I have several imports in my current code:
from flask import Flask
import datetime as dt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
When I run this in VSCODE I am getting this error:
However, running this in jupyter notebook has no problems. When I looked online it said to use python interpreter but when I go to do that I get this error:
And another error:
Anaconda prompt says modules/packages are installed but when I run pip install in default windows terminal it says pip has no module:
Delete and reinstall Python extensions according to the same problem on github.
The second problem is related to the location of your Python interpreter. You need to choose the correct interpreter. I still recommend using one Python version in one environment. You can use other Python versions in virtual environment, so it won't lead to confusion.
I'm trying to run a Python program in VSCode and it always stops in the first line
from sklearn.gaussian_process.kernels import WhiteKernel, RationalQuadratic, RBF, Matern, ExpSineSquared
The error it gives me is pretty big, I'll paste it at the end.
However, when when I open python in my conda terminal, I can import with no issues at all. Since I'm using the conda interpreter in VSCode, I don't understand what the issue is.
My Python version is 3.7.6, numpy 1.19.1, scipy 1.5.2, sklearn 0.23.2 and am working with Windows 10. I have already tried what the webpage mentioned suggested. And on the bottom left of VSCode it says that the interpreter is Python 3.7.6 64-bit ('base':conda).
Just tried, and I can't import numpy either, but can in conda with no problems. The python versions are the same. EDIT: The error message here asks me to be sure that the Numpy version is 1.18.1, instead of 1.19.1.
Exception has occurred: ImportError
IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!
Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
installed.
We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:
https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html
Please note and check the following:
The Python version is: Python3.7 from "C:\Users\jdion\anaconda3\python.exe"
The NumPy version is: "1.19.1"
and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.
Original error was: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.
File "C:\Users\jdion\OneDrive\Ambiente de Trabalho\Tese\Code\The Sea Exploration Problem _aux.py", line 13, in
from sklearn.gaussian_process.kernels import WhiteKernel, RationalQuadratic, RBF, Matern, ExpSineSquared
I uninstalled both conda and all my Python versions and when I reinstalled Python 3.7.9 and selected it as the interpreter in VSCode there were no more issues. I think the problem was having too many Python versions, anaconda, pip, and I was probably installing and removing things in the wrong places.
not very proficient yet in python and i'm trying to run :
import pyfolio as pf
pf.create_full_tear_sheet(portfolio.mean(axis=1))
(reference in the end of: https://blog.quantinsti.com/xgboost-python/)
in Anaconda/Spyder but get the
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pandas.plotting._timeseries'
checked that pyfolio is installed and googled the error but didn't come across any solutions.
Would really appreciate some help.
tx!
It seems the pandas.plotting._timeseries module is only available for pandas versions before 0.25.x.
You can see the _timeseries module is present in 0.24.x
and is removed in 0.25.x (looks like the API changed to pandas.plotting._matplotlib.timeseries).
If you install an older version of pandas (anything before 0.25.x), it should work. Here's an example for last 0.24.x release:
pip install pandas==0.24.2
I've already install pandas from either the terminal and add pandas in pycharm project interpreter. However, every time I run a program which uses pandas it keeps reminding me there's an error.
RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Rabbit/PycharmProjects/NLP/review2vector.py", line 7, in <module>
from pandas import DataFrame
File "/Users/Rabbit/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pandas/__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
"the C extensions first.".format(module))
ImportError: C extension: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import not built. If you want to import pandas from the source directory, you may need to run 'python setup.py build_ext --inplace --force' to build the C extensions first.
I also followed this question's answer How to solve import error for pandas? But it does not work for me.
These issues can be easily avoided if you use a virtual environment to install and maintain your Python packages. Please refer to the link here for more information: LINK
The error message is telling you that numpy is not fully installed. There isn't enough information there to guess specifically what is wrong, but if I was troubleshooting I would use my package manager (pip probably) to uninstall and then re-install numpy and pandas. I would do numpy separately so that I could watch the messages. The numpy page says that they should have pre-compiled wheels available, so it just seems like a version mismatch.
Pycharm lets you install packages into a virtualenv easily and ensure that env is always activated when you open the pycharm terminal (great!) but it also makes it very hard to notice install errors.
