im very new to python, trying to create reusable code. when i try to call the class Login and function login_user in test_main.py by passing all the arguments that were used under Login class, im getting an error as InvalidArgumentException: Message: invalid argument: 'using' must be a string.
test_main.py file which runs on pytest.
Locators_test is the class of test_Locators.py file where i have all my xpaths
test_Locators.py
class Locators_test():
loginlink_xpath = "//a[#id='login-link']"
login_email = "xxxxx"
login_password = "xxxxx"
loginemail_id = "dnn_ctr1179_Login_txtEmail"
loginpassword_id = "dnn_ctr1179_Login_txtPassword"
clicklogin_id = "dnn_ctr1179_Login_btnLogin"
test_login.py
from Smoketest.locatorfile.test_Locators import Locators_test
class Login():
def __init__(self,driver):
self.driver = driver
def login_user(self,driver):
try:
loginButton = self.driver.find_element((By.XPATH, Locators_test.loginlink_xpath))
while loginButton.click() is True:
break
time.sleep(3)
self.driver.execute_script("window.scrollBy(0,300);")
EmailField = self.driver.find_element((By.ID, Locators_test.loginemail_id))
EmailField.send_keys(Locators_test.login_email)
PasswordField = self.driver.find_element((By.ID, Locators_test.loginpassword_id))
PasswordField.send_keys(Locators_test.login_password)
ClickLogin = self.driver.find_element((By.ID, Locators_test.clicklogin_id))
while ClickLogin.click() is True:
break
time.sleep(5)
userName = self.driver.find_element((By.XPATH, Locators_test.username_xpath))
print("Logged in as", userName.text)
except StaleElementReferenceException or ElementClickInterceptedException or TimeoutException as ex:
print(ex.message)
test_main.py
def test_setup():
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path= Locators_test.browser_path)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.delete_all_cookies()
driver.get(homePage)
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
yield
print("test complete")
def test_login(test_setup):
from Smoketest.pages.test_login import Login
lo = Login(driver)
lo.login_user(((Locators_test.loginlink_xpath,Locators_test.loginemail_id,Locators_test.login_email,Locators_test.loginpassword_id,Locators_test.login_password,Locators_test.clicklogin_id,Locators_test.username_xpath)))
indentations are all fine
I fixed it myself by removing the extra pair of parenthesis from the line
loginButton = self.driver.find_element((By.XPATH, Locators_test.loginlink_xpath))
Right way is
loginButton = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, Locators_test.loginlink_xpath)
ps: this applies to all the lines.
This worked for me,
locator = (By.XPATH, Locators_test.loginlink_xpath)
self.driver.find_element(*locator).click()
Explanation: In *<arguments>, all positional arguments other than the first one will be packed in a tuple, as they won't get Changed, the exact property will be reflected in the second step.
Related
Hi I am trying to write a sign-up bot for UEFA.com using Selenium as requests I find to be too difficult for me to try so I am just working on automating the sign-up process even if it is a lot slower.
I am able to get to the final stage where I click on Create an Account, but faced with a reCaptcha which only appears after clicking on Create an Account. And after solving the captcha there is no 'Submit' button but it will automatically submit the details for you.
I am able to get the captcha token returned from 2captcha solving service, and inputted it into the innerHTML of the g-response-token field using javascript. However I do not know how to submit the captcha and the form.
import requests
import time
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from seleniumwire import webdriver
import pyautogui
from twocaptcha import TwoCaptcha
import random
import os
from random import randint
import sys
firstnames = []
lastnames = []
API_Key = '6LehfZUbAAAAAJhue_6BVqqxLulLiXLP0rEgpdRH'
# Open Names File
with open('firstnames.txt', 'r') as f:
for name in f:
name = name.strip()
firstnames.append(name)
with open('lastnames.txt', 'r') as e:
for name in e:
name = name.strip()
lastnames.append(name)
with open('proxies.txt') as f:
proxy = f.readlines()
proxy_rand = randint(1, 35)
s_proxy = str(proxy[proxy_rand])
p_strip = s_proxy.rstrip()
# Proxy Input and Format
bare_proxy = p_strip.split(':')
username = bare_proxy[2]
password = bare_proxy[3]
ip = bare_proxy[0]
port = bare_proxy[1]
options = {
'proxy': {
'http': f'http://{username}:{password}#{ip}:{port}',
'https': f'https://{username}:{password}#{ip}:{port}',
'no_proxy': 'localhost,127.0.0.1'
}
}
os.environ['PATH'] += 'C:/SeleniumDrivers'
homepage_URL = 'https://www.uefa.com/tickets/'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(seleniumwire_options=options)
driver.get(homepage_URL)
# Accessing Register Page
reject_cookies = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'onetrust-reject-all-handler')
reject_cookies.click()
time.sleep(1)
login_button = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a[class='btn btn-secondary tickets__btn js-tracking-card']")
login_button.click()
time.sleep(10)
create_account = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[4]/a')
create_account.click()
time.sleep(10)
# Inputting SignUp Details
letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
a = random.choice(letters)
b = random.choice(letters)
c = random.choice(letters)
d = random.choice(letters)
email = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[1]/div[6]/input')
email.send_keys(f'{a}{b}{c}{d}#nottingham.pro')
time.sleep(2)
password = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[1]/div[7]/input')
password.send_keys('19741002Rw!')
