Develop Reference

How can open my local Chrome (no chromedriver.exe) and navigate with Selenium

I am stucking with a script to do the following
I want to open my local chrome in which I have several accounts logged in, so for this I do:
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe")
but when I do that
driver.get(url)
doesn't send me to the URL I want.
On the other hand if I do it with
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(URL)
Everything goes smoothly but it opens it with the chromedriver.exe and therefore the accounts are not logged in.
Any idea how to open the local chrome and then be able to browse?
Any solutions for the problem

You need to load your user profile while initializing selenium webdriver.
You can do it using
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("user-data-dir=C:\\Path to local user profile") #Path to your chrome profile
w = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\\Path to your local chrome.exe installation", chrome_options=options)
Typing chrome://version/ in chrome address bar will show you the path to user profile.

In automation, when we use Selenium to interact with a web browser, we need a browser driver to communicate with the specific browser. ChromeDriver is the specific driver for Google Chrome. When you use webdriver.Chrome(), it launches the Chrome browser using the ChromeDriver executable. Chromedriver is a bridge between your Selenium script and the Chrome browser exactly as taxi driver is a bridge between you and taxi car.
Chrome uses profiles. By default in tests are not used local profiles of users. The new temporary profile is created instead. However, it is possible to point out the profile which should be used.

You need to pass additional argument user-data-dir to the Chrome options when initialising the Chrome driver, in order to open the local default Chrome profile. If you need to point out specific profile then you should use profile-directory.
Example:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument(r"--user-data-dir=C:/Users/[username]/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/User Data")
options.add_argument(r'--profile-directory=YourProfileDir')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe', chrome_options=options)
driver.get(URL)
To find the profile folder on Windows right-click the desktop shortcut of the Chrome profile you want to use and go to properties -> shortcut and you will find it in the "target" text box.
See also the following answers:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/66179265/21085370
https://stackoverflow.com/a/69251146/21085370
https://stackoverflow.com/a/67389309/21085370
The official documentation is here

Chrome crashes when selenium launches a website

I am trying to open a website on chrome via selenium with the following code:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
s=Service('C:/Users/Morteza/Documents/Dev/chromedriver.exe')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)
url='https://www.google.com'
browser.get(url)
link to problem: https://share.cleanshot.com/p1qu5y

This is not an issue or crash. After the specified actions are completed successfully, selenium closes the web browser. This program works fine.
Use the following code with a while True block
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("detach", True)

This isn't any crash or an error as such. Selenium automatically closes the client i.e. the Chrome Browser instance after executing the last line of your code. However this practice may accumulate undeleted/zombie chromedriver instances within your system.
Ideally, you always need to invoke driver.quit() within tearDown(){} method to close & destroy the WebDriver and Web Client instances gracefully at the end of your tests.

the chromedrive path in your code, i guess your platform is windows.
but the picture you post revease that your machine is mac.
pay attention to the chromedriver file PATH and your PC platform, make sure they suit to each other.
or you could put chromedriver in system PATH variable, so you do not need to specify the chromedrive path in your code

how to run Selenium ChromeDriver with cookies from actual Chrome installation?

I want to use Selenium(python) to log in to several sites and I need to get all my Chrome cookies,
How should I do this?

This is a duplicate question, anyways:
Do the following:
# Remember to import
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
# Your user agent
options.add_argument("YOUR_USER_AGENT")
# Path to chrome application
options.add_argument("CHROME_APPLICATION_PATH")
# Path to chrome driver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="CHROME_DRIVER_PATH", options=options)
You will need to do some research about your own system and see what exactly is your user-agent (there are a million site that tell you)
As well as finding the correct path for your chrome application.
Then, proceed normally, this will execute chrome as if you opened it yourself.