I'm trying to run the following python script (I'm using Vim):
import numpy as np;
import scipy as sp;
from scipy import misc;
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt;
image = misc.imread('test_image.jpg');
np.fliplr(image);
plt.imshow(image);
When I do, I get the following:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt;
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 24, in <module>
import matplotlib.colorbar
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/colorbar.py", line 29, in <module>
import matplotlib.collections as collections
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/collections.py", line 23, in <module>
import matplotlib.backend_bases as backend_bases
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 50, in <module>
import matplotlib.textpath as textpath
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/textpath.py", line 11, in <module>
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py", line 53, in <module>
from matplotlib import ft2font
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so, 2): Library not loaded: #loader_path/../../../libfreetype.6.dylib
Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so
Reason: image not found
shell returned 1
I tried reinstalling brew, reinstalling freetype, matplotlib, and numpy in brew, and I uninstalled MacPorts with no change in the error. Suggestions?
EDIT: After uninstalling MacPorts and then doing another reinstall of brew, I now get this error instead.
Fatal Python error: PyThreadState_Get: no current thread
Command terminated
The error only appears when I import matplotlib, so I'm guessing the issue is with matplotlib. I will try to reinstall it with brew.
EDIT2: I've been trying from this page to no avail, but I think my error is probably related to that one.
[MacOS X] Ran into the same problem after installing graphviz (to visualize decision tree). Without carefully isolating environment, this new package appears to have put its own favorite version of freetype into my default python runtime library path. Then when doing a simple import import matplotlib.pyplot as plt, I got error messages:
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/shandou/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-
packages/matplotlib/ft2font.cpython-36m-darwin.so, 2): Library not
loaded: #rpath/libfreetype.6.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/shandou/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-
packages/matplotlib/ft2font.cpython-36m-darwin.so
Reason: Incompatible library version: ft2font.cpython-36m-darwin.so
requires version 22.0.0 or later, but libfreetype.6.dylib provides
version 21.0.0
At first, I could not understand what #rpath is really pointing to. Checked with locate libfreetype and it looks like for my default python environment, I have (1) /Users/shandou/anaconda3/lib/libfreetype.6.dylib and (2) /Users/shandou/anaconda3/pkgs/freetype-2.8.1-0
I tried the following two fixes. The first one solved the immediate need of making matplotlib import work, but later caused problems in sphinx auto doc generation. The second one is a cleaner fix that made both work.
Fix 1: conda uninstall and then pip install matplotlib
Context: I use anaconda python distribution and use conda as my main package manager
Spoiler alert: temporarily fixed import problem, but got me into trouble later when using sphinx
Takeaway: mixing pip and conda installation for major libraries can be problematic
Following #Robbie Capps's suggestion above, I uninstalled matplotlib originally installed with conda and reinstalled it with pip instead. Afterwards matplotlib import works okay and I was able to continue working until later I ran into errors when running sphinx for documenting codes:
File "/Users/shandou/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-
packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py", line 17, in <module>
from matplotlib.backends import _macosx
RuntimeError: Python is not installed as a framework. The Mac OS X
backend will not be able to function correctly if Python is not
installed as a framework. See the Python documentation for more
information on installing Python as a framework on Mac OS X. Please
either reinstall Python as a framework, or try one of the other
backends. If you are using (Ana)Conda please install python.app and
replace the use of 'python' with 'pythonw'. See 'Working with
Matplotlib on OSX' in the Matplotlib FAQ for more information.
That looks hairy, but if I read this correctly, the gist of the message is: sphinx is not happy about me mixing conda and pip install.
So I ended up reverting matplotlib back to conda installation. Sadly the original libfreetype error immediately returns and I was unable to do basic matplotlib import (darn...)
Fix 2: Update freetype library located in runtime path (#rpath in the error message)
Context: I tried updating freetype, libpng, and matplotlib--basically anything that the web would suggest
Spoiler alert: If runtime path library is not updated, I am left with the same error message about incompatible libfreetype
[Step 1] Brew install freetype library:
$ brew install freetype
$ brew link --overwrite freetype
When checking the library version in /usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.9/lib/, I get output as below:
$ otool -L libfreetype.6.dylib | head -n 2
libfreetype.6.dylib:
/usr/local/opt/freetype/lib/libfreetype.6.dylib (compatibility version 23.0.0, current version 23.0.0)
This is version 21+, so we are one step closer to solve the problem
[Step 2] Copy /usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.9/lib/libfreetype.6.dylib to python runtime library path
It turns out even after updating freetype library with conda, the runtime library is not updated. The final solution that works for me is to force copy newer freetype lib to the runtime path:
$ cd /Users/shandou/anaconda3/lib/
$ sudo cp /usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.9/lib/libfreetype.6.dylib .
Only then, the freetype library version incompatibility problem is gone, and both matplotlib import and sphinx are happy
Bottom line: Fix 2 is the cleaner way to go.