time.sleep(2)
first_name = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[#id="gigya-textbox-130722358975432270"]')
first_range = len(firstnames) - 1
random_first = randint(1, first_range)
f_name = firstnames[random_first]
first_name.send_keys(f'{f_name}')
time.sleep(2)
last_name = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[1]/div[9]/input')
last_range = len(lastnames) - 1
random_last = randint(1, first_range)
l_name = lastnames[random_last]
last_name.send_keys(f'{l_name}')
time.sleep(2)
day_of_birth = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[1]/div[10]/div[1]/input')
day = randint(1, 28)
day_of_birth.send_keys(f'{day}')
time.sleep(2)
month_of_birth = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[1]/div[10]/div[2]/input')
month = randint(1, 12)
month_of_birth.send_keys(f'{month}')
time.sleep(2)
year_of_birth = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[1]/div[10]/div[3]/input')
year = randint(1940, 2000)
year_of_birth.send_keys(f'{year}')
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 500)")
time.sleep(2)
pyautogui.moveTo(353, 619)
time.sleep(2)
pyautogui.click()
time.sleep(5)
current_url = driver.current_url
print(current_url)
g_key = '6LehfZUbAAAAAJhue_6BVqqxLulLiXLP0rEgpdRH'
def SolveCaptcha():
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))))
api_key = os.getenv(g_key, 'a733edea49a8327795d56edc9f06d391')
solver = TwoCaptcha(api_key)
try:
result = solver.recaptcha(
sitekey=g_key,
url=current_url)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
else:
return result
result = SolveCaptcha()
code = result['code']
print(code)
token = f'document.getElementById("g-recaptcha-response").innerHTML="{code}";'
driver.execute_script(token)
time.sleep(10000)
As you can see by the end of the code I have managed to input the captcha token but not sure how to submit as there is no submit button
I have tried to look for a callback function but can't seem to find it when I inspect the page.
submit the first form on the page:
driver.execute_script('document.forms[0].submit()')
Im having the error messages for a python program I got they are :
C:\Users\chanm\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\python.exe C:/Users/chanm/OneDrive/Desktop/bot/Commenter.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/chanm/OneDrive/Desktop/bot/Commenter.py", line 133, in <module>
com.login()
File "C:/Users/chanm/OneDrive/Desktop/bot/Commenter.py", line 28, in login
login_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[#href='/accounts/login/']")
File "C:\Users\chanm\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 394, in find_element_by_xpath
return self.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath)
File "C:\Users\chanm\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 978, in find_element
'value': value})['value']
File "C:\Users\chanm\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "C:\Users\chanm\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath","selector":"//a[#href='/accounts/login/']"}
(Session info: chrome=71.0.3578.80)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.44.609538 (b655c5a60b0b544917107a59d4153d4bf78e1b90),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64)
Process finished with exit code 1
This is my code that I have
Commenter.py
import time
import random
import re
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException
from chatterbot.trainers import ListTrainer
from chatterbot import ChatBot
class Commenter:
def __init__(self, username, password):
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.set_window_size(700, 900)
"""closing browser"""
def closeBrowser(self):
self.driver.close()
"""login in to Instagram"""
def login(self) -> object:
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://www.instagram.com/")
time.sleep(2)
login_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[#href='/accounts/login/']")
login_button.click()
time.sleep(2)
user_name_elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[#name='username']")
user_name_elem.clear()
user_name_elem.send_keys(self.username)
passworword_elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[#name='password']")
passworword_elem.clear()
passworword_elem.send_keys(self.password)
passworword_elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
time.sleep(2)
"""getting pictures on a hashtag page"""
def get_pictures_on_page(self, hashtag, scrolls=int):
self.driver.get("https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/" + hashtag + "/")
time.sleep(2)
# gathering photos
pic_hrefs = []
for i in range(1, scrolls):
try:
self.driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
time.sleep(2)
# get tags
hrefs_in_view = self.driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('a')
# finding relevant hrefs
hrefs_in_view = [elem.get_attribute('href') for elem in hrefs_in_view if
hashtag in elem.get_attribute('href')]
# building list of unique photos
[pic_hrefs.append(href) for href in hrefs_in_view if href not in pic_hrefs]
# print("Check: pic href length " + str(len(pic_hrefs)))
except Exception:
continue
return pic_hrefs
"""write comment in text area using lambda function"""
def write_comment(self, comment_text):
try:
comment_button = lambda: self.driver.find_element_by_link_text('Comment')
comment_button().click()
except NoSuchElementException:
pass
try:
comment_box_elem = lambda: self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//textarea[#aria-label='Add a comment…']")
comment_box_elem().send_keys('')
comment_box_elem().clear()
for letter in comment_text:
comment_box_elem().send_keys(letter)
time.sleep((random.randint(1, 7) / 30))
return comment_box_elem
except StaleElementReferenceException and NoSuchElementException as e:
print(e)
return False
"""actually post a comment"""
def post_comment(self, comment_text):
time.sleep(random.randint(1,5))
comment_box_elem = self.write_comment(comment_text)
if comment_text in self.driver.page_source:
