I have a list of times that are in following format:
Hour:Minue:Second.Microseconds
File looks like this:
0:06:50.137529
0:08:55.439963
0:06:19.179093
0:07:16.680906
0:31:55.778010
0:16:56.940836
Is there a Python function or set of commands that will let me add all of these values together?
I initially "build" these values with the following code:
optimize_times = []
starting_time=(datetime.now())
ending_time=(datetime.now())
optimize_times.append(str(ending_time-starting_time))
You can use datetime.timedelta from the standard library:
from datetime import timedelta
L = ['0:06:50.137529', '0:08:55.439963', '0:06:19.179093',
'0:07:16.680906', '0:31:55.778010', '0:16:56.940836']
def str_to_td(x):
hrs, mins, sec_micro = x.split(':')
secs, msecs = map(int, sec_micro.split('.'))
return timedelta(hours=int(hrs), minutes=int(mins), seconds=secs, microseconds=msecs)
res = sum(map(str_to_td, L), timedelta())
# datetime.timedelta(0, 4694, 156337)
Note the output of this is a timedelta object. If this isn't the format your desire, you'll need to convert back to a string with additional logic.
Related
Currently I am logging stuff and I am using my own formatter with a custom formatTime():
def formatTime(self, _record, _datefmt):
t = datetime.datetime.now()
return t.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
My issue is that the microseconds, %f, are six digits. Is there anyway to spit out less digits, like the first three digits of the microseconds?
The simplest way would be to use slicing to just chop off the last three digits of the microseconds:
def format_time():
t = datetime.datetime.now()
s = t.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
return s[:-3]
I strongly recommend just chopping. I once wrote some logging code that rounded the timestamps rather than chopping, and I found it actually kind of confusing when the rounding changed the last digit. There was timed code that stopped running at a certain timestamp yet there were log events with that timestamp due to the rounding. Simpler and more predictable to just chop.
If you want to actually round the number rather than just chopping, it's a little more work but not horrible:
def format_time():
t = datetime.datetime.now()
s = t.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
head = s[:-7] # everything up to the '.'
tail = s[-7:] # the '.' and the 6 digits after it
f = float(tail)
temp = "{:.03f}".format(f) # for Python 2.x: temp = "%.3f" % f
new_tail = temp[1:] # temp[0] is always '0'; get rid of it
return head + new_tail
Obviously you can simplify the above with fewer variables; I just wanted it to be very easy to follow.
As of Python 3.6 the language has this feature built in:
def format_time():
t = datetime.datetime.now()
s = t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds')
return s
This method should always return a timestamp that looks exactly like this (with or without the timezone depending on whether the input dt object contains one):
2016-08-05T18:18:54.776+0000
It takes a datetime object as input (which you can produce with datetime.datetime.now()). To get the time zone like in my example output you'll need to import pytz and pass datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc).
import pytz, datetime
time_format(datetime.datetime.now(pytz.utc))
def time_format(dt):
return "%s:%.3f%s" % (
dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M'),
float("%.3f" % (dt.second + dt.microsecond / 1e6)),
dt.strftime('%z')
)
I noticed that some of the other methods above would omit the trailing zero if there was one (e.g. 0.870 became 0.87) and this was causing problems for the parser I was feeding these timestamps into. This method does not have that problem.
An easy solution that should work in all cases:
def format_time():
t = datetime.datetime.now()
if t.microsecond % 1000 >= 500: # check if there will be rounding up
t = t + datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1) # manually round up
return t.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3]
Basically you do manual rounding on the date object itself first, then you can safely trim the microseconds.
Edit: As some pointed out in the comments below, the rounding of this solution (and the one above) introduces problems when the microsecond value reaches 999500, as 999.5 is rounded to 1000 (overflow).
Short of reimplementing strftime to support the format we want (the potential overflow caused by the rounding would need to be propagated up to seconds, then minutes, etc.), it is much simpler to just truncate to the first 3 digits as outlined in the accepted answer, or using something like:
'{:03}'.format(int(999999/1000))
-- Original answer preserved below --
In my case, I was trying to format a datestamp with milliseconds formatted as 'ddd'. The solution I ended up using to get milliseconds was to use the microsecond attribute of the datetime object, divide it by 1000.0, pad it with zeros if necessary, and round it with format. It looks like this:
'{:03.0f}'.format(datetime.now().microsecond / 1000.0)
# Produces: '033', '499', etc.
You can subtract the current datetime from the microseconds.
