Related
Code:
import numpy as np
import cv
Console:
>>> runfile('/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2/temp.py', wdir='/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2')
RuntimeError: module compiled against API version a but this version of numpy is 9
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 685, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 78, in execfile
builtins.execfile(filename, *where)
File "/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2/temp.py", line 9, in <module>
import cv
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/cv.py", line 1, in <module>
from cv2.cv import *
ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import
>>>
System Info: OS X El Capitan, Macbook Air, 1.3 GHz Intel Core i5, 8 GB 1600 HMz DDR3
I have already attempted updating numpy. I had to add cv.py to the python2.7 folder in Spyder-Py2 is there something else I need to add?
Upgrade numpy to the latest version
pip install numpy --upgrade
Check the path
import numpy
print numpy.__path__
For me this was /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy So I moved it to a temporary place
sudo mv /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy \
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy_old
and then the next time I imported numpy the path was /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/numpy/init.pyc and all was well.
This worked for me:
sudo pip install numpy --upgrade --ignore-installed
You are likely running the Mac default (/usr/bin/python) which has an older version of numpy installed in the system folders. The easiest way to get python working with opencv is to use brew to install both python and opencv into /usr/local and run the /usr/local/bin/python.
brew install python
brew tap homebrew/science
brew install opencv
I ran into the same issue tonight. It turned out to be a problem where I had multiple numpy packages installed. An older version was installed in /usr/lib/python2.7 and the correct version was installed in /usr/local/lib/python2.7.
Additionally, I had PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. PYTHONPATH was finding the older version of numpy before the correct version, so when inside the Python interpreter, it would import the older version of numpy.
One thing which helped was opening a python session an executing the following code:
import numpy as np
print np.__version__
print np.__path__
That should tell you exactly which version Python is using, and where it's installed.
To fix the issue, I changed PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. And I also setup a virtual Python environment using the Hitchiker's Guide to Python, specifically the section titled "Lower level: virtualenv" . I know I should have setup a virtual environment in the first place, but I was tired and being lazy. Oh well, lesson learned!
(Update)
Just in case the docs are moved again, here are the relevant bits on...
Creating a Python Virtual Environment
Install virtualenv via pip:
$ install virtualenv
Test the installation:
$ virtualenv --version
Optionally, et the environment variable VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON to change the default version of python used by virtual environments, for example to use Python 3:
$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=$(which python3)
Optionally, set the environment variable WORKON_HOME to change the default directory your Python virtual environments are created in, for example to use /opt/python_envs:
$ export WORKON_HOME=/opt/python_envs
Create a virtual environment for a project:
$ cd my_project_folder
$ virtualenv my_virtual_env_name
Activate the virtual environment, you just created. Assuming you also set WORKON_HOME=/opt/python_envs:
$ source $WORKON_HOME/my_virtual_env_name/bin/activate
Install whatever Python packages your project requires, using either of the following two methods.
Method 1 - Install using pip from command line:
$ pip install python_package_name1
$ pip install python_package_name2
Method 2 - Install using a requests.txt file:
$ echo "python_package_name1" >> requests.txt
$ echo "python_package_name2" >> requests.txt
$ pip install -r ./requests.txt
Optionally, but highly recommended, install virtualenvwrapper. It contains useful commands to make working with virtual Python environments easier:
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper
$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
On Windows, install virtualenvwrapper using:
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper-win
Basic usage of virtualenvwrapper
Create a new virtual environment:
$ mkvirtualenv my_virtual_env_name
List all virtual environments:
$ lsvirtualenv
Activate a virtual environment:
$ workon my_virtual_env_name
Delete a virtual environment (caution! this is irreversible!):
$ rmvirtualenv my_virtual_env_name
I hope this help!
To solve the problem do following:
First uninstall numpy
sudo pip uninstall numpy
Install numpy with --no-cache-dir option
sudo pip install --no-cache-dir numpy
And to specify any specific version e.g. 1.14.2
sudo pip install --no-cache-dir numpy==1.14.2
This command solved my problem.
pip3 install --upgrade numpy
upgrading numpy to rescue
numpy official document suggests users to do upgrade to solve this issue [1].
pip install numpy --upgrade
which version of numpy should I upgrade to
But you may upgrade to a version that is too new/old for your environment. I spent a long time trying to figure out which version of numpy is expected to be upgraded to when running into this error, and here is a list [2] of numpy versions with their corresponding C API versions, which may be useful for troubleshooting such an issue:
# 0x00000008 - 1.7.x
# 0x00000009 - 1.8.x
# 0x00000009 - 1.9.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.10.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.11.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.12.x
# 0x0000000b - 1.13.x
# 0x0000000c - 1.14.x
# 0x0000000c - 1.15.x
# 0x0000000d - 1.16.x
# 0x0000000d - 1.19.x
# 0x0000000e - 1.20.x
# 0x0000000e - 1.21.x
# 0x0000000f - 1.22.x
# 0x00000010 - 1.23.x
# 0x00000010 - 1.24.x
You can find the list here [2].
