I'm trying to install Certbot on my macOS machine (10.14.4) to generate a certificate, but as usual, some Homebrew errors are standing in the way.
After running, brew update and brew install certbot, I tried a command based on sudo certbot certonly -a manual -d example.com --email your#email.com, but I get sudo: certbot: command not found. I also tried brew upgrade.
brew doctor shows:
Warning: The following directories do not exist:
/usr/local/sbin
You should create these directories and change their ownership to your account.
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/sbin
Warning: You have unlinked kegs in your Cellar.
Leaving kegs unlinked can lead to build-trouble and cause brews that depend on
those kegs to fail to run properly once built. Run `brew link` on these:
python#2
python
brew link python returns Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3... Error: Permission denied # dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks.
For some reason, it looks like I have 2 versions of Python installed now and I don't want to run any of the commands that Homebrew suggests until I know I need to. python --version returns Python 2.7.10.
Should I uninstall one of my Pythons? Is one of them the system version or is that a third installation somewhere else? Which one should I symlink and how do I get the certbot command working? Thanks in advance
sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks
sudo chmod 1777
then
brew link python3
this will install your python3 on your mac
i would not deinstall python 2.7 because there are still a lot of scripts depends on python 2.7!
Related
I have the problem that when I run my code on a linux server I get:
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sqlite3'
So after researching, I found out sqlite3 was supposed to have been installed when I installed python, however it didn't.
I think the problem comes from the way I installed python. Since I do not have sudo permissions, I installed python3.7 in a local directory using: This guide.
All solutions to this sqlite3 problem that I can find requires sudo commands.
Is there another way that I can install python3.7 together with sqlite3 in my local Linux directory without using any sudo commands?
I hope I have stated my question clearly and I would appreciate all the help I can get. Thank you!
While installing a python package in a Linux system without "sudo" privileges you can use
For Python 3
pip3 install --user pysqlite3
You can install any third party packages with the same method
pip3 install --user PACKAGE_NAME
The --user flag to pip install tells Pip to install packages in some specific directories within your home directory. For more information click here.
Hope it helps !
The solution is to first build sqlite3 into a user directory and then build python using that directory's libraries and include headers. In particular, #Ski has answered a similar question regarding python 2, which can be adopted to python 3:
$ mkdir -p ~/applications/src
$ cd ~/applications/src
$ # Download and build sqlite 3 (you might want to get a newer version)
$ wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-autoconf-3070900.tar.gz
$ tar xvvf sqlite-autoconf-3070900.tar.gz
$ cd sqlite-autoconf-3070900
$ ./configure --prefix=~/applications
$ make
$ make install
$ # Now download and build python 2, same works for python 3
$ cd ~/applications/src
$ wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5.2/Python-2.5.2.tgz
$ tar xvvf Python-2.5.2.tgz
$ cd Python-2.5.2
$ ./configure --prefix=~/applications
$ make
$ make install
$ ~/applications/bin/python
Alternatively, if you already have to specify a different --prefix for some reason (this has happened to me with pyenv), use LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS when configuring python build:
$ ./configure LDFLAGS=-L/home/user/applications/lib/ CPPFLAGS=-I/home/user/applications/include/
On my Debian system, I removed /usr/bin/python and /usr/bin/python2.7 by accident. Then I tried to remove all of Python entirely with the apt-get remove command and installed it again. Unfortunately, /usr/bin/python was not created again as I expected.
As a result, the python command cannot be run anymore. So I would like to recover the /usr/bin/python2.7 on the OS level.
Moreover, when I restart the Debian system, even the GNOME GUI can't be launched anymore; only the tty terminal 8 was available, almost certainly because of the absence of /usr/bin/python.
/usr/bin/python is part of the python-minimal package and /usr/bin/python2.7 is contained in python2.7-minimal, reinstall those packages:
$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-minimal python2.7-minimal
You can always ask your package manager what package to reinstall, dpkg -S lets you search for what package owns a given file:
$ dpkg --help | grep -- -S
-S|--search <pattern> ... Find package(s) owning file(s).
$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7
python-minimal: /usr/bin/python
python2.7-minimal: /usr/bin/python2.7
or you can use the Debian package web interface.
If apt-get install still fails with errors, then the package scripts could well be requiring Python to still work. Your next step is to then download the .deb files manually and copy those into place until you can run the apt-get install.
Determine your system architecture:
$ dpkg --print-architecture
amd64
then visit the python2.7-minimal and python-minimal package pages; on each page click on the matching architecture link under the Download header. You are taken to a list of mirrors. Download a copy of the .deb files from a suitable mirror or copy the URL to use curl -O <url> to download it directly to your affected computer.
Then unpack those files with:
$ mkdir /tmp/rescue
$ dpkg-deb -x python-minimal_*.deb rescue
$ dpkg-deb -x python2.7-minimal_*_amd64.deb rescue
You can now copy the required files from /tmp/rescue/usr/bin to your system.
