Develop Reference

Failed to log in to a website using the requests module

I'm trying to log in to a website through a python script that I've created using the requests module. I've issued a post HTTP request with appropriate parameters and headers to the server, but for some reason I get a different response from that site compared to what I see in dev tools. The status is always 200, though. There is also a get request in place within the script that should fetch the credentials once the login is successful. Currently, it throws a JSONDecodeError on the last line.
import requests
link = 'https://propwire.com/login'
check_url = 'https://propwire.com/search'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'referer': 'https://propwire.com/login',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,bn;q=0.8',
'origin': 'https://propwire.com',
}
payload = {"email":"some-email","password":"password","remember":"true"}
with requests.Session() as s:
r = s.get(link)
headers['x-xsrf-token'] = r.cookies['XSRF-TOKEN'].rstrip('%3D')
s.headers.update(headers)
s.post(link,json=payload)
res = s.get(check_url)
print(res.json()['props']['auth'])

Website not returning data that I want using beautifulsoup, but it shows up fine in my browser

I'm trying to scrape some data from this website but getting a 403 error. When I open it in my browser its not giving me the error. Help would be appreciated. This is my first time trying any web scraping. I think I need something different in my header? not sure. thanks
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import pandas as pd
pp_props_url = 'https://api.prizepicks.com/projections?league_id=7&per_page=250&single_stat=true'
headers = {
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Accept': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true',
'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin',
'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
'Referer': 'https://app.prizepicks.com/',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9'
}
url = 'https://api.prizepicks.com/projections'
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
print(r)
df = pd.json_normalize(r.json()['data'])
print(df)
I get a 403 error and its not returning the data I want.

The following code should work:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import pandas as pd
pp_props_url = 'https://api.prizepicks.com/projections?league_id=7&per_page=250&single_stat=true'
headers = {
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Accept': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true',
'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin',
'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
'Referer': 'https://app.prizepicks.com/',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9'
}
r = requests.get(pp_props_url, headers=headers)
print(r)
df = pd.json_normalize(r.json()['data'])
print(df)

Can't fetch json content from a stubborn webpage using scrapy

I'm trying to create a script using scrapy to grab json content from this webpage. I've used headers within the script accordingly but when I run it, I always end up getting JSONDecodeError. The site sometimes throws captcha but not always. However, I've never got any success using the script below even when I used vpn. How can I fix it?
This is how I've tried:
import scrapy
import urllib
class ImmobilienScoutSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "immobilienscout"
start_url = "https://www.immobilienscout24.de/Suche/de/nordrhein-westfalen/wohnung-kaufen"
headers = {
'accept': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
}
params = {
'price': '1000.0-',
'constructionyear': '-2000',
'pagenumber': '1'
}
def start_requests(self):
req_url = f'{self.start_url}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(self.params)}'
yield scrapy.Request(
url=req_url,
headers=self.headers,
callback=self.parse,
)
def parse(self,response):
yield {"response":response.json()}
This is how the output should look like (truncated):
{"searchResponseModel":{"additional":{"lastSearchApiUrl":"/region?realestatetype=apartmentbuy&price=1000.0-&constructionyear=-2000&pagesize=20&geocodes=1276010&pagenumber=1","title":"Eigentumswohnung in Nordrhein-Westfalen - ImmoScout24","sortingOptions":[{"description":"Standardsortierung","code":0},{"description":"Kaufpreis (höchste zuerst)","code":3},{"description":"Kaufpreis (niedrigste zuerst)","code":4},{"description":"Zimmeranzahl (höchste zuerst)","code":5},{"description":"Zimmeranzahl (niedrigste zuerst)","code":6},{"description":"Wohnfläche (größte zuerst)","code":7},{"description":"Wohnfläche (kleinste zuerst)","code":8},{"description":"Neubau-Projekte (Projekte zuerst)","code":31},{"description":"Aktualität (neueste zuerst)","code":2}],"pagerTemplate":"|Suche|de|nordrhein-westfalen|wohnung-kaufen?price=1000.0-&constructionyear=-2000&pagenumber=%page%","sortingTemplate":"|Suche|de|nordrhein-westfalen|wohnung-kaufen?price=1000.0-&constructionyear=-2000&sorting=%sorting%","world":"LIVING","international":false,"device":{"deviceType":"NORMAL","devicePlatform":"UNKNOWN","tablet":false,"mobile":false,"normal":true}
EDIT:
This is how the script built upon requests module looks like:
import requests
link = 'https://www.immobilienscout24.de/Suche/de/nordrhein-westfalen/wohnung-kaufen'
headers = {
'accept': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'referer': 'https://www.immobilienscout24.de/Suche/de/nordrhein-westfalen/wohnung-kaufen?price=1000.0-&constructionyear=-2000&pagenumber=1',
# 'cookie': 'hardcoded cookies'
}
params = {
'price': '1000.0-',
'constructionyear': '-2000',
'pagenumber': '2'
}
sess = requests.Session()
sess.headers.update(headers)
resp = sess.get(link,params=params)
print(resp.json())

