Python urllib.request.urlopen: AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'data' - python

I am using Python 3 and trying to connect to dstk. I am getting an error with urllib package.
I researched a lot on SO and could not find anything similar to this problem.
api_url = self.api_base+'/street2coordinates'
api_body = json.dumps(addresses)
#api_url=api_url.encode("utf-8")
#api_body=api_body.encode("utf-8")
print(type(api_url))
response_string = six.moves.urllib.request.urlopen(api_url, api_body).read()
response = json.loads(response_string)
If I do not encode the api_url and api_body I get the below:
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 1247, in do_request_
raise TypeError(msg)
TypeError: POST data should be bytes, an iterable of bytes, or a file object. It cannot be of type str.
However if I try and encode them to utf-8 (uncommenting the lines) then I get the below error:
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 514, in open
req.data = data
AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'data'
This seems like a circular error for me and I am not able to resolve it. I did try make to solutions from SO regards to change it to json.load etc but nothing seems to work.

You are encoding both the url and the request body, but only the body should be encoded.
This ought to work:
api_url = self.api_base+'/street2coordinates'
api_body = json.dumps(addresses)
api_body=api_body.encode("utf-8")
response_string = six.moves.urllib.request.urlopen(api_url, api_body).read()
response = json.loads(response_string)
urlopen's arguments are passed to another class to create an opener, and this class does not know whether it has been passed a url or a Request instance. So it checks whether the "url" is a string - if the "url" is a string, it creates a Request, if not it assumes that "url" is a Request instance and tries to set its data attribute, causing the exception that you are seeing.
The code in question is here.

Related

How can i parse a json response? [duplicate]

