keep running into this error, but I'm confused because in theory I've already validated the variable as an integer before sending it through my function as a parameter. Any ideas? Thank you!
The function is question is: "calculate_distance(n):" and it doesn't like that I'm using the "<>" operators with those values.
print("Welcome Astronaut to Apollo 11 - the mission to land on The Moon.")
print("Lets determine the length of your journey so far - It should take about 3 days to reach Lunar orbit.")
# Function Boolean valid_integer(String input_string)
# Declare Boolean is_valid
#
# is_valid = is input_string a valid integer?
# Return is_valid
# End Function
def valid_integer(input_string):
try:
val = int(input_string)
is_valid = True
except ValueError:
is_valid = False
return is_valid
# Function Integer get_number()
# Declare String input_string
# Declare Boolean is_valid
#
# Display "Enter a number: "
# Input input_string
# Set is_valid = valid_integer(input_string)
# While Not is_valid
# Display "Please enter a whole number: "
# Input input_string
# is_valid = valid_integer(input_string)
# End While
# input_integer = int(input_string)
# Return input_integer
# End Function
def get_number():
input_string = input("Enter your hours of spaceflight: ")
is_valid = valid_integer(input_string)
while not is_valid:
input_string = input("Please enter a whole number: ")
is_valid = valid_integer(input_string)
input_integer = int(input_string)
return input_string
def output_distance(counter, distance, percent):
print("Since hour", counter, "you have traveled", distance, "miles,", percent, "of the way there")
def calculate_distance(n):
counter = 0
distance = 0
percent = 0
if(n < 1):
print("You're still on the launchpad")
return
if(n > 72):
print("You made it! The Eagle has landed")
return
while counter < n:
counter = counter + 1
distance = counter * 3333
percent = ((counter * 3333) / 240000) * 100
output_distance(counter, distance, percent)
# Module main()
# Set n = get_number()
# Call calculate(n)
# End Module
def main():
n = get_number()
calculate_distance(n)
main()
Even though you're validating the number as an integer within the valid_integer() function, you could pass the number as an integer to the calculate_distance() function.
calculate_distance(int(n))
Or at any other point along the way, for that matter. Return it in the get_number() function, for instance:
return(int(input_string))
use int(input) for input number
Trying to figure out how to work a list of user input integers into separate categories and adding those categories together, and I'm stuck. This is what I have so far:
def main():
again = 'y'
while again == 'y':
pos_values = []
neg_values = []
value = int(input("Please enter value: "))
if value > 0:
pos_values.append(value)
print('Would you like to add another value?')
again = input('y = yes; n = no: ')
elif value < 0:
neg_values.append(value)
print('Would you like to add another value?')
again = input('y = yes; n = no: ')
else:
print(sum.pos_values)
print(sum.neg_values)
print('Would you like to add another value?')
again = input('y = yes; n = no: ')
total = 0
all_values = neg_values + pos_values
print[all_values]
print(total + pos_values)
print(total + neg_values)
main()
I'm just a first year student with no prior experience, so please be gentle!
Once you fix the logic error pointed out by Mike Scotty, the other problems are really just syntax errors. sum.pos_values will give you AttributeError: 'builtin_function_or_method' object has no attribute 'pos_values' (because sum is a built-in function and so needs () not .); and print[all_values] will give you a syntax error (because print is also a built-in function and so needs () not []). Your original code doesn't store zeroes in either list: I haven't changed that. And the output format is a guess on my part.
def main():
again = 'y'
pos_values = []
neg_values = []
while again == 'y':
value = int(input("Please enter value: "))
if value > 0:
pos_values.append(value)
elif value < 0:
neg_values.append(value)
else: #edit: terminate also on 0 input
break
print('Would you like to add another value?')
again = input('y = yes; n = no: ')
all_values = neg_values + pos_values
print(sum(all_values),all_values)
print(sum(pos_values),pos_values)
print(sum(neg_values),neg_values)
I am doing a task in class about a password guesser. I stumbled into a lot of problems trying to solve this task, my first approach was to use for loops (code below), but I realized that the amount of 'for loops' is equal to the length of the string.