And the C API VERSION in numpy is tracked in three places according to [3]:
numpy/core/setup_common.py
numpy/core/code_generators/cversions.txt
numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h
The error is reported by numpy's source code here [4]
references
[1] https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html#c-api-incompatibility
[2] https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/core/setup_common.py
[3] https://numpy.org/doc/stable/dev/releasing.html#check-the-c-api-version-number
[4] https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/bdec32181605c8179fd79624d14c1cf019de75af/numpy/core/code_generators/generate_numpy_api.py#L79
I got the same issue with quaternion module. When updating modules with conda, the numpy version is not up^dated to the last one. If forcing update with pip command pip install --upgrade numpy + install quaternion module by pip install --user numpy numpy-quaternion, the issue is fixed.
May be the issue is coming from the numpy version.
Here the execution result:
Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Oct 15 2017, 03:34:40) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> print np.__version__
1.14.3
>>>
(base) C:\Users\jc>pip install --user numpy numpy-quaternion
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\programdata\anaconda2\lib\site-packages (1.14.3)
Collecting numpy-quaternion
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/73/5720d1d0a95bc2d4af2f7326280172bd255db2e8e56f6fbe81933aa00006/numpy_quaternion-2018.5.10.13.50.12-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl (49kB)
100% |################################| 51kB 581kB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy-quaternion
Successfully installed numpy-quaternion-2018.5.10.13.50.12
(base) C:\Users\jc>python
Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Oct 15 2017, 03:34:40) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import quaternion
>>>
I faced the same problem due to documentation inconsistencies.
This page says the examples in the docs work best with python 3.x: https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_intro/py_intro.html#intro , whereas this installation page has links to python 2.7, and older versions of numpy and matplotlib: https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_setup_in_windows/py_setup_in_windows.html
My setup was as such: I already had Python 3.6 and 3.5 installed, but since OpenCv-python docs said it works best with 2.7.x, I also installed that version. After I installed numpy (in Python27 directory, without pip but with the default extractor, since pip is not part of the default python 2.7 installation like it is in 3.6), I ran in this RuntimeError: module compiled against API version a but this version of numpy is error. I tried many different versions of both numpy and opencv, but to no avail. Lastly, I simply deleted numpy from python27 (just delete the folder in site-packages as well as any other remaining numpy-named files), and installed the latest versions of numpy, matplotlib, and opencv in the Python3.6 version using pip no problem. Been running opencv ever since.
Hope this saves somebody some time.
When all else fail, check with the following script and disable unwanted python import path(s), or upgrade the package on those paths:
python ./test.py
test.py content:
import numpy as np
print(f'numpy version:{np.__version__}')
import sys
from pprint import pprint
pprint(sys.path)
import tensorflow as tf
print(f'TensorFlow version: {tf.__version__}')
For my case, it was the outdated conda version in ~/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages that was messing things up :(
For those using anaconda Python:
conda update anaconda
You might want to check your matplotlib version.
Somehow I installed a dev version of matplotlib which caused the issue. A downgrade to stable release fixed it.
One can also can try python -v -c 'import YOUR_PACKAGE' 2>&1 | less to see where the issue occurred and if the lines above error can give you some hints.
You may also want to check your $PYTHONPATH. I had changed mine in ~/.bashrc in order to get another package to work.
To check your path:
echo $PYTHONPATH
To change your path (I use nano but you could edit another way)
nano ~/.bashrc
Look for the line with export PYTHONPATH ...
After making changes, don't forget to
source ~/.bashrc
I had the same error when trying to launch spyder. "RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa".
This error appeared once I modified the numpy version of my machine by mistake (I thought I was in a venv). If your are using spyder installed with conda, my advice is to only use conda to manage package.