I am getting error Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0) when trying to decode JSON.
The URL I use for the API call works fine in the browser, but gives this error when done through a curl request. The following is the code I use for the curl request.
The error happens at return simplejson.loads(response_json)
response_json = self.web_fetch(url)
response_json = response_json.decode('utf-8')
return json.loads(response_json)
def web_fetch(self, url):
buffer = StringIO()
curl = pycurl.Curl()
curl.setopt(curl.URL, url)
curl.setopt(curl.TIMEOUT, self.timeout)
curl.setopt(curl.WRITEFUNCTION, buffer.write)
curl.perform()
curl.close()
response = buffer.getvalue().strip()
return response
Traceback:
File "/Users/nab/Desktop/myenv2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
111. response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/Users/nab/Desktop/pricestore/pricemodels/views.py" in view_category
620. apicall=api.API().search_parts(category_id= str(categoryofpart.api_id), manufacturer = manufacturer, filter = filters, start=(catpage-1)*20, limit=20, sort_by='[["mpn","asc"]]')
File "/Users/nab/Desktop/pricestore/pricemodels/api.py" in search_parts
176. return simplejson.loads(response_json)
File "/Users/nab/Desktop/myenv2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/simplejson/__init__.py" in loads
455. return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "/Users/nab/Desktop/myenv2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/simplejson/decoder.py" in decode
374. obj, end = self.raw_decode(s)
File "/Users/nab/Desktop/myenv2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/simplejson/decoder.py" in raw_decode
393. return self.scan_once(s, idx=_w(s, idx).end())
Exception Type: JSONDecodeError at /pricemodels/2/dir/
Exception Value: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
Your code produced an empty response body, you'd want to check for that or catch the exception raised. It is possible the server responded with a 204 No Content response, or a non-200-range status code was returned (404 Not Found, etc.). Check for this.
Note:
There is no need to use simplejson library, the same library is included with Python as the json module.
There is no need to decode a response from UTF8 to unicode, the simplejson / json .loads() method can handle UTF8 encoded data natively.
pycurl has a very archaic API. Unless you have a specific requirement for using it, there are better choices.
Either the requests or httpx offers much friendlier APIs, including JSON support. If you can, replace your call with:
import requests
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status() # raises exception when not a 2xx response
if response.status_code != 204:
return response.json()
Of course, this won't protect you from a URL that doesn't comply with HTTP standards; when using arbirary URLs where this is a possibility, check if the server intended to give you JSON by checking the Content-Type header, and for good measure catch the exception:
if (
response.status_code != 204 and
response.headers["content-type"].strip().startswith("application/json")
):
try:
return response.json()
except ValueError:
# decide how to handle a server that's misbehaving to this extent
Be sure to remember to invoke json.loads() on the contents of the file, as opposed to the file path of that JSON:
json_file_path = "/path/to/example.json"
with open(json_file_path, 'r') as j:
contents = json.loads(j.read())
I think a lot of people are guilty of doing this every once in a while (myself included):
contents = json.load(json_file_path)
Check the response data-body, whether actual data is present and a data-dump appears to be well-formatted.
In most cases your json.loads- JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0) error is due to :
non-JSON conforming quoting
XML/HTML output (that is, a string starting with <), or
incompatible character encoding
Ultimately the error tells you that at the very first position the string already doesn't conform to JSON.
As such, if parsing fails despite having a data-body that looks JSON like at first glance, try replacing the quotes of the data-body:
import sys, json
struct = {}
try:
try: #try parsing to dict
dataform = str(response_json).strip("'<>() ").replace('\'', '\"')
struct = json.loads(dataform)
except:
print repr(resonse_json)
print sys.exc_info()
Note: Quotes within the data must be properly escaped
With the requests lib JSONDecodeError can happen when you have an http error code like 404 and try to parse the response as JSON !
You must first check for 200 (OK) or let it raise on error to avoid this case.
I wish it failed with a less cryptic error message.
NOTE: as Martijn Pieters stated in the comments servers can respond with JSON in case of errors (it depends on the implementation), so checking the Content-Type header is more reliable.
Check encoding format of your file and use corresponding encoding format while reading file. It will solve your problem.
with open("AB.json", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as json_data:
data = json.load(json_data, strict=False)
I had the same issue trying to read json files with
json.loads("file.json")
I solved the problem with
with open("file.json", "r") as read_file:
data = json.load(read_file)
maybe this can help in your case
A lot of times, this will be because the string you're trying to parse is blank:
>>> import json
>>> x = json.loads("")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/json/__init__.py", line 348, in loads
return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/json/decoder.py", line 337, in decode
obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/json/decoder.py", line 355, in raw_decode
raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
You can remedy by checking whether json_string is empty beforehand:
import json
if json_string:
x = json.loads(json_string)
else:
# Your code/logic here
x = {}
I encounterred the same problem, while print out the json string opened from a json file, found the json string starts with '', which by doing some reserach is due to the file is by default decoded with UTF-8, and by changing encoding to utf-8-sig, the mark out is stripped out and loads json no problem:
open('test.json', encoding='utf-8-sig')
This is the minimalist solution I found when you want to load json file in python
import json
data = json.load(open('file_name.json'))
If this give error saying character doesn't match on position X and Y, then just add encoding='utf-8' inside the open round bracket
data = json.load(open('file_name.json', encoding='utf-8'))
Explanation
open opens the file and reads the containts which later parse inside json.load.
Do note that using with open() as f is more reliable than above syntax, since it make sure that file get closed after execution, the complete sytax would be
with open('file_name.json') as f:
data = json.load(f)
There may be embedded 0's, even after calling decode(). Use replace():
import json
struct = {}
try:
response_json = response_json.decode('utf-8').replace('\0', '')
struct = json.loads(response_json)
except:
print('bad json: ', response_json)
return struct
I had the same issue, in my case I solved like this:
import json
with open("migrate.json", "rb") as read_file:
data = json.load(read_file)
I was having the same problem with requests (the python library). It happened to be the accept-encoding header.
It was set this way: 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br'
I simply removed it from the request and stopped getting the error.
Just check if the request has a status code 200. So for example:
if status != 200:
print("An error has occured. [Status code", status, "]")
else:
data = response.json() #Only convert to Json when status is OK.
if not data["elements"]:
print("Empty JSON")
else:
"You can extract data here"
I had exactly this issue using requests.
Thanks to Christophe Roussy for his explanation.
To debug, I used:
response = requests.get(url)
logger.info(type(response))
I was getting a 404 response back from the API.
In my case I was doing file.read() two times in if and else block which was causing this error. so make sure to not do this mistake and hold contain in variable and use variable multiple times.
In my case it occured because i read the data of the file using file.read() and then tried to parse it using json.load(file).I fixed the problem by replacing json.load(file) with json.loads(data)
Not working code
with open("text.json") as file:
data=file.read()
json_dict=json.load(file)
working code
with open("text.json") as file:
data=file.read()
json_dict=json.loads(data)
For me, it was not using authentication in the request.
For me it was server responding with something other than 200 and the response was not json formatted. I ended up doing this before the json parse:
# this is the https request for data in json format
response_json = requests.get()
# only proceed if I have a 200 response which is saved in status_code
if (response_json.status_code == 200):
response = response_json.json() #converting from json to dictionary using json library
I received such an error in a Python-based web API's response .text, but it led me here, so this may help others with a similar issue (it's very difficult to filter response and request issues in a search when using requests..)
Using json.dumps() on the request data arg to create a correctly-escaped string of JSON before POSTing fixed the issue for me
requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(data))
In my case it is because the server is giving http error occasionally. So basically once in a while my script gets the response like this rahter than the expected response:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1>
<p>The proxy server received an invalid response from an upstream server.<hr/>Powered by Tengine</body>
</html>
Clearly this is not in json format and trying to call .json() will yield JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
You can print the exact response that causes this error to better debug.
For example if you are using requests and then simply print the .text field (before you call .json()) would do.
I did:
Open test.txt file, write data
Open test.txt file, read data
So I didn't close file after 1.
I added
outfile.close()
and now it works
If you are a Windows user, Tweepy API can generate an empty line between data objects. Because of this situation, you can get "JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)" error. To avoid this error, you can delete empty lines.
For example:
def on_data(self, data):
try:
with open('sentiment.json', 'a', newline='\n') as f:
f.write(data)
return True
except BaseException as e:
print("Error on_data: %s" % str(e))
return True
Reference:
Twitter stream API gives JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
if you use headers and have "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br" install brotli library with pip install. You don't need to import brotli to your py file.
In my case it was a simple solution of replacing single quotes with double.
You can find my answer here