a_z = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
pasw = 'dog'
tests = 0
guess = ''
azlen = len(a_z)
for i in range(azlen):
for j in range(azlen):
for k in range(azlen):
guess = a_z[i] + a_z[j] + a_z[k]
tests += 1
if guess == pasw:
print('Got "{}" after {} tests'.format(guess, str(tests)))
break
input()
The program above is very concrete. It only works if there are exactly 3 characters entered. I read that you could use a package called intertools, however, I really want to find another way of doing this. I thought about using recursion but don't even know where to start.
import string
import itertools
for possible_password in itertools.permutations(string.ascii_letters, 3):
print(possible_password)
If you don't want to use itertools you can certainly do this with recursion, which will work with passwords of any (reasonable) length—it's not wired to three characters. Basically, each recursive call will attempt to append a new character from your alphabet to your running value of guess. The base case is when the guess attains the same length as value you're seeking, in which case you check for a match. If a match is found, return an indication that you have succeeded (I used return True) so you can short circuit any further searching. Otherwise, return a failure indication (return False). The use of a global counter makes it a bit uglier, but produces the same results you reported.
ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
def brute_force_guesser(passwd, guess = ''):
global _bfg_counter
if len(guess) == 0:
_bfg_counter = 0
if len(guess) == len(passwd):
_bfg_counter += 1
if guess == passwd:
print('Got "{}" after {} tests'.format(guess, str(_bfg_counter)))
return True
return False
else:
for c in ALPHABET:
if brute_force_guesser(passwd, guess + c):
return True
return False
brute_force_guesser('dog') # => Got "dog" after 2399 tests
brute_force_guesser('doggy') # => Got "doggy" after 1621229 tests
One way to avoid the global counter is by using multiple return values:
ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
def brute_force_guesser(target, guess = '', counter = 0):
if len(guess) == len(target):
counter += 1
if guess == target:
print('Got "{}" after {} tests'.format(guess, str(counter)))
return True, counter
return False, counter
else:
for c in ALPHABET:
target_found, counter = brute_force_guesser(target, guess + c, counter)
if target_found:
return True, counter
return False, counter
brute_force_guesser('dog') # => Got "dog" after 2399 tests
brute_force_guesser('doggy') # => Got "doggy" after 1621229 tests
Here is my full answer, sorry if it's not neat, I'm still new to coding in general. The credit goes to #JohnColeman for the great idea of using bases.
import math
global guess
pasw = str(input('Input password: '))
chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' #only limeted myself to lowercase for simplllicity.
base = len(chars)+1
def cracker(pasw):
guess = ''
tests = 1
c = 0
m = 0
while True:
y = tests
while True:
c = y % base
m = math.floor((y - c) / base)
y = m
guess = chars[(c - 1)] + guess
print(guess)
if m == 0:
break
if guess == pasw:
print('Got "{}" after {} tests'.format(guess, str(tests)))
break
else:
tests += 1
guess = ''
cracker(pasw)
input()
import itertools
import string
def guess_password(real):
chars = string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits
attempts = 0
for password_length in range(1, 20):
for guess in itertools.product(chars, repeat=password_length):
attempts += 1
guess = ''.join(guess)
if guess == real:
return 'the password is {}, found in {} guesses.'.format(guess, attempts)
print(guess, attempts)
print(guess_password('abc'))
So I have to create code that validate whether a password:
Is at least 8 characters long
Contains at least 1 number
Contains at least 1 capital letter
Here is the code:
def validate():
while True:
password = input("Enter a password: ")
if len(password) < 8:
print("Make sure your password is at lest 8 letters")
elif not password.isdigit():
print("Make sure your password has a number in it")
elif not password.isupper():
print("Make sure your password has a capital letter in it")
else:
print("Your password seems fine")
break
validate()
I'm not sure what is wrong, but when I enter a password that has a number - it keeps telling me that I need a password with a number in it. Any solutions?
You can use re module for regular expressions.