d = datetime.datetime.now()
current_time = d - datetime.timedelta(microseconds=d.microsecond)
This will turn 2021-05-14 16:11:21.916229 into 2021-05-14 16:11:21
This method allows flexible precision and will consume the entire microsecond value if you specify too great a precision.
def formatTime(self, _record, _datefmt, precision=3):
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
us = str(dt.microsecond)
f = us[:precision] if len(us) > precision else us
return "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d.%d" % (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second, int(f))
This method implements rounding to 3 decimal places:
import datetime
from decimal import *
def formatTime(self, _record, _datefmt, precision='0.001'):
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
seconds = float("%d.%d" % (dt.second, dt.microsecond))
return "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%s" % (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute,
float(Decimal(seconds).quantize(Decimal(precision), rounding=ROUND_HALF_UP)))
I avoided using the strftime method purposely because I would prefer not to modify a fully serialized datetime object without revalidating it. This way also shows the date internals in case you want to modify it further.
In the rounding example, note that the precision is string-based for the Decimal module.
Here is my solution using regexp:
import re
# Capture 6 digits after dot in a group.
regexp = re.compile(r'\.(\d{6})')
def to_splunk_iso(dt):
"""Converts the datetime object to Splunk isoformat string."""
# 6-digits string.
microseconds = regexp.search(dt.isoformat()).group(1)
return regexp.sub('.%d' % round(float(microseconds) / 1000), dt.isoformat())
Fixing the proposed solution based on Pablojim Comments:
from datetime import datetime
dt = datetime.now()
dt_round_microsec = round(dt.microsecond/1000) #number of zeroes to round
dt = dt.replace(microsecond=dt_round_microsec)
If once want to get the day of the week (i.e, 'Sunday)' along with the result, then by slicing '[:-3]' will not work. At that time you may go with,
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
print("{}.{:03d} {}".format(dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S'), dt.microsecond//1000, dt.strftime("%A")))
#Output: '2019-05-05 03:11:22.211 Sunday'
%H - for 24 Hour format
%I - for 12 Hour format
Thanks,
Adding my two cents here as this method will allow you to write your microsecond format as you would a float in c-style. It takes advantage that they both use %f.
import datetime
import re
def format_datetime(date, format):
"""Format a ``datetime`` object with microsecond precision.
Pass your microsecond as you would format a c-string float.
e.g "%.3f"
Args:
date (datetime.datetime): You input ``datetime`` obj.
format (str): Your strftime format string.
Returns:
str: Your formatted datetime string.
"""
# We need to check if formatted_str contains "%.xf" (x = a number)
float_format = r"(%\.\d+f)"
has_float_format = re.search(float_format, format)
if has_float_format:
# make microseconds be decimal place. Might be a better way to do this
microseconds = date.microsecond
while int(microseconds): # quit once it's 0
microseconds /= 10
ms_str = has_float_format.group(1) % microseconds
format = re.sub(float_format, ms_str[2:], format)
return date.strftime(format)
print(datetime.datetime.now(), "%H:%M:%S.%.3f")
# '17:58:54.424'
I have a written some code that takes two data_dict lists one containing opening times and one containing closing times.
The functions finds the difference between these two times and returns a figure in hours X.X hours.
IF, the opening and closing times in the lists are not in the correct format (00:00:00), then the function returns '-1'.
It works perfectly, however I want to be able to capture the results and save them as a numpy array.
The results print like this...
X
Y
Z
A
X
etc...
I am very very new to python and just need some guidance.
Thanks guys.
opening_time_arr = data_dict['Open']
closing_time_arr = data_dict['Close']
if len(opening_time_arr) == len(closing_time_arr):
resultTime = []
for idx, closing_time in enumerate(closing_time_arr):
try:
FORMAT = '%H:%M:%S'
tdelta = datetime.strptime(closing_time, FORMAT) - datetime.strptime(opening_time_arr[idx], FORMAT)
resultTime.append(tdelta)
tdelta_h = tdelta.total_seconds()/3600
print(tdelta_h)
except ValueError:
print('-1')
The function returns
8.0
8.5
6.5
7.5
and so on... there is about 250 entries.
How can I take these numbers and convert them to a numpy array without printing the results like my code does currently.
Oliver - I think you were really close! If tdelta_h is your output in hours, then that is what you want to be appending to resultTime. After your for loop finishes, then you can convert the list to a numpy array using np.array(), and then print out the array if you want to make sure it looks OK.