JSON wrapped in NULL? [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
What is JSONP, and why was it created?
(10 answers)
Django - Parse JSONP (Json with Padding)
(2 answers)
Closed last month.
I'm using the API of an affiliate network (Sovrn), expecting to retrieve a product's specification using the URL.
As per their documentation, I use:
url = 'URL-goes-here'
headers = {
"accept": "application/json",
"authorization": "VERY-HARD-TO-GUESS"
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
The code is working, the response I get is 200, the header contains the magical content-type application/json line
when I do
print(response.text)
I get
NULL({"merchantName":"Overstock","canonicalUrl":"URL goes here","title":"product name",...});
I tested for response type of response.text, it's <class 'str'> as expected. But when I try to process the response as json:
product_details = json.load(response.text)
I get an error message:
requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError: [Errno Expecting value]
I'm new to JSON, but I assume the error is due to the outer NULL that the (seemingly valid) data is wrapped in.
After spending a few hours searching for a solution, it seems that I must be missing something obvious, but not sure what.
Any pointers would be extremely helpful.
That's clearly a bug in the API. Assuming it will be fixed after you complain, you could add a hack to your code
def sovrn_json_load_hack(json_text):
"""sovrn is returning invalid json as of (revision here)."""
if not json_text.startswith ("NULL("):
return json.loads(json_text)
else:
return json.loads(json_text[5:-2])
You can ignore NULL( at the beginning and ); at the end by using string slicing:
product_details = json.loads(response.text[5:-2])
Additionally, you should be using json.loads() as the content is a string.

how to attach a BytesIO object to a Webob.Response Object

I'm returning a Webob.Response object from my server to http request. The server puts together a BytesIO object. How can I correctly attach the BytesIO object to the Webob.Response object?
I tried:
app_iter = FileIter(BytesIO_Object)
return Response(
app_iter=app_iter,
last_modified=last_modified,
content_length=content_length,
content_type=content_type,
content_encoding=content_encoding,
content_disposition=content_disposition,
accept_ranges=accept_ranges,
conditional_response=True)
no luck, when I print response.content on the client side, its just empty
I also tried:
return Response(self.file, '200 ok', content_type='text/html')
but that throws an error:
File "/home/abdul/abdul/scripting-120218/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/webob/response.py", line 147, in init
self._headerlist.append(('Content-Length', str(len(body))))
TypeError: object of type '_io.BytesIO' has no len()
ok finally figured it out. You can to pass this to FileIter
app_iter = FileIter(BytesIO_Object.read())

Serialize / Unserialize using json.dumps/loads gives AttributeError: 'unicode' object has no attribute 'read'