This works for me:
conda install anaconda
(I had conda but no anaconda on my machine)
then:
conda update numpy
The below command worked for me :
conda install -c anaconda numpy
Although this question is very old, but I do believe there are still many facing similar problem as I did. I encountered the above reported error when I used Python3 in a Raspberry Pi micro-computer, which is running on Raspberry Pi OS.
This is perhaps due to missing some libraries when installed the Numpy module. I solved this problem following the suggestion in the Numpy website.
Solutions for Numpy Module Import Error
This Numpy troubleshooting website is really informative and provides cross-platform solutions for Windows, Anaconda, Raspberry, etc. Perhaps, someone can first follow the suggestion in this Numpy official website in order to solve the error.
I had same issue when I used import pyopencl and I did not want to upgrade numpy cause tensorflow requires old version of numpy so I solved it by simply:
python -m pip uninstall pyopencl && python -m pip install pyopencl
This way pyopencl was configured with existing numpy version and error solved.
I suffered with this problem for a long time, firstly you have to upgrade numby then try this code :
import numpy as np
print np.__version__
if gives you different version from the new one , uninstall the numpy(the new version) and use this
print numpy.__path__
go to that old numpy and delete the file , then install new version again
This works for me:
My pip is not work after upgrade, so the first thing I need to do is to fix it with
sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip
Change the line
from pip import main
to
from pip._internal import main
Then,
sudo pip install -U numpy
I'm trying to use the ReadIM package with an anaconda environment (anaconda 4.7.12, python 3.8, pip 19.3.1), thus requiring me to use pip install readIM which succeeds, with the package found in conda list and pip list.
I have read a lot of posts talking about using the correct python and pip paths, my python where shows only my anaconda path, where I ran conda install pip beforehand, and then pip -V shows my pip is in my conda path.
I have tried conda update --all and pip uninstall readIM. I also read that it could be an issue with Jupyter notebook, hence in the conda command prompt I tried python then import readIM, which still gave me the same import error.
As advised on the source page, I tried installing by running python setup.py build install/python setup.py install in the source directory, however this gave me an error
cygwin TypeError: '>=' not supported between instances of 'NoneType' and 'str'
I am at a loss, any ideas?
Thanks,
Mustafa.
UPDATE:
Managed to compile it from source successfully, but still get the same error:
(base) C:>python -m pip install ReadIM-0.8.2.tar.gz
Processing c:\readim-0.8.2.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: ReadIM
Building wheel for ReadIM (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for ReadIM: filename=ReadIM-0.8.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl size=219546 sha256=90f8960a6f1f80ae62dc18eab4bcd31fb2a6dfd7da364a5c15fc37e6e2ce0360
Stored in directory: C:\Users\mi4517\AppData\Local\pip\Cache\wheels\d6\a9\11\936e986255027bb654601b322a3431f9bcc3fde72ebb406835
Successfully built ReadIM
Installing collected packages: ReadIM
Successfully installed ReadIM-0.8.2
(base) C:>python
Python 3.7.5 (default, Oct 31 2019, 15:18:51) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
import readIM
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readIM'>
Following their instructions (python setup.py build install then python setup.py test) yields a successful build but a failed test:
C:\ReadIM-0.8.2>python setup.py test
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "setup.py", line 41, in
assert os.path.isdir(testFileDir)
AssertionError
SOLUTION
It was installing correctly, just that I was importing it incorrectly in Python. I was doing import readIM or import readim when it should be import ReadIM I did not know it was case sensitive!
Thank you for your help, apologies for the trivial mistake on my part.
I had faced a similar issue. With your conda environment activated, type
which pip
Check if it shows the path to pip in your environment. In my case, it was not. It was showing path to some other pip. So pip install was installing in that environment. To fix use the full path of pip, like below
~/anaconda3/envs/my_env/bin/pip install ...
To avoid this issue follow these steps
open Anaconda prompt
type this command conda install -c conda-forge imread
after installation open jupiter notebook.
type import imread then run.
It was installing correctly, just that I was importing it incorrectly in Python. I was doing import readIM or import readim when it should be import ReadIM I did not know it was case sensitive!
Thank you for your help, apologies for the trivial mistake on my part.
