How to bind to everything within a frame - python

I am trying to bind a double click command, to a frame, but I want the command to bind to everything within the frame, not just the frame itself (want to bind to all child elements of the frame)
Here is how I tried to bind a command to a frame
from tkinter import *
class CustomFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
super(CustomFrame, self).__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
label = Label(self, text="Click Me", bg="red")
label.place(width=50, height=50, x=25, y=25)
self.configure(width=100, height=100)
class window(Tk):
def __init__(self):
super(window, self).__init__()
self.geometry("200x200")
self.resizable(False, False)
frame = CustomFrame(self, bg="green")
frame.place(x=30, y=30)
frame.bind('<Double-Button-1>', lambda e: print("testing")) # binding the command here
if __name__ == '__main__':
window = window()
window.mainloop()
How would I make it so the "click me" Label is bound to the same command, and all child elements too.

#HenryYik helped answer my own question with the .winfo_children() method
If making a CustomFrame, you can make a.bind_frame() command of the Frame to bind to all children of your CustomFrame like this:
class CustomFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
super(CustomFrame, self).__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
label = Label(self, text="Click Me", bg="red")
label.place(width=50, height=50, x=25, y=25)
self.configure(width=100, height=100)
def bind_frame(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
self.bind(sequence, func, add)
for child in self.winfo_children():
child.bind(sequence, func, add)

Related

How to access methods from a parent class which enables the frame swapping?

This is the window provides the container and methods which allow frame swapping:
class Login_Window(ctk.CTk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.geometry('400x400')
self.title('Music Mayhem')
self.resizable(False, False)
container = ctk.CTkFrame(master=self)
container.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames={}
for F in (LoginFrame, RegEmailFrame):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky= 'nsew')
frame.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
frame.grid_rowconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.show_frame(LoginFrame)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
In order to swap the frames, a button has to be created in the frame that is going to be swapped. How would i go about creating an instance of another class within these frames which will also call the show_frame method? Here is the code for the frames- this could be ran as long as you have tkinter and custom tkinter installed. The only aspect that should supposedly not work are the buttons in the menu frame.
Yes, in this situation the menu frame is not needed but this is just a simple example because the actual code is way too long to be included here.
I have tried adding the menu frame into the list of frames to be swapped (in the class above) and giving it the same parent and controller attributes as the other frame but that required a parent and controller argument to be passed through when it is called in the Login and Register frames.
Is there a way to get round this or a simpler method that could be implemented instead?
class LoginFrame (tk.Frame):
def __init__(self,parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.menu = Menu(self)
self.menu.grid(row=0, column=0)
self.loginBtn = ctk.CTkButton(master=self, width=100, height = 20,text='Login',
state='normal',
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(RegEmailFrame)
self.loginBtn.grid(row=1, column=0)
class RegEmailFrame(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller,header_name="Register Email"):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.menu = Menu(self)
self.menu.grid(row=0, column=0)
self.emailLabel = ctk.CtKLabel(master=self,width=100, height=20 text='Frame swapped')
self.emailLabel.grid(row=1, column=0)
class Menu(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, header_name="Logo Frame",
width=175, height=175,**kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, width=width, height=height, **kwargs)
self.menuloginBtn = ctk.CTkButton(master=self, width=100, height = 20,text='Login',
state='normal',
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(LoginFrame)
self.menuloginBtn.grid(row=0, column=0)
self.menuRegBtn = ctk.CTkButton(master=self, width=100, height = 20,text='Login',
state='normal',
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(RegEmailFrame)
self.menuRegBtn.grid(row=1, column=0)
In the current implementation, the Menu class does not have access to the controller object that is used to switch between frames in the Login_Window class. One way to fix this would be to pass the controller object to the Menu class during instantiation.
You can do this by adding a parameter called controller in the Menu class constructor and then passing it as an argument when creating an instance of the Menu class in the LoginFrame and RegEmailFrame classes.
For example, in the LoginFrame class:
def __init__(self,parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.menu = Menu(self, controller)
self.menu.grid(row=0, column=0)
And in the Menu class constructor:
def __init__(self, parent, controller, *args, header_name="Logo Frame",
width=175, height=175,**kwargs):
super().__init__(parent, *args, width=width, height=height, **kwargs)
self.controller = controller
With this changes, the Menu class now has access to the controller object and can use it to switch between frames using the show_frame method.
You should also make the same changes in the RegEmailFrame class and in the constructor of the Menu class.
Hope this helps!