With it your code would look like this:
import re
def validate():
while True:
password = raw_input("Enter a password: ")
if len(password) < 8:
print("Make sure your password is at lest 8 letters")
elif re.search('[0-9]',password) is None:
print("Make sure your password has a number in it")
elif re.search('[A-Z]',password) is None:
print("Make sure your password has a capital letter in it")
else:
print("Your password seems fine")
break
validate()
r_p = re.compile('^(?=\S{6,20}$)(?=.*?\d)(?=.*?[a-z])(?=.*?[A-Z])(?=.*?[^A-Za-z\s0-9])')
this code will validate your password with :
min length is 6 and max length is 20
at least include a digit number,
at least a upcase and a lowcase letter
at least a special characters
password.isdigit() does not check if the password contains a digit, it checks all the characters according to:
str.isdigit(): Return true if all characters in the string are digits
and there is at least one character, false otherwise.
password.isupper() does not check if the password has a capital in it, it checks all the characters according to:
str.isupper(): Return true if all cased characters in the string are
uppercase and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.
For a solution, please check the question and accepted answer at check if a string contains a number.
You can build your own hasNumbers()-function (Copied from linked question):
def hasNumbers(inputString):
return any(char.isdigit() for char in inputString)
and a hasUpper()-function:
def hasUpper(inputString):
return any(char.isupper() for char in inputString)
Example:
class Password:
def __init__(self, password):
self.password = password
def validate(self):
vals = {
'Password must contain an uppercase letter.': lambda s: any(x.isupper() for x in s),
'Password must contain a lowercase letter.': lambda s: any(x.islower() for x in s),
'Password must contain a digit.': lambda s: any(x.isdigit() for x in s),
'Password must be at least 8 characters.': lambda s: len(s) >= 8,
'Password cannot contain white spaces.': lambda s: not any(x.isspace() for x in s)
}
valid = True
for n, val in vals.items():
if not val(self.password):
valid = False
return n
return valid
def compare(self, password2):
if self.password == password2:
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
input_password = input('Insert Password: ')
input_password2 = input('Repeat Password: ')
p = Password(input_password)
if p.validate() is True:
if p.compare(input_password2) is True:
print('OK')
else:
print(p.validate())
You are checking isdigit and isupper methods on the entire password string object not on each character of the string. The following is a function which checks if the password meets your specific requirements. It does not use any regex stuff. It also prints all the defects of the entered password.
#!/usr/bin/python3
def passwd_check(passwd):
"""Check if the password is valid.
This function checks the following conditions
if its length is greater than 6 and less than 8
if it has at least one uppercase letter
if it has at least one lowercase letter
if it has at least one numeral
if it has any of the required special symbols
"""
SpecialSym=['$','#','#']
return_val=True
if len(passwd) < 6:
print('the length of password should be at least 6 char long')
return_val=False
if len(passwd) > 8:
print('the length of password should be not be greater than 8')
return_val=False
if not any(char.isdigit() for char in passwd):
print('the password should have at least one numeral')
return_val=False
if not any(char.isupper() for char in passwd):
print('the password should have at least one uppercase letter')
return_val=False
if not any(char.islower() for char in passwd):
print('the password should have at least one lowercase letter')
return_val=False
if not any(char in SpecialSym for char in passwd):
print('the password should have at least one of the symbols $##')
return_val=False
if return_val:
print('Ok')
return return_val
print(passwd_check.__doc__)
passwd = input('enter the password : ')
print(passwd_check(passwd))
''' Minimum length is 5;
- Maximum length is 10;
- Should contain at least one number;
- Should contain at least one special character (such as &, +, #, $, #, %, etc.);
- Should not contain spaces.
'''
import string
def checkPassword(inputStr):
if not len(inputStr):
print("Empty string was entered!")