Code:
import numpy as np
import cv
Console:
>>> runfile('/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2/temp.py', wdir='/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2')
RuntimeError: module compiled against API version a but this version of numpy is 9
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 685, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 78, in execfile
builtins.execfile(filename, *where)
File "/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2/temp.py", line 9, in <module>
import cv
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/cv.py", line 1, in <module>
from cv2.cv import *
ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import
>>>
System Info: OS X El Capitan, Macbook Air, 1.3 GHz Intel Core i5, 8 GB 1600 HMz DDR3
I have already attempted updating numpy. I had to add cv.py to the python2.7 folder in Spyder-Py2 is there something else I need to add?
Upgrade numpy to the latest version
pip install numpy --upgrade
Check the path
import numpy
print numpy.__path__
For me this was /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy So I moved it to a temporary place
sudo mv /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy \
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy_old
and then the next time I imported numpy the path was /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/numpy/init.pyc and all was well.
This worked for me:
sudo pip install numpy --upgrade --ignore-installed
You are likely running the Mac default (/usr/bin/python) which has an older version of numpy installed in the system folders. The easiest way to get python working with opencv is to use brew to install both python and opencv into /usr/local and run the /usr/local/bin/python.
brew install python
brew tap homebrew/science
brew install opencv
I ran into the same issue tonight. It turned out to be a problem where I had multiple numpy packages installed. An older version was installed in /usr/lib/python2.7 and the correct version was installed in /usr/local/lib/python2.7.
Additionally, I had PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. PYTHONPATH was finding the older version of numpy before the correct version, so when inside the Python interpreter, it would import the older version of numpy.
One thing which helped was opening a python session an executing the following code:
import numpy as np
print np.__version__
print np.__path__
That should tell you exactly which version Python is using, and where it's installed.
To fix the issue, I changed PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. And I also setup a virtual Python environment using the Hitchiker's Guide to Python, specifically the section titled "Lower level: virtualenv" . I know I should have setup a virtual environment in the first place, but I was tired and being lazy. Oh well, lesson learned!
(Update)
Just in case the docs are moved again, here are the relevant bits on...
Creating a Python Virtual Environment
Install virtualenv via pip:
$ install virtualenv
Test the installation:
$ virtualenv --version
Optionally, et the environment variable VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON to change the default version of python used by virtual environments, for example to use Python 3:
$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=$(which python3)
Optionally, set the environment variable WORKON_HOME to change the default directory your Python virtual environments are created in, for example to use /opt/python_envs:
$ export WORKON_HOME=/opt/python_envs
Create a virtual environment for a project:
$ cd my_project_folder
$ virtualenv my_virtual_env_name
Activate the virtual environment, you just created. Assuming you also set WORKON_HOME=/opt/python_envs:
$ source $WORKON_HOME/my_virtual_env_name/bin/activate
Install whatever Python packages your project requires, using either of the following two methods.
Method 1 - Install using pip from command line:
$ pip install python_package_name1
$ pip install python_package_name2
Method 2 - Install using a requests.txt file:
$ echo "python_package_name1" >> requests.txt
$ echo "python_package_name2" >> requests.txt
$ pip install -r ./requests.txt
Optionally, but highly recommended, install virtualenvwrapper. It contains useful commands to make working with virtual Python environments easier:
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper
$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
On Windows, install virtualenvwrapper using:
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper-win
Basic usage of virtualenvwrapper
Create a new virtual environment:
$ mkvirtualenv my_virtual_env_name
List all virtual environments:
$ lsvirtualenv
Activate a virtual environment:
$ workon my_virtual_env_name
Delete a virtual environment (caution! this is irreversible!):
$ rmvirtualenv my_virtual_env_name
I hope this help!
To solve the problem do following:
First uninstall numpy
sudo pip uninstall numpy
Install numpy with --no-cache-dir option
sudo pip install --no-cache-dir numpy
And to specify any specific version e.g. 1.14.2
sudo pip install --no-cache-dir numpy==1.14.2
This command solved my problem.
pip3 install --upgrade numpy
upgrading numpy to rescue
numpy official document suggests users to do upgrade to solve this issue [1].
pip install numpy --upgrade
which version of numpy should I upgrade to
But you may upgrade to a version that is too new/old for your environment. I spent a long time trying to figure out which version of numpy is expected to be upgraded to when running into this error, and here is a list [2] of numpy versions with their corresponding C API versions, which may be useful for troubleshooting such an issue:
# 0x00000008 - 1.7.x
# 0x00000009 - 1.8.x
# 0x00000009 - 1.9.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.10.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.11.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.12.x
# 0x0000000b - 1.13.x
# 0x0000000c - 1.14.x
# 0x0000000c - 1.15.x
# 0x0000000d - 1.16.x
# 0x0000000d - 1.19.x
# 0x0000000e - 1.20.x
# 0x0000000e - 1.21.x
# 0x0000000f - 1.22.x
# 0x00000010 - 1.23.x
# 0x00000010 - 1.24.x
You can find the list here [2].
