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Azure DevOps Python {"count":1,"value":{"Message":"Unexpected character encountered while parsing value: q. Path '', line 0, position 0.\r\n"}}

Trying to get Work Items for an Azure DevOps Project.
import requests
import base64
from azure.devops.connection import Connection
from azure.devops.v5_1.work_item_tracking.models import Wiql
from msrest.authentication import BasicAuthentication
organization = "https://dev.azure.com/dev"
pat = 'ey3nbq'
authorization = str(base64.b64encode(bytes(':'+pat, 'ascii')), 'ascii')
headers = {
'Accept': 'application/json',
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': 'Basic '+authorization
}
payload = {
"query": "SELECT [System.Id] FROM workitemLinks WHERE ([Source].[System.WorkItemType] = 'Task') AND ([System.Links.LinkType] = 'System.LinkTypes.Hierarchy-Reverse') AND ([Target].[System.WorkItemType] = 'User Story') MODE (DoesNotContain)"
}
response = requests.post(url="https://dev.azure.com/dev/Agile_Board/_apis/wit/wiql?api-version=5.1", headers=headers, data=payload)
print(response.text)
Gives response 400
Have tried many things, been struggling a bit with this. Any help is much appreciated. How to get project's work items without using their ID . Does the request need to be changed in some way?

Update your post to (json=payload):
response = requests.post(url="https://dev.azure.com/YOUR_ORG/Agile_Board/_apis/wit/wiql?api-version=5.1", headers=headers, json=payload)
or use something like this:
payload_str = "{\"query\": \"SELECT [System.Id] FROM workitemLinks WHERE ([Source].[System.WorkItemType] = 'Task') AND ([System.Links.LinkType] = 'System.LinkTypes.Hierarchy-Reverse') AND ([Target].[System.WorkItemType] = 'User Story') MODE (DoesNotContain)\"}"
response = requests.post(url="https://dev.azure.com/YOUR_ORG/Agile_Board/_apis/wit/wiql?api-version=5.1", headers=headers, data=payload_str)
Check this question: How to POST JSON data with Python Requests?

Send image in request from python

I am trying to upload an image using POST request. From Postman, it is giving success but when I try same code from python, I am getting an error (payload validation failed). Following is my code in python:
import requests
url = "http://10....."
payload = {}
files=[('pdf_file',('passport.jpg', open('/D:/passport.jpg','rb'), 'image/jpeg'))]
headers = {
'accept':'application/json',
'Content-Type':'multipart/form-data',
'Authorization':'<token_here>',
}
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers = headers, data = payload, files = files)
print(response.text)
While invoking request from postman, headers are same as above code. Select form-data in body section and upload image for key "pdf_file".
Is there any difference in both approaches?

You should omit content type from headers
headers = {
'accept':'application/json',
'Authorization':'<token_here>'
}

"Bad Gateway" error using Python requests module with multipart encoded file POST

I am getting the error message "Bad Gateway
The proxy server received an invalid
response from an upstream server" with the following code:
import requests
url = "https://apis.company.com/v3/media"
attachments = 'media': ('x.mp3', open('x.mp3', 'r'))}
headers = {'content-type': "multipart/form-data",'cache-control': "no-cache"
'Authorization':"Bearer zzz" }
response = requests.post(url, files=attachments, headers = headers)
print response.text
I'm following the example in the requests Quickstart documentation, where it says "You can also pass a list of tuples to the data argument": http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/#post-a-multipart-encoded-file
What is causing this error and how can I fix it?

The main problem was that I set the content-type in the header. This code works:
import requests
url = 'https://apis.company.com/v3/media'
token = 'token-goes-here'
headers = { 'Authorization' : 'Bearer ' + token }
filename = 'x.mp3'
with open(filename, 'rb') as media_file:
attachments = {
'media': (filename, media_file, 'application/octet-stream')
}
response = requests.post(url, files = attachments, headers = headers)
print response.text

Receiving incorrect response from posting JSON to an URL

I'm trying to post JSON to an URL but the response seems to be wrong.
url = "www.example123.com/someurl"
mypayload = { //JSON PAYLOAD }
response = request.post(url, post = payload, auth = ("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"))
print(response.content)
But it does not seem to work. What is wrong with the code?

You need the appropriate header for the specifying its JSON data.
Try :
headers_JSON = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
response = request.post(url, JSON = mypayload, headers = headers_JSON, auth = ("USERNAME", "PASSWORD"))
Also note, instead of post = payload, use JSON = payload.
If that doesn't work use:
post = JSON.dumps(payload)
A quick look at the documentation will help : http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/

var retval = jQuery.ajax({
type:'post',
url: url,
contentType: 'application/json',
data: JSON.stringify(data)
});
You can see in above jquery ajax we are setting content Type to "application/json"
You can see in your request payload what it is. It all depends upon what your server API is expecting means Content Type.

Google Places Checkin POST request in Python

I'm trying POST a check-in request in Google Places API. The way they described it, I have to request this -
POST https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/check-in/json?sensor=true_or_false&key=AddYourOwnKeyHere HTTP/1.1
Host: maps.googleapis.com
{
"reference": "place_reference"
}
My Current code looks like this -
def checkin(self, reference="", sensor="true"):
"""
"""
base_url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/check-in/json"
params = urllib.urlencode(
{
'key': self.API_KEY,
'sensor': sensor,
}
)
post_url = base_url + "?" + params
headers = { 'Host': "maps.googleapis.com" }
data = urllib.urlencode({ 'reference': reference })
req = Request(post_url, data, headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
resp = response.read()
But I keep getting the error -
urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request
What am I doing wrong?

Your problem is that the API is expecting JSON when you are sending it the literal reference: xyz
You need to send it the JSON representation.
Try:
data = json.dumps({'reference': reference})