I have this sentence in my main.py file:
import pandas as pd
from modules.my_self_defined import *
input='1.csv'
df=just_an_example(input)
in ./modules/my_self_defined.py:
def just_an_example(csv_file):
a=pd.read_csv(csv_file)
return a
Then when I run the file, it says pd is not defined in ./modules/my_self_defined.py
How could I make it work?
You use pandas (pd) in my_self_defined.py, not in main.py. So import it in my_self_defined.py instead and it'll work.
Related
I'm using Python 3.9
I have the following structure:
parent_folder
|
|-->. useful_functions.py .
|-->. script_folder_1 .
|
|-->. script_1.py
|-->. function_import.py
|-->. script_folder_2 .
|
|-->. script_2.py
|-->. function_import.py
script_1.py and script_2.py are very similar (but not identical), and so both want to use the functions stored in useful_functions.py
I have worked out that I can import the functions from useful_functions.py by putting the following at the top of script_1.py and script_2.py:
import sys
import os
local_dir = os.getcwd()
dir_up = os.path.dirname(local_dir)
sys.path.append(dir_up)
import useful_functions as uf
This works, meaning it allows script_1.py to call functions from useful_function.py as uf.function_name(arguments)
Since this text block is identical in script_1.py and script_2.py, I wanted to pull it out and make it a function in a different file function_import.py, since that way if I need to modify it I can modify the standalone file in script_folder_1 and copy it to script_folder_2.
However, when I create function_import.py, function_import.py is able to "locally" access the functions from useful_functions.py, but script_1.py is not able to access the functions from useful_functions.py.
Details:
def function_import():
import sys
import os
import re
local_dir = os.getcwd()
dir_up = os.path.dirname(local_dir)
sys.path.append(dir_up)
import useful_functions as uf
print(uf.test_function())
script_1.py:
import function_import
function_import.function_import()
uf.test_function()
When I run script_1.py in the terminal, uf.test_function() returns 3, the placeholder value, inside of function_import(), but then when script_1.py calls uf.test_function(), I get:
NameError: name 'uf' is not defined
Is there a way to allow a function inside a script to import modules for the script to use? Or is there some other way entirely that I should be doing this?
I read these posts and they didn't seem to have a good solution to my problem:
https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=import+from+parent+directory+python&s=5452f193-c78d-4966-b69a-896fb6a5a5f8
Import Script from a Parent Directory
This doesn't define a function inside function_import.py but it does the job
function_import.py:
import sys
import os
import re
local_dir = os.getcwd()
dir_up = os.path.dirname(local_dir)
sys.path.append(dir_up)
import useful_functions as uf
useful_functions.py:
def test_function():
print('In the test function')
script_1.py:
from function_import import uf
uf.test_function()
Outputs In the test function
It's not the perfect solution but you can wrap your function into another one like so :
function_import.py:
def function_import():
import sys
import os
import re
local_dir = os.getcwd()
dir_up = os.path.dirname(local_dir)
sys.path.append(dir_up)
import useful_functions as uf
#print(uf.test_function())
def uf_test_function(*args, **kwargs):
uf.test_function(*args, **kwargs)
script_1.py:
import function_import
function_import.function_import()
function_import.uf_test_function()
I need help to import a script, i did 2 codes, the first is a test with some prints and in the second i try to import them:
Code 1
# I make some print's to try import and show if it works
def first():
print('Test')
class phrase:
def second():
print('Hello')
def third():
print('World')
Code 2
import os
attempt = os.system(r"python C:\Users\Gabri\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\Imagens.py")
# Obviously isn't works =(
attempt.first()
But in code 2, when i did os.system(r"python C:\Users\Gabri\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\Imagens.py") nothing happen.