Change ChromeOptions in an existing webdriver

Scenario: There is a requirement of downloading files from web hierarchy to local drive under same hierarchy.
Example Web Hierarchy:
Parent 1:
Child 1:
*File 1
Child 2:
*File 2
When downloading File 1, it should store in path 1 - "C:\....\Downloads\Parent 1\Child 1\"
When downloading File 2, it should store in path 2 - "C:\....\Downloads\Parent 1\Child 2\"
Problem:
When I keep "C:....\Downloads\Parent 1\Child 1\" download path in chrome webdriver while initializing webdriver first time in setUp() & download "File 1", it downloads in expected folder.
But when I set next "C:....\Downloads\Parent 1\Child 2\" download path in chrome webdriver for downloading File 2 in it, it opens another chrome browser because I am using another webdriver for setting path 2.
Required Solution:
I want to use existing webdriver to set different chrome download paths or any other workaround you can think of.
Current Code:
def setUp(self):
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chromedriver_path, option_with_path_1_set)
def test_downloadFiles(self):
\*code to download first file\*
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chromedriver_path, option_with_path_2_set)
\*code to download second file\*
def tearDown(self):
browser.quit()
Please let me know if you require any additional information.
Thanks in advance!

When you configure an instance of a ChromeDriver through ChromeOptions to initiate a new Chrome Browser the configuration gets baked into the chromedriver executable which will persist for the lifetime of the WebDriver and remain uneditable.
Even if you are able to extract the ChromeDriver and ChromeSession attributes e.g. Session ID, Cookies and other session attributes from the initiated Browsing Session still you won't be able to change those attributes of the ChromeDriver.
A cleaner way would be to call driver.quit() within tearDown(){} method to close and destroy the ChromeDriver and Chrome Browser instances gracefully and then span a new set of ChromeDriver and Chrome Browser instance with the new set of configurations.
tl; dr
You can find a couple of relevant discussions in:
How to set selenium webdriver from headless mode to normal mode within the same session?
How do I make Chrome Headless after I login manually

Selenium - How to import all settings from an existing Firefox profile

Why am I doing this:
I need to automate a website that requires client-side SSL certificates. I understand this to be an option which cannot be specified using fp.set_preference(). I am not in control of the server I am connecting to thus I cannot change the security setup.
What have I tried
I have created a separate Firefox profile which has the required 'client-side password protected SSL certificates' set up, select one certificate automaticaly and some manual proxy settings (SOCKS 5). After much googling I have set my code as follows:
from selenium import webdriver
url = 'https://www.paininneck.co.uk'
fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(r"""C:\Users\
<user>\AppData\Local\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\<Firefox>""")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(fp)
driver.get(url)
The Problem:
The browser does open, however, it is still using the default profile. None of the settings I have changed in the other profile has copied across. The profile specified in my code is still working with selecting it through the Firefox UI.
I am hoping I missed something simple and all this time googling has not been in vain! I am reluctant to change to default settings, however after tweaking the default profile to see if the settings would copy over it is apparent that they don't and Selenium is making a clean copy each time.
Kind regards
Rich
Versions:
Python==3.6.1,
Selenium==3.4.3,
Firefox==53
gecko driver==v0.16.1
OS==Windows(Its for work dont judge me!)

Using Selenium 3.4.x, Python 3.6.1 along with geckodriver v0.16.1 & Mozilla Firefox 53.0, you can use the existing Firefox profile through the following steps:
Locate the Firefox Profile directory on your windows box. For e.g. my Firefox Profile "debanjan" was located at C:\\Users\\AtechM_03\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles by the name w8iy627a.debanjan.
Next, you have to specify the absolute path of the Firefox Profile directory when you initiate the webdriver.
Here is the working code which opens an existing Firefox Profile 'debanjan' on my Windows machine:
It is to be noted that the current Selenium-Python binding is unstable with geckodriver and looks to be Architecture specific. You can find the github discussion and merge here. So you may additionally need to pass the absolute path of the firefox binary while initializing the webdriver
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile('C:\\Users\\AtechM_03\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\w8iy627a.debanjan')
binary = FirefoxBinary('C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile, firefox_binary=binary, executable_path="C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\geckodriver.exe")
url = 'https://www.paininneck.co.uk'
driver.get(url)