And the C API VERSION in numpy is tracked in three places according to [3]:
numpy/core/setup_common.py
numpy/core/code_generators/cversions.txt
numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h
The error is reported by numpy's source code here [4]
references
[1] https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html#c-api-incompatibility
[2] https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/core/setup_common.py
[3] https://numpy.org/doc/stable/dev/releasing.html#check-the-c-api-version-number
[4] https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/bdec32181605c8179fd79624d14c1cf019de75af/numpy/core/code_generators/generate_numpy_api.py#L79
I got the same issue with quaternion module. When updating modules with conda, the numpy version is not up^dated to the last one. If forcing update with pip command pip install --upgrade numpy + install quaternion module by pip install --user numpy numpy-quaternion, the issue is fixed.
May be the issue is coming from the numpy version.
Here the execution result:
Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Oct 15 2017, 03:34:40) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> print np.__version__
1.14.3
>>>
(base) C:\Users\jc>pip install --user numpy numpy-quaternion
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\programdata\anaconda2\lib\site-packages (1.14.3)
Collecting numpy-quaternion
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/73/5720d1d0a95bc2d4af2f7326280172bd255db2e8e56f6fbe81933aa00006/numpy_quaternion-2018.5.10.13.50.12-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl (49kB)
100% |################################| 51kB 581kB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy-quaternion
Successfully installed numpy-quaternion-2018.5.10.13.50.12
(base) C:\Users\jc>python
Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Oct 15 2017, 03:34:40) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import quaternion
>>>
I faced the same problem due to documentation inconsistencies.
This page says the examples in the docs work best with python 3.x: https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_intro/py_intro.html#intro , whereas this installation page has links to python 2.7, and older versions of numpy and matplotlib: https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_setup_in_windows/py_setup_in_windows.html
My setup was as such: I already had Python 3.6 and 3.5 installed, but since OpenCv-python docs said it works best with 2.7.x, I also installed that version. After I installed numpy (in Python27 directory, without pip but with the default extractor, since pip is not part of the default python 2.7 installation like it is in 3.6), I ran in this RuntimeError: module compiled against API version a but this version of numpy is error. I tried many different versions of both numpy and opencv, but to no avail. Lastly, I simply deleted numpy from python27 (just delete the folder in site-packages as well as any other remaining numpy-named files), and installed the latest versions of numpy, matplotlib, and opencv in the Python3.6 version using pip no problem. Been running opencv ever since.
Hope this saves somebody some time.
When all else fail, check with the following script and disable unwanted python import path(s), or upgrade the package on those paths:
python ./test.py
test.py content:
import numpy as np
print(f'numpy version:{np.__version__}')
import sys
from pprint import pprint
pprint(sys.path)
import tensorflow as tf
print(f'TensorFlow version: {tf.__version__}')
For my case, it was the outdated conda version in ~/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages that was messing things up :(
For those using anaconda Python:
conda update anaconda
You might want to check your matplotlib version.
Somehow I installed a dev version of matplotlib which caused the issue. A downgrade to stable release fixed it.
One can also can try python -v -c 'import YOUR_PACKAGE' 2>&1 | less to see where the issue occurred and if the lines above error can give you some hints.
You may also want to check your $PYTHONPATH. I had changed mine in ~/.bashrc in order to get another package to work.
To check your path:
echo $PYTHONPATH
To change your path (I use nano but you could edit another way)
nano ~/.bashrc
Look for the line with export PYTHONPATH ...
After making changes, don't forget to
source ~/.bashrc
I had the same error when trying to launch spyder. "RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa".
This error appeared once I modified the numpy version of my machine by mistake (I thought I was in a venv). If your are using spyder installed with conda, my advice is to only use conda to manage package.
This works for me:
conda install anaconda
(I had conda but no anaconda on my machine)
then:
conda update numpy
The below command worked for me :
conda install -c anaconda numpy
Although this question is very old, but I do believe there are still many facing similar problem as I did. I encountered the above reported error when I used Python3 in a Raspberry Pi micro-computer, which is running on Raspberry Pi OS.