comment_box_elem().send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
try:
post_button = lambda: self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[#type='Post']")
post_button().click()
print('clicked post button')
except NoSuchElementException:
pass
time.sleep(random.randint(4, 6))
self.driver.refresh()
if comment_text in self.driver.page_source:
return True
return False
"""grab comments from a picture page"""
def get_comments(self):
# load more comments if button exists
time.sleep(3)
try:
comments_block = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name('Xl2Pu')
comments_in_block = comments_block.find_elements_by_class_name('gElp9')
comments = [x.find_element_by_tag_name('span') for x in comments_in_block]
user_comment = re.sub(r'#.\w*', '', comments[0].text)
except NoSuchElementException:
return ''
return user_comment
"""have bot comment on picture"""
def comment_on_picture(self):
bot = ChatBot('YouTubeChatBot')
bot.set_trainer(ListTrainer)
picture_comment = self.get_comments()
# user's comment and bot's response
response = bot.get_response(picture_comment).__str__()
print("User's Comment", picture_comment)
print("Bot's Response", response)
return self.post_comment(response)
com: Commenter = Commenter(username='username', password='password')
com.login()
for pic in com.get_pictures_on_page(hashtag='gaming', scrolls=5)[1:]:
com.driver.get(pic)
time.sleep(3)
print('Posted Comment:', com.comment_on_picture())
time.sleep(3)
that is the script I have the most problems I have I have tried things along the lines of changing extensions and other little things it resolved most of them now im stuck with these ones
The username and password field within Instagram are JavaScript enabled element so you have to induce WebDriverWait for the desired element to be clickable and you can use the following solution:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
options = Options()
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument("disable-infobars")
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get('https://www.instagram.com')
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a[href='/accounts/login/?source=auth_switcher']"))).click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name='username'][aria-label='Phone number, username, or email']"))).send_keys("JRProgrammer")
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password'][aria-label='Password']").send_keys("JRProgrammer")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[text()='Log in']").click()
If you read the stack trace, it says that it is failing to find the login button, so you've entered a bad selector. I'm not really sure why you're calling that anyway, since you wouldn't want to click the login button before entering user info.
Try:
def login(self) -> object:
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://www.instagram.com/")
time.sleep(2)
user_name_elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[#name='username']")
user_name_elem.clear()
user_name_elem.send_keys(self.username)
passworword_elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[#name='password']")
passworword_elem.clear()
passworword_elem.send_keys(self.password)
passworword_elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
time.sleep(2)
login_button = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("button[type='submit']")
login_button.click()
time.sleep(2)
used to sent attachment through selenium, using self._attach_and_send_screenshot() funtion to autogenertation.
Enter anything after scanning QR code
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "wht.py", line 21, in
attach_and_send_screenshot()
NameError: name 'attach_and_send_screenshot' is not defined
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException, ElementNotVisibleException
from urllib.parse import quote_plus
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://web.whatsapp.com/')
all_names = ['Anas Cse']
msg = 'testing'
count = 1
input('Enter anything after scanning QR code')
for name in all_names:
user = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span[#title = "{}"]'.format(name))
user.click()
msg_box = driver.find_element_by_class_name('_2S1VP')
for i in range(count):
self._attach_and_send_screenshot()
# msg_box.send_keys(msg)
# button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('_2lkdt')
# button.click()
def _attach_and_send_screenshot(self):
# TODO - ElementNotVisibleException - this shouldn't happen but when would it
# local variables for x_path elements on browser
attach_xpath = '//*[#id="main"]/header/div[3]/div/div[2]/div'
send_file_xpath = '//*[#id="app"]/div/div/div[1]/div[2]/span/div/span/div/div/div[2]/span[2]/div/div'
if self.attachment_type == "img":
attach_type_xpath = '//*[#id="main"]/header/div[3]/div/div[2]/span/div/div/ul/li[1]/input'
elif self.attachment_type == "cam":
attach_type_xpath = '//*[#id="main"]/header/div[3]/div/div[2]/span/div/div/ul/li[2]/button'
elif self.attachment_type == "doc":
attach_type_xpath = '//*[#id="main"]/header/div[3]/div/div[2]/span/div/div/ul/li[3]/input'
try:
# open attach menu
attach_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(attach_xpath)
attach_btn.click()
# Find attach file btn and send screenshot path to input
time.sleep(1)
attach_img_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(attach_type_xpath)
# TODO - might need to click on transportation mode if url doesn't work
attach_img_btn.send_keys(os.getcwd() + "/screenshot.png") # get current script path + img_path
time.sleep(1)
send_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(send_file_xpath)
send_btn.click()
# close attach menu
time.sleep(1)
attach_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(attach_xpath)
attach_btn.click()
except (NoSuchElementException, ElementNotVisibleException) as e:
print(str(e))
send_message((str(e)))
send_message("Bot failed to retrieve search content, try again...")