Here's how I think it should look all together:
import numpy as np
opening_time_arr = data_dict['Open']
closing_time_arr = data_dict['Close']
if len(opening_time_arr) == len(closing_time_arr):
resultTime = []
for idx, closing_time in enumerate(closing_time_arr):
try:
FORMAT = '%H:%M:%S'
tdelta = (datetime.strptime(closing_time, FORMAT) - datetime.strptime(opening_time_arr[idx], FORMAT))
tdelta_h = tdelta.total_seconds()/3600
resultTime.append(tdelta_h)
except ValueError:
resultTime.append(-1)
np.array(resultTime)
print(resultTime)
Hope this helps :)
How can I convert YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss format to integer in python?
for example 2014-02-12 20:51:14 -> to integer.
I only know how to convert hh:mm:ss but not yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
def time_to_num(time_str):
hh, mm , ss = map(int, time_str.split(':'))
return ss + 60*(mm + 60*hh)
It depends on what the integer is supposed to encode. You could convert the date to a number of milliseconds from some previous time. People often do this affixed to 12:00 am January 1 1970, or 1900, etc., and measure time as an integer number of milliseconds from that point. The datetime module (or others like it) will have functions that do this for you: for example, you can use int(datetime.datetime.utcnow().timestamp()).
If you want to semantically encode the year, month, and day, one way to do it is to multiply those components by order-of-magnitude values large enough to juxtapose them within the integer digits:
2012-06-13 --> 20120613 = 10,000 * (2012) + 100 * (6) + 1*(13)
def to_integer(dt_time):
return 10000*dt_time.year + 100*dt_time.month + dt_time.day
E.g.
In [1]: import datetime
In [2]: %cpaste
Pasting code; enter '--' alone on the line to stop or use Ctrl-D.
:def to_integer(dt_time):
: return 10000*dt_time.year + 100*dt_time.month + dt_time.day
: # Or take the appropriate chars from a string date representation.
:--
In [3]: to_integer(datetime.date(2012, 6, 13))
Out[3]: 20120613
If you also want minutes and seconds, then just include further orders of magnitude as needed to display the digits.
I've encountered this second method very often in legacy systems, especially systems that pull date-based data out of legacy SQL databases.
It is very bad. You end up writing a lot of hacky code for aligning dates, computing month or day offsets as they would appear in the integer format (e.g. resetting the month back to 1 as you pass December, then incrementing the year value), and boiler plate for converting to and from the integer format all over.
Unless such a convention lives in a deep, low-level, and thoroughly tested section of the API you're working on, such that everyone who ever consumes the data really can count on this integer representation and all of its helper functions, then you end up with lots of people re-writing basic date-handling routines all over the place.
It's generally much better to leave the value in a date context, like datetime.date, for as long as you possibly can, so that the operations upon it are expressed in a natural, date-based context, and not some lone developer's personal hack into an integer.
I think I have a shortcut for that:
# Importing datetime.
from datetime import datetime
# Creating a datetime object so we can test.
a = datetime.now()
# Converting a to string in the desired format (YYYYMMDD) using strftime
# and then to int.
a = int(a.strftime('%Y%m%d'))
This in an example that can be used for example to feed a database key, I sometimes use instead of using AUTOINCREMENT options.
import datetime
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
seq = int(dt.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"))
The other answers focused on a human-readable representation with int(mydate.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")). But this makes you lose a lot, including normal integer semantics and arithmetics, therefore I would prefer something like bash date's "seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC)".
As a reference, you could use the following bash command to get 1392234674 as a result:
date +%s --date="2014-02-12 20:51:14"
As ely hinted in the accepted answer, just a plain number representation is unmistakeable and by far easier to handle and parse, especially programmatically. Plus conversion from and to human-readable is an easy oneliner both ways.
To do the same thing in python, you can use datetime.timestamp() as djvg commented. For other methods you can consider the edit history.