Someone can help me to import this code? ;-;
1° Code is in C:\Users\Gabri\PycharmProjects\pythonProject
2° in C:\Users\Gabri\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\Prática\Vamove
If you want to keep the files where they are,
You should by able to do this:
import importlib.util
spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
"name", "C:\\Users\\Gabri\\PycharmProjects\\pythonProject\\Imagens.py")
Imagens = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
spec.loader.exec_module(Imagens)
And then run your commands like this:
Imagens.first()
The easiest is if you put both in the same folder and make that folder a python directory from which you can import your other code as modules. All you need for that is a file in the folder containing a blank __init__.py file. Then you can import it to another code file in the same folder using
from folder_name import Imagens
and you should be able to use Imagens functions like any other module
Ex: Imagens.first()
I have three files under the same directory, namely, main.py, Newtester.py, and fileUtility.py. In Newtester.py there is a class named Function. In main.py, there are the following codes:
from file.py import *
...
def main():
...
funcs = parseFuncSpec(funcInputFile)
parseFuncSpec is defined in fileUtilities.py as:
some code to import Newtester.py
def parseFuncSpec(fName):
curFunc = function(funcName, numTest, [], score)
Regardless of what I put in import Newtester.py, I always get an error saying "Function" (the class defined in the file "Newtester.py") is not defined. Following Python: How to import other Python files, I have attempted
import Newtester
__import__("Newtester")
exec("Newtester.py")
exec("Newtester")
import importlib
importlib.__import__("Newtester")
os.system("Newtester.py")
But none of them seemed to work. Any advice is appreciated. See https://github.com/r2dong/unitTesting if you are interested in seeing the complete files.
It's because you are not using it correctly
well when you use import statement like below only Newstester file is imported
import Newtester
hence instead of using parseFuncSpec() directly you have to use it as Newtester.parseFuncSpec()
or to use parseFuncSpec() directly you need to use below import statement:
from Newtester import parseFuncSpec
I'm trying to use a function called start to set up my enviroment in python. The function imports os.
After I run the function and do the following
os.listdir(simdir+"main")
I get a error that says os not defined
code
>>> def setup ():
import os.path
import shutil
simdir="e:\\"
maindir="c:\\backup\\bitcois\\test exit\\"
>>> setup()
>>> os.listdir(simdir+"main")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#10>", line 1, in <module>
os.listdir(simdir+"main")
NameError: name 'os' is not defined
The import statement is scoped. When importing modules they are defined for the local namespace.
From the documentation:
Import statements are executed in two steps: (1) find a module, and initialize it if necessary; (2) define a name or names in the local namespace (of the scope where the import statement occurs). [...]
So in your case the os package is only defined within function setup.
You are getting this error because you are NOT importing the whole os library but just the os.path module. In this way, the other resources at the os library are not made available for your use.
In order to be able to use the os.listdir method, you need to either import it alongside the os.path like this:
>>> def setup ():
import os.path, os.listdir
import shutil
simdir="e:\\"
maindir="c:\\backup\\bitcois\\test exit\\"
or import the full library:
>>> def setup ():
import os
import shutil
simdir="e:\\"
maindir="c:\\backup\\bitcois\\test exit\\"
You can read more here:
https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/modules.html
try:
import os.path
import shutil
import glob
def setup ():
global simdir
simdir="e:\\"
maindir="c:\\backup\\bitcois\\test exit\\"
setup()
os.listdir(simdir+"main")
You need to return the paths and assign the returned values in the global scope. Also, import os too:
import os
def setup():
# retain existing code
return simdir, maindir
simdir, maindir = setup()
When you import os or do any sort of command within a function, the command's effect only last while that function itself is running. What you need to do is
import os
...Do your function and other code
This way, your import lasts for the whole program :).
I've written a python file and am trying to import it but it's not recognized.
The file was saved as gentleboost_c_class.c in C:\User\apps\My documents.
I tried to import it like this:
import gentleboost_c_class as gbc
But I get this error:
NameError: name 'gentleboost_c_class' is not defined
gentleboost_c_class.py begins like this:
from sklearn.externals.six.moves import zip
import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm
class GentleBoostC:
.....
It compiles fine.
Both files are in the same folder.
What am I doing wrong?
You're getting a NameError, not an ImportError.
So it seems to me that you import your module as gbc, but later try to refer to it as gentleboost_c_class.
If you import the module with
import gentleboost_c_class as gbc
that means it will be available under the global name gbc, but not as gentleboost_c_class.