exit(0)
else:
print("Input:","\"",inputStr,"\"")
if len(inputStr) < 5 or len(inputStr) > 10:
return False
countLetters = 0
countDigits = 0
countSpec = 0
countWS = 0
for i in inputStr:
if i in string.ascii_uppercase or i in string.ascii_lowercase:
countLetters += 1
if i in string.digits:
countDigits += 1
if i in string.punctuation:
countSpec += 1
if i in string.whitespace:
countWS += 1
if not countLetters:
return False
elif not countDigits:
return False
elif not countSpec:
return False
elif countWS:
return False
else:
return True
print("Output: ",checkPassword(input()))
With Regex
s = input("INPUT: ")
print("{}\n{}".format(s, 5 <= len(s) <= 10 and any(l in "0123456789" for l in s) and any(l in "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?#[\]^_`{|}~" for l in s) and not " " in s))
Module import
from string import digits, punctuation
def validate_password(p):
if not 5 <= len(p) <= 10:
return False
if not any(c in digits for c in p):
return False
if not any(c in punctuation for c in p):
return False
if ' ' in p:
return False
return True
for p in ('DJjkdklkl', 'John Doe'
, '$kldfjfd9'):
print(p, ': ', ('invalid', 'valid')[validate_password(p)], sep='')
Sure with regex there are easier answers, but this one of the simplest ways
from string import punctuation as p
s = 'Vishwasrocks#23' #or user input is welcome
lis = [0, 0, 0, 0]
for i in s:
if i.isupper():
lis[0] = 1
elif i.islower():
lis[1] = 1
elif i in p:
lis[2] = 1
elif i.isdigit():
lis[3] = 1
print('Valid') if 0 not in lis and len(s) > 8 else print('Invalid')
The simplest python validation using normal methods
password = '-'
while True:
password = input(' enter the passwword : ')
lenght = len(password)
while lenght < 6:
password = input('invalid , so type again : ')
if len(password)>6:
break
while not any(ele.isnumeric() for ele in password):
password = input('invalid , so type again : ')
while not any(ele.isupper() for ele in password):
password = input('invalid , so type again : ')
while not any(ele not in "[#_!#$%^&*()<>?/|}{~:]" for ele in password):
password = input('invalid , so type again : ')
break
isdigit() checks the whole string is a digit, not if the string contains a digit
Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character, false otherwise.
isupper() checks the whole string is in uppercase, not if the string contains at least one uppercase character.
Return true if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.
What you need is using the any built-in function:
any([x.isdigit() for x in password]) will return True if at least one digit is present in password
any([x.isupper() for x in password]) will return True if at least one character is considered as uppercase.
Maybe you can use regex expression:
re.search(r"[A-Z]", password)
Check uppercase letters.
re.search(r"[0-9]", password)
Check digits in password.
Python 2.7
The for loop will assign a condition number for each character. i.e. Pa$$w0rd in a list would = 1,2,4,4,2,3,2,2,5. Since sets only contains unique values, the set would = 1,2,3,4,5; therefore since all conditions are met the len of the set would = 5. if it was pa$$w the set would = 2,4 and len would = 2 therefore invalid
name = raw_input("Enter a Password: ")
list_pass=set()
special_char=['#','$','#']
for i in name:
if(i.isupper()):
list_pass.add('1')
elif (i.islower()):
list_pass.add('2')
elif(i.isdigit()) :
list_pass.add('3')
elif(i in special_char):
list_pass.add('4')
if len(name) >=6 and len(name) <=12:
list_pass.add('5')
if len(list_pass) is 5:
print ("Password valid")
else: print("Password invalid")
uppercase_letter = ['A', 'B','C', 'D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O',
'P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']
number = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
import re
info ={}
while True:
user_name = input('write your username: ')
if len(user_name) > 15:
print('username is too long(must be less than 16 character)')
elif len(user_name) < 3 :
print('username is short(must be more than 2 character)')
else:
print('your username is', user_name)
break
while True:
password= input('write your password: ')
if len(password) < 8 :
print('password is short(must be more than 7 character)')
elif len(password) > 20:
print('password is too long(must be less than 21 character)')
elif re.search(str(uppercase_letter), password ) is None :
print('Make sure your password has at least one uppercase letter in it')
elif re.search(str(number), password) is None :
print('Make sure your password has at least number in it')
else:
print('your password is', password)
break
info['user name'] = user_name
info['password'] = password
print(info)
Password Complexity conditions:
Must include at least one uppercase character
Must include at least one lowercase character
Must include at least one number
Must include at least one special character
Must have a length of at least 8 and a max of 20
import re
def validate():
while True:
password = raw_input("Enter a password: ")
re_exp = "^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[#$!%*#?&])[A-Za-z\d#$!#%*?&]{8,20}$"
if re.search(re.compile(regex_exp),password):
print("Your password seems fine")
else:
print("Password doees not matches with password complexity conditions")
break
Or you can use this to check if it got at least one digit:
min(passwd).isdigit()
Hello I am trying to write a program in python that asks the user to input a set of numbers of 1's and 0's and I want the program to tell me if I have and even number of zeros or an odd number of zeros or no zero's at all. Thanks for your help!!