Here is a simple date -> second conversion tool:
def time_to_int(dateobj):
total = int(dateobj.strftime('%S'))
total += int(dateobj.strftime('%M')) * 60
total += int(dateobj.strftime('%H')) * 60 * 60
total += (int(dateobj.strftime('%j')) - 1) * 60 * 60 * 24
total += (int(dateobj.strftime('%Y')) - 1970) * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365
return total
(Effectively a UNIX timestamp calculator)
Example use:
from datetime import datetime
x = datetime(1970, 1, 1)
time_to_int(x)
Output: 0
x = datetime(2021, 12, 31)
time_to_int(x)
Output: 1639785600
x = datetime(2022, 1, 1)
time_to_int(x)
Output: 1639872000
x = datetime(2022, 1, 2)
time_to_int(x)
Output: 1639958400
When converting datetime to integers one must keep in mind the tens, hundreds and thousands.... like
"2018-11-03" must be like 20181103 in int
for that you have to
2018*10000 + 100* 11 + 3
Similarly another example,
"2018-11-03 10:02:05" must be like 20181103100205 in int
Explanatory Code
dt = datetime(2018,11,3,10,2,5)
print (dt)
#print (dt.timestamp()) # unix representation ... not useful when converting to int
print (dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
print (dt.year*10000 + dt.month* 100 + dt.day)
print (int(dt.strftime("%Y%m%d")))
print (dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
print (dt.year*10000000000 + dt.month* 100000000 +dt.day * 1000000 + dt.hour*10000 + dt.minute*100 + dt.second)
print (int(dt.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")))
General Function
To avoid that doing manually use below function
def datetime_to_int(dt):
return int(dt.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"))
df.Date = df.Date.str.replace('-', '').astype(int)
I'm trying to increase the time.
I want to get an hour format like this: 13:30:45,123 (in Java: "HH:mm:ss,SSS"), but Python displays 13:30:45,123456 ("%H:%M:%S,%f")(microseconds of 6 digits).
I read on the web and found possible solutions like:
from datetime import datetime
hour = datetime.utcnow().strftime('%H:%M:%S,%f')[:-3]
print(hour)
The output is: 04:33:16,123
But it's a bad solution, because if the hour is for example: 01:49:56,020706, the output is: 01:49:56,020, that the right should be: 01:49:56,021 (rounded).
The real purpose is that if I increase the milliseconds, even reaching rounds the seconds.
Example: (I want to increase 500 microseconds)
If the Input: 00:01:48,557, the Output should be: 00:01:49,057
The code of the program in Java (working good) is:
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss,SSS");
System.out.print("Input the time: ");
t1 = in.next();
Date d = df.parse(t1);
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.setTime(d);
cal.add(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 500);//here increase the milliseconds (microseconds)
t2 = df.format(cal.getTime());
System.out.print("The Output (+500): "+t2);
I don't know if exists in Python something like SimpleDateFormat (in Java).
As to addition, you can add 500ms to your datetime object, using a timedelta object:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
t1 = datetime.utcnow()
t2 = t1 + timedelta(milliseconds=500)
So as long as you're working with datetime objects instead of strings, you can easily do all the time-operations you'd like.
So we're left with the question of how to format the time when you want to display it.
As you pointed out, the [:-3]-trick seems to be the common solution, and seems to me it should work fine. If you really care about rounding correctly to the closest round millisecond, you can use the following "rounding trick":
You must have seen this trick in the past, for floats:
def round(x):
return int(x + 0.5)
The same idea (i.e. adding 0.5) can also be applied to datetimes:
def format_dt(t):
tr = t + timedelta(milliseconds=0.5)
return tr.strftime('%H:%M:%S,%f')[:-3]
You can round of digits using decimal
from decimal import Decimal
ts = datetime.utcnow()
sec = Decimal(ts.strftime('%S.%f'))
print ts.strftime('%H:%M:')+str(round(sec, 3))
I am trying to create a filedate comparison routine. I suspect that the following is a rather clunky approach.
I had some difficulty finding info about timedelta's attributes or methods, or whatever they are called; hence, I measured the datetime difference below only in terms of days, minutes and seconds, and there is no list item representing years.
Any suggestions for an alternative, would be much appreciated.
import os
import datetime
from datetime import datetime
import sys
def datetime_filedif(filepath1e, filepath2e):
filelpath1 = str(filepath1e)
filepath1 = str(filepath1e)
filepath2 = str(filepath2e)
filepath1_lmdate = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(filepath1))
filepath2_lmdate = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(filepath2))
td_files = filepath2_lmdate - filepath1_lmdate #Time delta of the 2 filedates
td_list = [('td_files.days', td_files.days), ('td_hrs', int(str(td_files.seconds))/3600), ('td_minutes', (int(str(td_files.seconds))%3600)/60), ('td_seconds', (int(str(td_files.seconds))%3600)%60)]
print "Line 25: ", str(td_list)
return td_list
There is a solution for that already:
import os
modified_time = os.stat(path).st_mtime # time of most recent content modification
diff_time = os.stat(path_1).st_mtime - os.stat(path_2).st_mtime
Now you have the time in seconds since Epoch. why are you creating a new representation, you can create a deltatime or whatever from this, why invent a new format?