This is perhaps due to missing some libraries when installed the Numpy module. I solved this problem following the suggestion in the Numpy website.
Solutions for Numpy Module Import Error
This Numpy troubleshooting website is really informative and provides cross-platform solutions for Windows, Anaconda, Raspberry, etc. Perhaps, someone can first follow the suggestion in this Numpy official website in order to solve the error.
I had same issue when I used import pyopencl and I did not want to upgrade numpy cause tensorflow requires old version of numpy so I solved it by simply:
python -m pip uninstall pyopencl && python -m pip install pyopencl
This way pyopencl was configured with existing numpy version and error solved.
I suffered with this problem for a long time, firstly you have to upgrade numby then try this code :
import numpy as np
print np.__version__
if gives you different version from the new one , uninstall the numpy(the new version) and use this
print numpy.__path__
go to that old numpy and delete the file , then install new version again
This works for me:
My pip is not work after upgrade, so the first thing I need to do is to fix it with
sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip
Change the line
from pip import main
to
from pip._internal import main
Then,
sudo pip install -U numpy
Code:
import numpy as np
import cv
Console:
>>> runfile('/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2/temp.py', wdir='/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2')
RuntimeError: module compiled against API version a but this version of numpy is 9
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 685, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/spyderlib/widgets/externalshell/sitecustomize.py", line 78, in execfile
builtins.execfile(filename, *where)
File "/Users/isaiahnields/.spyder2/temp.py", line 9, in <module>
import cv
File "/Applications/Spyder-Py2.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/cv.py", line 1, in <module>
from cv2.cv import *
ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import
>>>
System Info: OS X El Capitan, Macbook Air, 1.3 GHz Intel Core i5, 8 GB 1600 HMz DDR3
I have already attempted updating numpy. I had to add cv.py to the python2.7 folder in Spyder-Py2 is there something else I need to add?
Upgrade numpy to the latest version
pip install numpy --upgrade
Check the path
import numpy
print numpy.__path__
For me this was /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy So I moved it to a temporary place
sudo mv /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy \
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy_old
and then the next time I imported numpy the path was /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/numpy/init.pyc and all was well.
This worked for me:
sudo pip install numpy --upgrade --ignore-installed
You are likely running the Mac default (/usr/bin/python) which has an older version of numpy installed in the system folders. The easiest way to get python working with opencv is to use brew to install both python and opencv into /usr/local and run the /usr/local/bin/python.
brew install python
brew tap homebrew/science
brew install opencv
I ran into the same issue tonight. It turned out to be a problem where I had multiple numpy packages installed. An older version was installed in /usr/lib/python2.7 and the correct version was installed in /usr/local/lib/python2.7.
Additionally, I had PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. PYTHONPATH was finding the older version of numpy before the correct version, so when inside the Python interpreter, it would import the older version of numpy.
One thing which helped was opening a python session an executing the following code:
import numpy as np
print np.__version__
print np.__path__
That should tell you exactly which version Python is using, and where it's installed.
To fix the issue, I changed PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. And I also setup a virtual Python environment using the Hitchiker's Guide to Python, specifically the section titled "Lower level: virtualenv" . I know I should have setup a virtual environment in the first place, but I was tired and being lazy. Oh well, lesson learned!
(Update)
Just in case the docs are moved again, here are the relevant bits on...
Creating a Python Virtual Environment
Install virtualenv via pip:
$ install virtualenv
Test the installation:
$ virtualenv --version
Optionally, et the environment variable VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON to change the default version of python used by virtual environments, for example to use Python 3:
$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=$(which python3)
Optionally, set the environment variable WORKON_HOME to change the default directory your Python virtual environments are created in, for example to use /opt/python_envs:
$ export WORKON_HOME=/opt/python_envs
Create a virtual environment for a project:
$ cd my_project_folder
$ virtualenv my_virtual_env_name
Activate the virtual environment, you just created. Assuming you also set WORKON_HOME=/opt/python_envs:
$ source $WORKON_HOME/my_virtual_env_name/bin/activate
Install whatever Python packages your project requires, using either of the following two methods.