Python tkinter Frame with multiple widgets within another Frame

I'd like to position one of my python tkinter Frames (ButtonWindow) within my other Frame (MainWindow), so that when I run the app the widgets in ButtonWindow are present in MainWindow along with the MainWindow widget.
In the code below the Buttons from ButtonWindow are present along with the MainWindow Label, but the ButtonWindow Label is missing.
I looked at the answers in Frame inside another frame In python Tkinter and tried to set the background to purple to understand where the borders of ButtonWindow actually are, but I can't see any purple?
Thanks for any help!
import tkinter as tk
class ButtonWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.bd = 5
self.bg = "purple"
self.label = tk.Label(text="Button window", font=12)
for i in range(3):
self.button = ttk.Button(text="button", command= lambda: button_fun())
self.button.pack(side = tk.LEFT)
def button_fun(self):
pass
class MainWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.label = tk.Label(text="Main Window", font=12)
self.label.pack(pady=10,padx=10)
self.button_window = ButtonWindow()
self.button_window.pack()
app = MainWindow()
app.mainloop()
It is better to specify the parent of widgets when creating them, otherwise they will be children of root window.
Also you have never called any layout function on the "Button window" label so it is not visible.
self.bd = 5 and self.bg = "purple" will not change the border width and the background color. Use self.config(bd=5, bg="purple") instead.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
class ButtonWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
self.config(bd=5, bg="purple") # replace self.bd = 5 and self.bg = "purple"
self.label = tk.Label(self, text="Button window", font=12, fg='white', bg='purple') # specify parent
self.label.pack() # pack the label, otherwise it is not visible
for i in range(3):
self.button = ttk.Button(self, text="button", command=self.button_fun) # specify parent
self.button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
def button_fun(self):
pass
class MainWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
self.label = tk.Label(self, text="Main Window", font=12) # specify parent
self.label.pack(pady=10, padx=10)
self.button_window = ButtonWindow(self) # specify parent
self.button_window.pack()
root = tk.Tk() # create root window explicitly
MainWindow(root).pack()
root.mainloop()
Also I have changed command=lambda: button_fun() to command=self.button_fun. The former one will raise exception when any of the buttons is clicked.
If I understood correctly what you want is create a Main Frame with another frame inside it which include 3 buttons.
In this case, I changed a little bit your code to do that. One of the changes was replace the tk.Label for the tk.LabelFrame (This corrects the Label that was missing in the ButtonWindow as you stated).
The second change that I suggest is to pass the MainFrame to the ButtonWindow as a parent frame. To do this I created the myCoreFrame inside the MainWindowclass. Also, for all widgets I've set a parent frame.
import tkinter as tk
class ButtonWindow():
def __init__(self, Frame, *args, **kwargs):
self.label = tk.LabelFrame(Frame, text="Button window", font=12, bg = "purple")
self.label.pack()
for i in range(3):
self.button = tk.Button(self.label, text="button", command= lambda: button_fun())
self.button.pack(side = tk.LEFT)
def button_fun(self):
pass
class MainWindow():
def __init__(self, window, *args, **kwargs):
myCoreFrame = tk.Frame(window)
myCoreFrame.pack()
self.label = tk.LabelFrame(myCoreFrame, text="Main Window", font=12, bg = "red")
self.label.pack(pady=10,padx=10)
self.button_window = ButtonWindow(self.label)
root = tk.Tk()
app = MainWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
The problem is that you aren't putting the labels and buttons inside frames. You need to explicitly set the frame as the parent of the button and label. If you don't, the widgets become children of the root window.
class ButtonWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...
self.label = tk.Label(self, text="Button window", font=12)
# ^^^^^^
for i in range(3):
self.button = ttk.Button(self, text="button", command= lambda: button_fun())
# ^^^^^^
...
class MainWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...
self.label = tk.Label(self, text="Main Window", font=12)
# ^^^^^
self.label.pack(pady=10,padx=10)
self.button_window = ButtonWindow(self)
# ^^^^
...

How can I make a tkinter Toplevel window dependent on another Toplevel window

If I create a Toplevel popup window in a tkinter application, when I close the main root window all sub windows are closed.
With the following code, if I open up two successive Toplevel windows, I can close "Window One" but "Window Two" stays open.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("600x300")
root.title("Main Window")
app = Application(root)
app.mainloop()
def window_one():
window_one = WindowOne()
window_one.geometry("450x200")
window_one.title('Window One')
def window_two():
window_two = WindowTwo()
window_two.geometry("200x100")
window_two.title('Window Two')
class Application(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master= None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master = master)
self.pack()
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text = "Click Here", command = window_one)
button1.pack()
class WindowOne(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master= None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master = master)
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text = "Click Here", command = window_two)
button1.pack()
class WindowTwo(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master= None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master = master)
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text = "$$$")
button1.pack()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
How can I code this to make Window Two dependent on Window One so that if I close "Window One", "Window Two" also closes, mimicking the behaviour of the main root window?
You can make Window One the parent of Window Two:
def window_two(parent):
window_two = WindowTwo(parent) # pass parent to WindowTwo
window_two.geometry("200x100")
window_two.title('Window Two')
...
class WindowOne(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master= None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master = master)
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text = "Click Here", command = lambda: window_two(self)) # pass self to `window_two()`
button1.pack()
Update: if you want to close Window One when Window Two is closed, you can use self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", ...):
class WindowTwo(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master= None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master = master)
self.create_widgets()
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_destroy)
def create_widgets(self):
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text = "$$$")
button1.pack()
def on_destroy(self):
self.master.destroy() # close parent window
self.destroy() # close itself
or bind <Destroy> event to a callback to close the parent window:
class WindowTwo(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master= None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master = master)
self.create_widgets()
self.bind("<Destroy>", self.on_destroy)
def create_widgets(self):
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text = "$$$")
button1.pack()
def on_destroy(self, event):
self.master.destroy() # close parent window

