python re.sub replace number in match string - python

Replacing numbers in a string after the match.
t = 'String_BA22_FR22_BC'
re.sub(r'FR(\d{1,})','',t)
My desired output would be String_BA22_FR_BC

You may use
re.sub(r'FR\d+','FR',t)
Alternatively, you may capture the part you need to keep with a capturing group and replace with \1 backreference:
re.sub(r'(FR)\d+', r'\1', t)
^--^- >>>----^
See the Python demo
A capturing group approach is flexible as it allows patterns of unlimited length.

You are replacing what you match (in this case FR22) with an empty string.
Another option is to use a positive lookbehind an then match 1+ digits adn replace that match with an empty string:
(?<=FR)\d+
Regex demo | Python demo
For example:
re.sub(r'(?<=FR)\d+','',t)

Related

How to not capture a group in regex if it is followed by an another group

If I have a string eg.: 'hcto,231' or 'hcto.12' I want to be able to capture 'o,231' or 'o.12' and process it as a number ('hct' is random and any other string can replace it).
But I don't want to capture if the 'o' character if followed by a decimal number eg: 'wordo.23.12' or 'wordo,23,12'.
I've tried using the following regex:
([oO][.,][0-9]+)(?!([.,][0-9]+))
but it always matches.
In the string 'hcto.22.23' it matches the bold part, but I don't want it to match anything. Is there a way to combine groups so it won't match if the negative lookahead is true.
The match occurs in hcto.22.23 because the lookahead triggers backtracking, and since [0-9]+ match match a single 2 (it does not have to match 22) the match succeeds and returns a smaller, unexpected match:
It seems the simplest way to fix the current issue is to make the dot or comma pattern in the lookahead optional, and remove unnecessary groups:
[oO][.,]\d+(?![.,]?\d)
See the regex demo.
Details
[oO] - o or O
[.,] - a dot or comma
\d+ - one or more digits
(?![.,]?\d) - not followed with ./, and a digit, or just with a digit.

Python Regex: how to capture alternative groups with OR operator [duplicate]

Suppose I have the following regex that matches a string with a semicolon at the end:
\".+\";
It will match any string except an empty one, like the one below:
"";
I tried using this:
\".+?\";
But that didn't work.
My question is, how can I make the .+ part of the, optional, so the user doesn't have to put any characters in the string?
To make the .+ optional, you could do:
\"(?:.+)?\";
(?:..) is called a non-capturing group. It only does the matching operation and it won't capture anything. Adding ? after the non-capturing group makes the whole non-capturing group optional.
Alternatively, you could do:
\".*?\";
.* would match any character zero or more times greedily. Adding ? after the * forces the regex engine to do a shortest possible match.
As an alternative:
\".*\";
Try it here: https://regex101.com/r/hbA01X/1

How to match substring or whole string

In Python regex, how would I match only the facebook.com...777 substrings given either string? I don't want the ?sfnsn=mo at the end.
I have (?<=https://m\.)([^\s]+) to match everything after the https://m.. I also have (?=\?sfnsn) to match every thing in front of ?sfnsn.
How do I combine the regex to only return the facebook.com...777 part for either string.
have: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=123456789&id=7777777777?sfnsn=mo
want: facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=123456789&id=7777777777
have: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=123456789&id=7777777777
want: facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=123456789&id=7777777777
Here's what I was messing around with https://regex101.com/r/WYz5dn/2
(?<=https://m\.)([^\s]+)(?=\?sfnsn)
You could use a capturing group instead of a positive lookbehind and match either ?sfnsn or the end of the string.
https://m\.(\S*?)(?:\?sfnsn|$)
Regex demo
Using the lookarounds, the pattern could be:
(?<=https://m\.)\S*?(?=\?sfnsn|$)
Regex demo
Putting a ? at the end works, since the last grouped lookahead may or may not exist, we put a question mark after it:
(?<=https://m\.)([^\s]+)(?=\?sfnsn)?

unexpected result for python re.sub() with non-capturing character

I cannot understand the following output :
import re
re.sub(r'(?:\s)ff','fast-forward',' ff')
'fast-forward'
According to the documentation :
Return the string obtained by replacing the leftmost non-overlapping occurrences of the pattern in string by the replacement repl.
So why is the whitespace included in the captured occurence, and then replaced, since I added a non-capturing tag before it?
I would like to have the following output :
' fast-forward'
The non-capturing group still matches and consumes the matched text. Note that consuming means adding the matched text to the match value (memory buffer alotted for the whole matched substring) and the corresponding advancing of the regex index. So, (?:\s) puts the whitespace into the match value, and it is replaced with the ff.
You want to use a look-behind to check for a pattern without consuming it:
re.sub(r'(?<=\s)ff','fast-forward',' ff')
See the regex demo.
An alternative to this approach is using a capturing group around the part of the pattern one needs to keep and a replacement backreference in the replacement pattern:
re.sub(r'(\s)ff',r'\1fast-forward',' ff')
^ ^ ^^
Here, (\s) saves the whitespace in Group 1 memory buffer and \1 in the replacement retrieves it and adds to the replacement string result.
See the Python demo:
import re
print('"{}"'.format(re.sub(r'(?<=\s)ff','fast-forward',' ff')))
# => " fast-forward"
A non-capturing group still matches the pattern it contains. What you wanted to express was a look-behind, which does not match its pattern but simply asserts it is present before your match.
Although, if you are to use a look-behind for whitespace, you might want to consider using a word boundary metacharacter \b instead. It matches the empty string between a \w and a \W character, asserting that your pattern is at the beginning of a word.
import re
re.sub(r'\bff\b', 'fast-forward', ' ff') # ' fast-forward'
Adding a trailing \b will also make sure that you only match 'ff' if it is surrounded by whitespaces, not at the beginning of a word such as in 'ffoo'.
See the demo.

python regex match a group or not match it

I want to match the string:
from string as string
It may or may not contain as.
The current code I have is
r'(?ix) from [a-z0-9_]+ [as ]* [a-z0-9_]+'
But this code matches a single a or s. So something like from string a little will also be in the result.
I wonder what is the correct way of doing this.
You may use
(?i)from\s+[a-z0-9_]+\s+(?:as\s+)?[a-z0-9_]+
See the regex demo
Note that you use x "verbose" (free spacing) modifier, and all spaces in your pattern became formatting whitespaces that the re engine omits when parsing the pattern. Thus, I suggest using \s+ to match 1 or more whitespaces. If you really want to use single regular spaces, just omit the x modifier and use the regular space. If you need the x modifier to insert comments, escape the regular spaces:
r'(?ix) from\ [a-z0-9_]+\ (?:as\ )?[a-z0-9_]+'
Also, to match a sequence of chars, you need to use a grouping construct rather than a character class. Here, (?:as\s+)? defines an optional non-capturing group that matches 1 or 0 occurrences of as + space substring.

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