Method 1 - Install using pip from command line:
$ pip install python_package_name1
$ pip install python_package_name2
Method 2 - Install using a requests.txt file:
$ echo "python_package_name1" >> requests.txt
$ echo "python_package_name2" >> requests.txt
$ pip install -r ./requests.txt
Optionally, but highly recommended, install virtualenvwrapper. It contains useful commands to make working with virtual Python environments easier:
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper
$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
On Windows, install virtualenvwrapper using:
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper-win
Basic usage of virtualenvwrapper
Create a new virtual environment:
$ mkvirtualenv my_virtual_env_name
List all virtual environments:
$ lsvirtualenv
Activate a virtual environment:
$ workon my_virtual_env_name
Delete a virtual environment (caution! this is irreversible!):
$ rmvirtualenv my_virtual_env_name
I hope this help!
To solve the problem do following:
First uninstall numpy
sudo pip uninstall numpy
Install numpy with --no-cache-dir option
sudo pip install --no-cache-dir numpy
And to specify any specific version e.g. 1.14.2
sudo pip install --no-cache-dir numpy==1.14.2
This command solved my problem.
pip3 install --upgrade numpy
upgrading numpy to rescue
numpy official document suggests users to do upgrade to solve this issue [1].
pip install numpy --upgrade
which version of numpy should I upgrade to
But you may upgrade to a version that is too new/old for your environment. I spent a long time trying to figure out which version of numpy is expected to be upgraded to when running into this error, and here is a list [2] of numpy versions with their corresponding C API versions, which may be useful for troubleshooting such an issue:
# 0x00000008 - 1.7.x
# 0x00000009 - 1.8.x
# 0x00000009 - 1.9.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.10.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.11.x
# 0x0000000a - 1.12.x
# 0x0000000b - 1.13.x
# 0x0000000c - 1.14.x
# 0x0000000c - 1.15.x
# 0x0000000d - 1.16.x
# 0x0000000d - 1.19.x
# 0x0000000e - 1.20.x
# 0x0000000e - 1.21.x
# 0x0000000f - 1.22.x
# 0x00000010 - 1.23.x
# 0x00000010 - 1.24.x
You can find the list here [2].
And the C API VERSION in numpy is tracked in three places according to [3]:
numpy/core/setup_common.py
numpy/core/code_generators/cversions.txt
numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h
The error is reported by numpy's source code here [4]
references
[1] https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html#c-api-incompatibility
[2] https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/core/setup_common.py
[3] https://numpy.org/doc/stable/dev/releasing.html#check-the-c-api-version-number
[4] https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/bdec32181605c8179fd79624d14c1cf019de75af/numpy/core/code_generators/generate_numpy_api.py#L79
I got the same issue with quaternion module. When updating modules with conda, the numpy version is not up^dated to the last one. If forcing update with pip command pip install --upgrade numpy + install quaternion module by pip install --user numpy numpy-quaternion, the issue is fixed.
May be the issue is coming from the numpy version.
Here the execution result:
Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Oct 15 2017, 03:34:40) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> print np.__version__
1.14.3
>>>
(base) C:\Users\jc>pip install --user numpy numpy-quaternion
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\programdata\anaconda2\lib\site-packages (1.14.3)
Collecting numpy-quaternion
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/73/5720d1d0a95bc2d4af2f7326280172bd255db2e8e56f6fbe81933aa00006/numpy_quaternion-2018.5.10.13.50.12-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl (49kB)
100% |################################| 51kB 581kB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy-quaternion
Successfully installed numpy-quaternion-2018.5.10.13.50.12
(base) C:\Users\jc>python
Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Oct 15 2017, 03:34:40) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import quaternion
>>>
I faced the same problem due to documentation inconsistencies.
This page says the examples in the docs work best with python 3.x: https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_intro/py_intro.html#intro , whereas this installation page has links to python 2.7, and older versions of numpy and matplotlib: https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_setup_in_windows/py_setup_in_windows.html
My setup was as such: I already had Python 3.6 and 3.5 installed, but since OpenCv-python docs said it works best with 2.7.x, I also installed that version. After I installed numpy (in Python27 directory, without pip but with the default extractor, since pip is not part of the default python 2.7 installation like it is in 3.6), I ran in this RuntimeError: module compiled against API version a but this version of numpy is error. I tried many different versions of both numpy and opencv, but to no avail. Lastly, I simply deleted numpy from python27 (just delete the folder in site-packages as well as any other remaining numpy-named files), and installed the latest versions of numpy, matplotlib, and opencv in the Python3.6 version using pip no problem. Been running opencv ever since.