I am trying to install the GSSAPI module through pip but I receive this error that I don't know how to resolve.
Could not find main GSSAPI shared library. Please try setting
GSSAPI_MAIN_LIB yourself or setting ENABLE_SUPPORT_DETECTION to
'false'
I need this to work on Python 2.6 for LDAP3 authentication.
Summary, for the impatient
$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/krb5-config.mit /usr/bin/krb5-config
$ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip libkrb5-dev
$ sudo pip install gssapi
And now the details...
I have a Debian system that uses Heimdal Kerberos. I'll take you through what I had to do to get it working for me. Hopefully, this can help someone else as well.
Problem 1 - krb5-config: command not found
setup.py for gssapi uses the krb5-config command to find the GSSAPI library to link against (see here). Because my system was installed using Heimdal instead of MIT Kerberos, the executable command has been renamed to krb5-config.mit so setup.py misses it.
$ krb5-config --libs gssapi # doesn't work
bash: krb5-config: command not found
I created a symlink to get it to work for the install:
$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/krb5-config.mit /usr/bin/krb5-config
$ krb5-config --libs gssapi # does work
-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mit-krb5 -Wl,-z,relro -lgssapi_krb5 -lkrb5 -lk5crypto -lcom_err
Problem 2 - libgssapi_krb5.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
setup.py is looking in /usr/lib for the gssapi library to link against. In Debian Jesse, most libs are now kept in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu. Again, a symlink can fix this:
$ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so
Problem 3 - error: unknown type name ‘gss_key_value_set_desc’
The build fails because it does not recognize a symbol in the library. The reason for this is that it was not able to get the right header file. Silly me, I forgot to include the -dev package for krb5 headers. Fix this with apt-get:
$ sudo apt-get install libkrb5-dev
Finally - Install gssapi
Now we should be all ready to go.
$ sudo pip install gssapi
If you want to tidy up, you can remove the symlink to the krb5-config.mit command:
$ sudo rm /usr/bin/krb5-config
sudo apt install libkrb5-dev
actually installs /usr/bin/krb5-config and /usr/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so
so none of the symlinking was needed, just install libkrb5-dev and you should be good.
For me, the issue got resolved after installing the package "krb5-libs" in Centos.
Basically we need to have libgssapi_krb5.so file for installing gssapi.
I am new in centos.I am try to do an application on it.For my application I need to install python 2.7.But the default one on server was python 2.6. So tried to upgrade the version .And accidentally I deleted the folder /usr/bin/python.After that I Installed python 2.7 through make install.I created the folder again /usr/bin/python and run command sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python. After this when I tried to run YUM commands I am getting the error
-bash: /usr/bin/yum: /usr/bin/python: bad interpreter: Permission denied
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Mar 8 00:19 python
this is permission showing for the directory /usr/bin/python
CentOS requires that /usr/bin/python be pointed to Python 2.6, not any other version. Run the following commands:
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python
to at least fix that part of it. Next time you're building Python, use the defaults and install it to /usr/local/bin, not /usr/bin. That's what the /usr/local hierarchy is for - user-installed programs. /usr and /usr/bin should only be for system-installed programs (such as those installed by yum or its graphical equivalents), and you should keep out unless you know what you're doing. To use identically-named programs in /usr/local/bin instead of their counterparts in /usr/bin, open your ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile (whichever your system uses) and add the following as the last line:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
Restart your shell session, and you should be all set.
yum doesn't work with python2.7.
You should do the following
vim /usr/bin/yum
change
#!/usr/bin/python
to
#!/usr/bin/python2.6
If your python2.6 was deleted, then reinstall them and point the directory in /usr/bin/yum to your python2.6 directory.
It is very simple; because the Python package was removed, the yum command won't work.
Please use below link to install packages:
Go to Link and download python package
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/python27/python27-1.1-26.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh python27-1.1-26.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Then yum will work.
this problem is that yum file start head write #!/usr/local/bin/python2.6， write binary file， is not dir， is python binary file
Resolution for CentOs 7:
dnf reinstall python-2.7.5-92.el7_9.x86_64
dnf reinstall yum
Remove python3 first using dnf if it is installed already.
-bash: /usr/bin/yum: /usr/bin/python: bad interpreter: Permission denied then
first remove python follow command line
-- sudo rpm -e python
second check which package install this command line
-- sudo rpm -q python
then install package
-- sudo yum install python*
i think this problem solve
Am on Debian 5, I've been trying to install cx_oracle module for python without any success. First, I installed oracle-xe-client and its dependency (followed tutorial in the following link here).
Then, I used the scripts in /usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/client/bin to populate environment variables such as PATH, ORACLE_HOME and NLS_LANG.