Widgets are not showing up in simple tkinter app

I've looked at other question with a similar title and have read the answers, however nothing has worked for me. I am trying to make a simple app with a listbox + scroll bar with two buttons below it all within a group box. I've used pyqt but this is my first time using tkinter:
import tkinter as tk
class InputWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.initialize()
def initialize(self):
# Group box to contain the widgets
self.input = tk.LabelFrame(self, text="Input Files")
# Listbox with scrollbar to the side
self.listbox = tk.Listbox(self.input)
self.scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.listbox, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
self.listbox.config(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set)
self.scrollbar.config(command=self.listbox.yview)
self.listbox.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2)
self.add_btn = tk.Button(self.input, text="Add...")
self.add_btn.grid(row=1, column=0)
self.remove_btn = tk.Button(self.input, text="Remove")
self.remove_btn.grid(row=1, column=1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = InputWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
This is more or less what I want but in tkinter:
What am I doing wrong/how can this be done?
You're forgetting two things:
To pack (or grid or place) app
To pack (or grid or place) input
You're program with the required statements:
import tkinter as tk
class InputWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.initialize()
def initialize(self):
# Group box to contain the widgets
self.input = tk.LabelFrame(self, text="Input Files")
# Listbox with scrollbar to the side
self.listbox = tk.Listbox(self.input)
self.scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(self.listbox, orient=tk.VERTICAL)
self.listbox.config(yscrollcommand=self.scrollbar.set)
self.scrollbar.config(command=self.listbox.yview)
self.listbox.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2)
self.add_btn = tk.Button(self.input, text="Add...")
self.add_btn.grid(row=1, column=0)
self.remove_btn = tk.Button(self.input, text="Remove")
self.remove_btn.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.input.pack(expand=1, fill="both") # Do not forget to pack!
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = InputWindow(root)
app.pack(expand=1, fill="both") # packing!
root.mainloop()

How can I open a new window when the user clicks the button?

How would I create a new window when the user clicks a button (still needs creating)? I have took some code out to make this shorter. I need a button creating and when they hit that button, a new window opens. I haven't created the button because the button has to be linked to the new window. Please help
My imports...
class App:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
# call start to initialize to create the UI elemets
self.start()
def start(self):
self.master.title("E-mail Extranalyser")
self.now = datetime.datetime.now()
tkinter.Label(
self.master, text=label01).grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tkinter.W)
# CREATE A TEXTBOX
self.filelocation = tkinter.Entry(self.master)
self.filelocation["width"] = 60
self.filelocation.focus_set()
self.filelocation.grid(row=0, column=1)
# CREATE A BUTTON WITH "ASK TO OPEN A FILE"
# see: def browse_file(self)
self.open_file = tkinter.Button(
self.master, text="Browse...", command=self.browse_file)
# put it beside the filelocation textbox
self.open_file.grid(row=0, column=2)
# now for a button
self.submit = tkinter.Button(
self.master, text="Execute!", command=self.start_processing,
fg="red")
self.submit.grid(row=13, column=1, sticky=tkinter.W)
def start_processing(self):
#code here
def browse_file(self):
# put the result in self.filename
self.filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(title="Open a file...")
# this will set the text of the self.filelocation
self.filelocation.insert(0, self.filename)
root = tkinter.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()
Use a Toplevel to open a new one. Modify your code as shown below.
self.NewWindow = tkinter.Button(self.master,
text="New Window",
command=self.CreateNewWindow)
def CreateNewWindow(self):
self.top = tkinter.Toplevel()
self.top.title("title")
Take a look at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBUpjijYtCk. Working through this tutorial would probably help you but this specific video shows how to work with multiple pages.
Something like this:
from tkinter import *
class Sample(Tk):
def __init__(self,*args, **kwargs):
Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
container = Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand = True)
self.frames = {}
for F in (MainPage, OtherPage):
frame=F(container, self)
self.frames[F]=frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(MainPage)
def show_frame(self, page):
frame = self.frames[page]
frame.tkraise()
class MainPage(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
Label(self, text="Start Page").pack()
Button(self, text="other page?", command=lambda:controller.show_frame(OtherPage)).pack()
class OtherPage(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
Label(self, text="Next Page").pack()
Button(self, text="back", command=lambda:controller.show_frame(MainPage)).pack()
app = Sample()
app.mainloop()

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