def send_message(msg):
whatsapp_msg = driver.find_element_by_class_name('_2S1VP')
whatsapp_msg.send_keys(msg)
whatsapp_msg.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
move the function definitions before your main logic. You are trying to call a function that has not been defined yet
So I am trying to verify text is an element, basically I'm testing what happens when no search results are found. However I'm getting the following error message every time and I cannot figure out why.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 40, in test_article_no_result_search
assert article_results_page.is_articles_not_found(), "Articles found surprisingly."
File "/Users/tester/Documents/Automated Tests/foobar/page.py", line 71, in is_articles_not_found
return "No Results Available" in element.get_attribute("value")
TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable
HTML element I'm trying to verify
<div class="simple-div results-num-span" data-node="group_0.SimpleDiv_0">No Results Available</div>
Here is my test case from test.py
class SearchTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.get(TestingURLS.URL)
def test_article_no_result_search(self):
main_page = MainPage(self.driver)
main_page.load_page()
main_page.click_article_search_input_clear()
main_page.enter_no_result_search_term()
main_page.click_article_search_button()
article_results_page = ArticleResultsPage(self.driver)
article_results_page.load_page()
assert article_results_page.is_articles_not_found(), "Articles found surprisingly."
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit
Relevant function in page.py
def is_articles_not_found(self):
element = self.driver.find_element(*SearchResultLocators.UPPER_RESULT_DISPLAY)
return "No Results Available" in element.get_attribute("value")
Relevant locator from locators.py
class SearchResultLocators(object):
UPPER_RESULT_DISPLAY = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.simple-div.results-num-span")
RESULT_COUNT = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.num-shown")
FIRST_ARTICLE_RESULT = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.result")
element.get_attribute("value") can be applied to input nodes of type "text". In your case it is div with child text node, so you can perform below assertion:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as wait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
def is_articles_not_found(self):
element = self.driver.find_element(*SearchResultLocators.UPPER_RESULT_DISPLAY)
try:
return wait(self.driver, 3).until(lambda driver: element.text == "No Results Available")
except TimeoutException:
return False
I come out one question about selenium web test. Since all elements require their own xpath or css selector to be action by selenium webdriver.
I have tried to use python Enum and create something like
file: elementEnum.py
from enum import Enum
class PageA(Enum):
pElementA = '//div[{}]'
pElementB = '//a[.="{}"]'
pElementC = '//div[#class={}]'
class PageB(Enum):
pElementA = '//button[.="{}""]'
pElementB = '//table/tr[{}]/td[{}]'
but it turns out lots of time I require to build the string in python format function and it does not see pythonoic.
from elementEnum import *
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[#class="aaaaaa"]/{}'.format((PageA.pElementA.value).format(1)))
driver.find_element_by_xpath('{}/{}'.format(PageA.pElementA.value).format(1), PageA.pElementB.value.format(2)))
driver.find_element_by_xpath('{}/{}'.format(PageB.pElementB.value).format(1, 3), PageA.pElementA.value.format(2)))
What is the best way for me to list out all corresponse element and their locator.
you could use the
EC.visibility_of_element_located to locate the element
http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/waits.html
sample code :
class SeleniumBaseClass(object):
def __init__(self,driver):
self.driver = driver
def open(self,URL):
self.driver.get(URL)
def driverURLChange(self,URL):
print("change URL" + URL)
self.driver.get(URL)
def currentUrl(self):
print("URL " + self.driver.current_url)
return self.driver.current_url
def switchNewWindow(self):
self.driver.switch_to_window(self.driver.window_handles[1])
return self.driver.title
def locateElement(self, loc):
try:
print(loc)
element = WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
return element
except:
print ("cannot find {0} element".format(loc))
return None
and you could
password_loc =(By.NAME,'password')
webdriver = SeleniumBaseClass(driver)
webdriver.locateElement(password_loc )
this could you pass the tuple to locate the element