I'm attempting to capture payment result info from Amazon FPS, which comes in 2 forms:
User redirected to originating server with GET and query string parameters
Amazon sends POST to originating server with matching parameters
I can't guarantee which request will reach the server first, so I store the first in the DB by serializing either request.GET or request.POST using json.dumps and then attempt to load it later on using json.loads for comparison with the other request:
Initial request:
type = request.META['REQUEST_METHOD']
sub_req = SubscriptionRequest()
params = getattr(request, type)
serialized_params = json.dumps(params)
if type == 'GET': sub_req.client_params = serialized_params
if type == 'POST': sub_req.server_params = serialized_params
sub_req.save()
Followup request:
stored_params = json.load(sub_req.server_params if type == "GET" else sub_req.client_params)
Error:
File "/var/www/test.com/htdocs/apps/subscription/services.py", line 147, in subscription_request_check_or_store
stored_params = json.load(sub_req.server_params if type == "GET" else sub_req.client_params)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/json/__init__.py", line 274, in load
return loads(fp.read(),
AttributeError: 'unicode' object has no attribute 'read'
Json.load() reads from a file. Use json.loads() to parse a string.

XML parser syntax error

So I'm working with a block of code which communicates with the Flickr API.
I'm getting a 'syntax error' in xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError (below). Now I can't figure out how it'd be a syntax error in a Python module.
I saw another similar question on SO regarding the Wikipedia API which seemed to return HTML intead of XML. Flickr API returns XML; and I'm also getting the same error when there shouldn't be a response from Flickr (such as flickr.galleries.addPhoto)
CODE:
def _dopost(method, auth=False, **params):
#uncomment to check you aren't killing the flickr server
#print "***** do post %s" % method
params = _prepare_params(params)
url = '%s%s/%s' % (HOST, API, _get_auth_url_suffix(method, auth, params))
payload = 'api_key=%s&method=%s&%s'% \
(API_KEY, method, urlencode(params))
#another useful debug print statement
#print url
#print payload
return _get_data(minidom.parse(urlopen(url, payload)))
TRACEBACK:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "TESTING.py", line 30, in <module>
flickr.galleries_create('test_title', 'test_descriptionn goes here.')
File "/home/vlad/Documents/Computers/Programming/LEARNING/curatr/flickr.py", line 1006, in galleries_create
primary_photo_id=primary_photo_id)
File "/home/vlad/Documents/Computers/Programming/LEARNING/curatr/flickr.py", line 1066, in _dopost
return _get_data(minidom.parse(urlopen(url, payload)))
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/minidom.py", line 1918, in parse
return expatbuilder.parse(file)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py", line 928, in parse
result = builder.parseFile(file)
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/xml/dom/expatbuilder.py", line 207, in parseFile
parser.Parse(buffer, 0)
xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError: syntax error: line 1, column 62
(Code from http://code.google.com/p/flickrpy/ under New BSD licence)
UPDATE:
print urlopen(url, payload) == <addinfourl at 43340936 whose fp = <socket._fileobject object at 0x29400d0>>
Doing a urlopen(url, payload).read() returns HTML which is hard to read in a terminal :P but I managed to make out a 'You are not signed in.'
The strange part is that Flickr shouldn't return anything here, or if permissions are a problem, it should return a 99: User not logged in / Insufficient permissions error as it does with the GET function (which I'd expect would be in valid XML).
I'm signed in to Flickr (in the browser) and the program is properly authenticated with delete permissions (dangerous, but I wanted to avoid permission problems.)
SyntaxError normally means an error in Python syntax, but I think here that expatbuilder is overloading it to mean an XML syntax error. Put a try:except block around it, and print out the contents of payload and to work out what's wrong with the first line of it.
My guess would be that flickr is rejecting your request for some reason and giving back a plain-text error message, which has an invalid xml character at column 62, but it could be any number of things. You probably want to check the http status code before parsing it.
Also, it's a bit strange this method is called _dopost but you seem to actually be sending an http GET. Perhaps that's why it's failing.
This seems to fix my problem:
url = '%s%s/?api_key=%s&method=%s&%s'% \
(HOST, API, API_KEY, method, _get_auth_url_suffix(method, auth, params))
payload = '%s' % (urlencode(params))
It seems that the API key and method had to be in the URL not in the payload. (Or maybe only one needed to be there, but anyways, it works :-)

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