forstate = "start"
curstate = "start"
trans = "none"
value = 0
print "Former state....:", forstate
print "Transition....:", trans
print "Current state....", curstate
while curstate != "You hav and even number of zeros":
trans = raw_input("Input a 1 or a 0: ")
if trans == "0" and value <2:
value = value + 1
forstate = curstate
elif trans == "1" and value < 2:
value = value + 0
forstate = curstate
curstate = str(value) + " zeros"
if value >= 2:
curstate = "You have and even number of zeros"
print "former state ...:", forstate
print "Transition .....:", trans
print "Current state....", curstate
Looks like you're trying to do a finite state machine?
try:
inp = raw_input
except NameError:
inp = input
def getInt(msg):
while True:
try:
return int(inp(msg))
except ValueError:
pass
START, ODD, EVEN = range(3)
state_next = [ODD, EVEN, ODD]
state_str = ['no zeros yet', 'an odd number of zeros', 'an even number of zeros']
state = START
while True:
num = getInt('Enter a number (-1 to exit)')
if num==-1:
break
elif num==0:
state = state_next[state]
print 'I have seen {0}.'.format(state_str[state])
Edit:
try:
inp = raw_input
except NameError:
inp = input
START, ODD, EVEN = range(3)
state_next = [ODD, EVEN, ODD]
state_str = ['no zeros yet', 'an odd number of zeros', 'an even number of zeros']
def reduce_fn(state, ch):
return state_next[state] if ch=='0' else state
state = reduce(reduce_fn, inp('Enter at own risk: '), START)
print "I have seen " + state_str[state]
It sounds like homework, or worse an interview questions, but this will get you started.
def homework(s):
counter = 0
if '0' in s:
for i in s:
if i == '0':
counter = counter + 1
return counter
don't forget this part over here
def odd_or_even_or_none(num):
if num == 0:
return 'This string contains no zeros'
if num % 2 == 0
return 'This string contains an even amount of zeros'
else:
return 'This string contains an odd amount of zeros'
if you call homework and give it a string of numbers it will give you back the number of 0
homework('101110101')
now that you know how many 0s you need to call odd_or_even_or_none with that number
odd_or_even_or_none(23)
so the solution looks like this
txt = input('Feed me numbers: ')
counter = str( homework(txt) )
print odd_or_even_or_none(counter)
try:
inp = raw_input
except NameError:
inp = input
zeros = sum(ch=='0' for ch in inp('Can I take your order? '))
if not zeros:
print "none"
elif zeros%2:
print "odd"
else:
print "even"
The simple solution to your problem is just to count the zeros, then print a suitable message. num_zeros = input_stream.count('0')
If you're going to build a finite state machine to learn how to write one, then you'll learn more writing a generic FSM and using it to solve your particular problem. Here's my attempt - note that all the logic for counting the zeros is encoded in the states and their transitions.
class FSMState(object):
def __init__(self, description):
self.transition = {}
self.description = description
def set_transitions(self, on_zero, on_one):
self.transition['0'] = on_zero
self.transition['1'] = on_one
def run_machine(state, input_stream):
"""Put the input_stream through the FSM given."""
for x in input_stream:
state = state.transition[x]
return state
# Create the states of the machine.
NO_ZEROS = FSMState('No zeros')
EVEN_ZEROS = FSMState('An even number of zeros')
ODD_ZEROS = FSMState('An odd number of zeros')
# Set up transitions for each state
NO_ZEROS.set_transitions(ODD_ZEROS, NO_ZEROS)
EVEN_ZEROS.set_transitions(ODD_ZEROS, EVEN_ZEROS)
ODD_ZEROS.set_transitions(EVEN_ZEROS, ODD_ZEROS)
result = run_machine(NO_ZEROS, '01011001010')
print result.description