It sounds like you already (at least partially) answered your own question, but I solved this same error, in a somewhat different fashion. Summary: I used otool and install_name_tool to manually change the linkage from the *.so file to a different *.dylib. I'm posting it here mostly as an illustration of how build systems can quickly turn into rat's nests if you're not careful.
Background
I am using conda to manage the virtual environment for a software project I am trying to compile from source (GNU Radio). In order to build the graphics submodule of this project (gr-qtgui) natively on my Mac, I believe I committed some pretty heinous crimes against nature -- more on this below.
My basic strategy to avoid build problems is to rely on a single package manager as much as possible. In this case, the honor went to conda, though some of it required brew and pip. As I'm writing this, I'm now wondering whether I should have linked against the Mac frameworks for Qt4, but what I ended up doing was linking against libQtCore.dylib et al. installed by conda in ~/miniconda3/envs/gr/lib.*
Graphics issues & Resolution
After getting GNU Radio to compile, I then conda install'd matplotlib in this virtual environment. I was initially getting a similar error as OP originally mentions:
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/strotmc1/miniconda3/envs/gr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so, 2): Library not loaded: #rpath/libfreetype.6.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/strotmc1/miniconda3/envs/gr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so
Reason: Incompatible library version: ft2font.so requires version 21.0.0 or later, but libfreetype.6.dylib provides version 14.0.0
I solved it by navigating to the offending shared object's directory and inspecting it:
>> cd ~/miniconda3/envs/gr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib
>> otool -L ft2font.so
ft2font.so:
#rpath/libfreetype.6.dylib (compatibility version 21.0.0, current version 21.0.0)
#rpath/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)
>> otool -l ft2font.so
...
Load command 9
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name #rpath/libfreetype.6.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 19:00:02 1969
current version 21.0.0
compatibility version 21.0.0
...
Load command 12
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 272
path /Users/strotmc1/miniconda3/envs/gr/lib (offset 12)
...
In other words, it's linking to the libfreetype.dylib located inside the virtual environment, not on the system. Sort of makes sense as an error, because pyplot is also trying to access the graphics libraries, which were already strangely configured. My solution was to switch to linking against the homebrew version of freetype:
>> install_name_tool -change #rpath/libfreetype.6.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.9/lib/libfreetype.6.dylib ft2font.so
and now matplotlib works!
Moral of the story
I said from the beginning that this story is ugly. After finishing writing this up, I'm left with the following conclusions:
Despite being able to compile large software projects, I still don't really know what the hell I'm doing.
Given the difficulty of writing general-purpose libraries, and how much variation can exist across platforms, and that all users set up their systems differently, I'm amazed that anything ever works.
On the other hand, is this really the best we can do? It seems like complexity is the source of the problem. Does any tool sophisticated enough to manage the complexity necessarily introduce more complexity into the system, and thus more opportunities for failure?
Sorry this turned into more of a musing than an answer -- perhaps someone would be so kind to suggest a better place for this type of rambling answer?
*To be completely frank, I never even considered trying to link against the Qt frameworks located in /Library/Frameworks. I'm not sure if the build tools (here, cmake) are smart enough to find these Frameworks, because I haven't tried. I will consider posing this question to the community.
Fixed it... sort of.
Fixed it.
I uninstalled with brew uninstall matplotlib and then installed with pip install matplotlib. The pip version now works. although I think something is wrong with my code because I don't get an image output.
I uninstalled all of my installations of python and then installed ipython, which worked fine. Also, I was forgetting to add plt.show(); after my imshow(); commands... :-( .... but at least someone else has made this mistake before me ...
Refer to this page for very thorough help with any matplotlib imshow issues:
matplotlib does not show my drawings although I call pyplot.show()
You can try to run python with Anaconda and check the version of freetype in your conda environment.
I got the same type of error when I try to install opencv in conda. And finally it was solved by one command:
conda update freetype
Two steps to solve the problem:
Step 1: Updating freetype and coping the .dylib to the anaconda lib folder:
brew upgrade freetype
cp /usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.10.4/lib/libfreetype.dylib ~/opt/anaconda3/lib/
Step 2: Following the import sequence as below:
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('PS')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Found one immediate solution that worked for me.
Due to multiple projects in same environment, my matplotlib was not supporting new changes.
pip3 uninstall matplotlib
pip3 install matplotlib
Check path tou your image (and doublecheck)
This is in your traceback:
"Reason: image not found"
Also there is no need to use ';' in python.