Scrapy's CookiesMiddleware disregards 'cookie' passed in headers.
Reference: scrapy/scrapy#1992
Pass cookies explicitly:
yield scrapy.Request(
url=req_url,
headers=self.headers,
callback=self.parse,
# Add the following line:
cookies={k: v.value for k, v in http.cookies.SimpleCookie(self.headers.get('cookie', '')).items()},
),
Note: That site uses GeeTest CAPTCHA, which cannot be solved by simply rendering the page or using Selenium, so you still need to periodically update the hardcoded cookie (cookie name: reese84) taken from the browser, or use a service like 2Captcha.

Python program times-out when hitting this website

Why does this function fail to read XML from "https://www.seattletimes.com/feed/"?
I can visit the URL from my browser just fine. It also reads XML from other websites without a problem ("https://news.ycombinator.com/rss").
import urllib
def get_url(u):
header = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, headers=header)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
return response.read().decode('utf-8')
url = 'https://www.seattletimes.com/feed/'
feed = get_url(url)
print(feed)
The program times out every time.
Ideas?:
Maybe header need more info (Accept, etc.)?
EDIT1:
I replaced with the request header from the script with my browser header. Still no-go.
header = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36' }

I am not quite sure why but the header/user-agent was confusing the website. If you remove it your code works just fine. I've tried different header arguments without issues, the user-agent seems to be what causes that behaviour.
import urllib.request
def get_url(u):
request = urllib.request.Request(url=url)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
return response.read().decode('utf-8')
url = 'https://www.seattletimes.com/feed/'
feed = get_url(url)
print(feed)
After some debugging I have found a legal header combination (keep in mind I consider this a bug on their end):
header = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',
'Cookie': 'PHPSESSID=kfdkdofsdj99g36l443862qeq2',
'Accept-Language': "de-DE,de;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7",}

POST requests using cookie from session

I am trying to scrape a website using POST request to fill the form:
http://www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk/online-applications/search.do?action=advanced
in python, this goes as follow:
import requests
import webbrowser
headers = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Cookie': 'JSESSIONID=OwXG0Hkxj+X9ELygHZa-aLQ5.undefined; _ga=GA1.3.1911942552.',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Host': 'www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk',
'Origin': 'http://www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk',
'Referer': 'http://www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk/online-applications/search.do?action=advanced',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {
'searchCriteria.developmentType': '002',
'date(applicationReceivedStart)': '01/08/2000',
'date(applicationReceivedEnd)': '01/08/2018'
}
url = 'http://www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk/online-applications/advancedSearchResults.do?action=firstPage'
test_file = 'planning_app.html'
with requests.Session() as session:
r = session.post(url, headers = headers, data = data)
with open (test_file, 'w') as file:
file.write(r.text)
webbrowser.open(test_file)
As you can see from the page reopened with webbrowser, this gives an error of outdated cookie.
For this to work I would need to manually go to the webpage, perform a query while opening the inspect panel of google chrome on the network tab, look at the cookie in the requests header and copy paste the cookie in my code. This would work until of course the cookie is expired again.
I tried to automate that retrieval of the cookie by doing the following:
headers_get = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Host': 'www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36'
}
with requests.Session() as session:
c = session.get('http://www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk/online-applications/', headers = headers_get)
headers['Cookie'] = 'JSESSIONID=' + list(c.cookies.get_dict().values())[0]
r = session.post(url, headers = headers, data = data)
with open (test_file, 'w') as file:
file.write(r.text)
webbrowser.open(test_file)
I would expect this to work as it is simply automating what i do manually:
Go to the page of the GET request, get the cookie from it add said cookie to the headers dict of the POST request.
However I still receive the 'server error' page from the POST requests.
Anyone would be able to get an understanding of why this happen?

The requests.post accept cookies name parameter. Using it instead of sending cookies directly in header may fix the problem:
with requests.Session() as session:
c = session.get('http://www.planning2.cityoflondon.gov.uk/online- applications/', headers = headers_get)
# Also, you can set with cookies=session.cookies
r = session.post(url, headers = headers, data = data, cookies=c.cookies)
Basically I suppose there may be some javascript logic on the site, which isn't executed with the use of requests.post. If that's the case, to resolve that you have to use selenium for filling and submitting form.
Please see Dynamic Data Web Scraping with Python, BeautifulSoup which has similar problem - javascript not executed.