Once, this was completed, I tried to run:
sudo easy_install cx_oracle
But I keep getting the following error:
Searching for cx-oracle
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/cx_oracle/
Reading http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net
Reading http://starship.python.net/crew/atuining
Best match: cx-Oracle 5.0.4
Downloading http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/cx-oracle/cx_Oracle-5.0.4.tar.gz?download
Processing cx_Oracle-5.0.4.tar.gz
Running cx_Oracle-5.0.4/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-xsylvG/cx_Oracle-5.0.4/egg-dist-tmp-8KoqIx
error: cannot locate an Oracle software installation
Any idea what I missed here?
The alternate way, that doesn't require RPMs. You need to be root.
Dependencies
Install the following packages:
apt-get install python-dev build-essential libaio1
Download Instant Client for Linux x86-64
Download the following files from Oracle's download site:
Extract the zip files
Unzip the downloaded zip files to some directory, I'm using:
/opt/ora/
Add environment variables
Create a file in /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh that includes
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora/instantclient_11_2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
Create a file in /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf that includes
/opt/ora/instantclient_11_2
Execute the following command
sudo ldconfig
Note: you may need to reboot to apply settings
Create a symlink
cd $ORACLE_HOME
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
Install cx_Oracle python package
You may install using pip
pip install cx_Oracle
Or install manually
Download the cx_Oracle source zip that corresponds with your Python and Oracle version. Then expand the archive, and run from the extracted directory:
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
I recommend that you grab the rpm files and install them with alien. That way, you can later on run apt-get purge no-longer-needed.
In my case, the only env variable I needed is LD_LIBRARY_PATH, so I did:
echo export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
I suppose in your case that path variable will be /usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/client/lib.
The following worked for me, both on mac and Linux. This one command should download needed additional files, without need need to set environment variables.
python -m pip install cx_Oracle --pre
Note, the --pre option is for development and pre-release of the Oracle driver. As of this posting, it was grabbing cx_Oracle-6.0rc1.tar.gz, which was needed. (I'm using python 3.6)
Thx Burhan Khalid, I overlooked your "You need to be root" quote, but found the way when you are not the root here.
At point 7 you need to use:
sudo env ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME python setup.py install
Or
sudo env ORACLE_HOME=/path/to/instantclient python setup.py install
Thanks Burhan Khalid. Your advice to make a a soft link make my installation finally work.
To recap:
You need both the basic version and the SDK version of instant client
You need to set both LD_LIBRARY_PATH and ORACLE_HOME
You need to create a soft link (ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so in my case)
None of this is documented anywhere, which is quite unbelievable and quite frustrating. I spent over 3 hours yesterday with failed builds because I didn't know to create a soft link.
I think it may be the sudo has no access to get ORACLE_HOME.You can do like this.
sudo visudo
modify the text add
Defaults env_keep += "ORACLE_HOME"
then
sudo python setup.py build install
Alternatively you can install the cx_Oracle module without the PIP using the following steps
Download the source from here https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cx_Oracle
[cx_Oracle-6.1.tar.gz ]
Extract the tar using the following commands (Linux)
gunzip cx_Oracle-6.1.tar.gz
tar -xf cx_Oracle-6.1.tar
cd cx_Oracle-6.1
Build the module
python setup.py build
Install the module
python setup.py install
This just worked for me on Ubuntu 16:
Download ('instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip' and 'instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip') from Oracle web site and then do following script (you can do piece by piece and I did as a ROOT):
apt-get install -y python-dev build-essential libaio1
mkdir -p /opt/ora/
cd /opt/ora/
## Now put 2 ZIP files:
# ('instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip' and 'instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip')
# into /opt/ora/ and unzip them -> both will be unzipped into 1 directory: /opt/ora/instantclient_12_2
rm -rf /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora/instantclient_12_2" >> /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME" >> /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
chmod 777 /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
source /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
env | grep -i ora # This will check current ENVIRONMENT settings for Oracle
rm -rf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf
echo "/opt/ora/instantclient_12_2" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf
ldconfig
cd $ORACLE_HOME
ls -lrth libclntsh* # This will show which version of 'libclntsh' you have... --> needed for following line:
ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so
pip install cx_Oracle # Maybe not needed but I did it anyway (only pip install cx_Oracle without above steps did not work for me...)
Your python scripts are now ready to use 'cx_Oracle'... Enjoy!
This worked for me
python -m pip install cx_Oracle --upgrade
For details refer to the oracle quick start guide
https://cx-oracle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#quick-start-cx-oracle-installation
If you are trying to install in MAC , just unzip the Oracle client which you downloaded and place it into the folder where you written python scripts.
it will start working.
There is too much problem of setting up environmental variables.
It worked for me.
Hope this helps.
Thanks
Try to reinstall it with the following code:
!pip install --proxy http://username:windowspwd#10.200.72.2:8080 --upgrade --force-reinstall cx_Oracle
If you require to install a specific version of cx_Oracle, like 7.3 which was the last version with support for Python 2, you can do the following:
python -m pip install cx_Oracle==7.3