just because two things have kind of similar names doesn’t mean they’re interchangeable. requests is a third-party package for doing HTTP at a high level. urllib.request is a module in the urllib package in the Python 3 standard library for doing HTTP, FTP, and other protocols at a lower level.
The problem here is that you’re trying to run Python 3 code that uses urllib.request, in Python 2.7. You can rename every reference to urllib.request to its rough Python 2 equivalent, urllib2, and that might work. But it might not. And there’s a good chance that the code has other Python 3-specific imports or features, so it still won’t run, or won’t run correctly.
The right thing to do is to run the Python 3 code in Python 3.
If you can’t do this, you need to look into porting the code back to Python 2, or to dual-version code using six or modernize. The 3to2 tool can help get you started, but it won’t do everything for you automatically, and it’s not something people can tell you how to do in a simple Stack Overflow answer.