Hope this saves somebody some time.
When all else fail, check with the following script and disable unwanted python import path(s), or upgrade the package on those paths:
python ./test.py
test.py content:
import numpy as np
print(f'numpy version:{np.__version__}')
import sys
from pprint import pprint
pprint(sys.path)
import tensorflow as tf
print(f'TensorFlow version: {tf.__version__}')
For my case, it was the outdated conda version in ~/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages that was messing things up :(
For those using anaconda Python:
conda update anaconda
You might want to check your matplotlib version.
Somehow I installed a dev version of matplotlib which caused the issue. A downgrade to stable release fixed it.
One can also can try python -v -c 'import YOUR_PACKAGE' 2>&1 | less to see where the issue occurred and if the lines above error can give you some hints.
You may also want to check your $PYTHONPATH. I had changed mine in ~/.bashrc in order to get another package to work.
To check your path:
echo $PYTHONPATH
To change your path (I use nano but you could edit another way)
nano ~/.bashrc
Look for the line with export PYTHONPATH ...
After making changes, don't forget to
source ~/.bashrc
I had the same error when trying to launch spyder. "RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa".
This error appeared once I modified the numpy version of my machine by mistake (I thought I was in a venv). If your are using spyder installed with conda, my advice is to only use conda to manage package.
This works for me:
conda install anaconda
(I had conda but no anaconda on my machine)
then:
conda update numpy
The below command worked for me :
conda install -c anaconda numpy
Although this question is very old, but I do believe there are still many facing similar problem as I did. I encountered the above reported error when I used Python3 in a Raspberry Pi micro-computer, which is running on Raspberry Pi OS.
This is perhaps due to missing some libraries when installed the Numpy module. I solved this problem following the suggestion in the Numpy website.
Solutions for Numpy Module Import Error
This Numpy troubleshooting website is really informative and provides cross-platform solutions for Windows, Anaconda, Raspberry, etc. Perhaps, someone can first follow the suggestion in this Numpy official website in order to solve the error.
I had same issue when I used import pyopencl and I did not want to upgrade numpy cause tensorflow requires old version of numpy so I solved it by simply:
python -m pip uninstall pyopencl && python -m pip install pyopencl
This way pyopencl was configured with existing numpy version and error solved.
I suffered with this problem for a long time, firstly you have to upgrade numby then try this code :
import numpy as np
print np.__version__
if gives you different version from the new one , uninstall the numpy(the new version) and use this
print numpy.__path__
go to that old numpy and delete the file , then install new version again
This works for me:
My pip is not work after upgrade, so the first thing I need to do is to fix it with
sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip
Change the line
from pip import main
to
from pip._internal import main
Then,
sudo pip install -U numpy
(NB: see this other post for why I am not using dpkg/apt-get/etc. for this installation.)
I can install numpy in a virtualenv on Debian with, e.g., pip:
(base)[1778]% pip -v install numpy
Downloading/unpacking numpy
...
<output omitted>
...
Successfully installed numpy
Cleaning up...
Removing temporary dir /home/jones/.virtualenvs/base/build...
But immediately after this:
(base)[1779]% python
Python 2.7.1 (r271:86832, Jun 22 2011, 15:39:05)
[GCC 4.3.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy
import numpy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named numpy
>>> ^D
Any ideas?
OK, I found the problem. It turns out that, even though my virtualenv is active (see the (base) prefix to the command-line prompts in the screen interaction snippets above), I still need to tell pip to use it. E.g. after running something like
pip -E /path/to/virtualenv install numpy
then importing numpy within an interactive python session succeeds (whether the imported module is functional, I don't know yet).
This is absurd: my virtualenv is active, and the pip executable I'm running is the one installed in that virtualenv:
(base)[1801] which pip
/home/jones/.virtualenvs/base/bin/pip
So what's the point of having a virtualenv if pip will not use it by default???
I'm guessing that your virtualenv is not actually active?
You might also run into problems with this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/python-virtualenv/+bug/780220
There is a similar question here: Windows + virtualenv + pip + NumPy (problems when installing NumPy)
perhaps some of the answers there may help you.
regarding the last error for command:
pip -E /path/to/virtualenv install numpy
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'NoneType' and 'str'
Here is solution to that problem.
Upgrade to latest virtualenv:
sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
create your python virtualenv and run
pip -E /path/to/virtualenv install numpy
Regards, Karlo.