I wonder if there is a way to avoid writing MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='xyz', password='xyz', db='xyz')
again and again in Python?
Example:
def Add_New_User(self):
self.db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='xyz', password='xyz', db='xyz')
self.cur = self.db.cursor()
after two or three lines (when new def is required and a lot of def is required), I need to write all over again the same string many times
def Add_New_User(self):
self.db = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='xyz', password='xyz', db='xyz')
self.cur = self.db.cursor()
I hope that there is a way to call it in a simple way, like a connection code written and saved in, e.g., MyConString.py then in the new def say, index.py, I would simply call the function MyConString.
Create a function called connection:
def conn(database):
import mysql.connector
connection = mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',
database=database,
user='root',
password='yourpass')
cursor = connection.cursor(buffered=True)
return connection, cursor
Now, whenever you have to connect in any function do this:
def insert():
connection_data = conn("mydatabase")
connection = connection_data[0]
cursor = connection_data[1]
cursor.execute("show tables;")
connection.commit()
connection.close()
You can even make an entirely new script for functions that are repeatedly used to keep your main file clean.
Then you can just add import connections.py(say, that is your file name which contains conn() function)
# This is your main.py
import connections
def insert():
connection_data = connections.conn("mydatabase")
connection = connection_data[0]
cursor = connection_data[1]
cursor.execute("show tables;")
connection.commit()
connection.close()
Hope this helped!
My experience with classes is somewhat limited, so I apologize. I have a Database class. I create an instance of it and attempt to run SQL functions through it, which work fine and dandy, until I need to save an INSERT INTO with conn.commit(). my code is as follows:-
Class DatabaseClass():
def __init__(self):
self.open_database()
def open_database(self):
conn = pyodbc.connect(
r"Driver={SQL Server};"
r"Server=ServerName;"
r"Database=DatabaseName;"
r"Trusted_Connection=yes;"
)
self.cursor = conn.cursor()
def NewRecord()
self.cursor.execute ("INSERT INTO ....")
self.conn.commit()
db = DatabaseClass()
db.NewRecord()
But I get the error
"DatabaseClass object has no attribute 'conn'".
What do I have to do so that the NewRecord function knows what connection it's dealing with?
Thanks!
import MySQLdb
class database():
def __init__(self, host, user, pwd, db):
self.db = MySQLdb.connect(host, user, pwd, db)
self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
# FUNCTION FOR DATABASE VIEW #
def db(self):
#SQL command
sql = "select * from details"
try:
self.cursor.execute(sql)
results = self.cursor.fetchall()
for row in results:
print row[0], row [1], row[2]
except:
print "error"
#Closing database
self.db.close()
db = database('localhost', 'root', 'password', 'test')
db.db()
with this code, im getting error as connection object is not callable.
My objective is to create single connection object and use it for various sql queries. Im new to python scripting. So if anyone help to overcome this error, it will be much useful for me to move further in my coding. Thanks in advance.
It is true that you have defined a function called def in your database class. But then inside the __init__ method of that same class you do this.
self.db = MySQLdb.connect(host, user, pwd, db)
Which replaces the function you have just made with a MySQLdb connection object. Hence the error.
Lots people when they start off working with a database api wry to create a wrapper for that API, however that only just adds complexity to the code. Usually database APIs are well designed. Please consider using it directly without a wrapper.
I am starting to use the mysqldb module in python and I seem to have some issues with the "standard" way of calling queries.
I understand that the standard way is to create a cursor and then use it to execute queries.
However, when I try to instanciate one, it gives me the following error :
AttributeError: cursor
My Database class looks like :
class Database():
def __init__(self):
server = "localhost"
login = "login"
password = "passws"
database = "DB"
my_conv = { FIELD_TYPE.LONG: int }
self.conn = MySQLdb.connection(user=login, passwd=password, db=database, host=server, conv=my_conv)
self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
def close(self):
self.conn.close()
def execute(self, query):
self.cursor.execute(query)
return self.cursor.fetchall()
For now I get it working by using the query method, but I feel not using the standard will give me trouble in the future.
Any idea ?
You are using wrong connection constructor.
MySQLdb.Connection instead of MySQLdb.connection should work.
I came across PHP way of doing the trick:
my_bool reconnect = 1;
mysql_options(&mysql, MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT, &reconnect);
but no luck with MySQLdb (python-mysql).
Can anybody please give a clue? Thanks.
I solved this problem by creating a function that wraps the cursor.execute() method since that's what was throwing the MySQLdb.OperationalError exception. The other example above implies that it is the conn.cursor() method that throws this exception.
import MySQLdb
class DB:
conn = None
def connect(self):
self.conn = MySQLdb.connect()
def query(self, sql):
try:
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(sql)
except (AttributeError, MySQLdb.OperationalError):
self.connect()
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(sql)
return cursor
db = DB()
sql = "SELECT * FROM foo"
cur = db.query(sql)
# wait a long time for the Mysql connection to timeout
cur = db.query(sql)
# still works
I had problems with the proposed solution because it didn't catch the exception. I am not sure why.
I have solved the problem with the ping(True) statement which I think is neater:
import MySQLdb
con=MySQLdb.Connect()
con.ping(True)
cur=con.cursor()
Got it from here: http://www.neotitans.com/resources/python/mysql-python-connection-error-2006.html
If you are using ubuntu Linux there was a patch added to the python-mysql package that added the ability to set that same MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT option (see here). I have not tried it though.
Unfortunately, the patch was later removed due to a conflict with autoconnect and transations (described here).
The comments from that page say:
1.2.2-7 Published in intrepid-release on 2008-06-19
python-mysqldb (1.2.2-7) unstable; urgency=low
[ Sandro Tosi ]
* debian/control
- list items lines in description starts with 2 space, to avoid reformat
on webpages (Closes: #480341)
[ Bernd Zeimetz ]
* debian/patches/02_reconnect.dpatch:
- Dropping patch:
Comment in Storm which explains the problem:
# Here is another sad story about bad transactional behavior. MySQL
# offers a feature to automatically reconnect dropped connections.
# What sounds like a dream, is actually a nightmare for anyone who
# is dealing with transactions. When a reconnection happens, the
# currently running transaction is transparently rolled back, and
# everything that was being done is lost, without notice. Not only
# that, but the connection may be put back in AUTOCOMMIT mode, even
# when that's not the default MySQLdb behavior. The MySQL developers
# quickly understood that this is a terrible idea, and removed the
# behavior in MySQL 5.0.3. Unfortunately, Debian and Ubuntu still
# have a patch right now which *reenables* that behavior by default
# even past version 5.0.3.
I needed a solution that works similarly to Garret's, but for cursor.execute(), as I want to let MySQLdb handle all escaping duties for me. The wrapper module ended up looking like this (usage below):
#!/usr/bin/env python
import MySQLdb
class DisconnectSafeCursor(object):
db = None
cursor = None
def __init__(self, db, cursor):
self.db = db
self.cursor = cursor
def close(self):
self.cursor.close()
def execute(self, *args, **kwargs):
try:
return self.cursor.execute(*args, **kwargs)
except MySQLdb.OperationalError:
self.db.reconnect()
self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
return self.cursor.execute(*args, **kwargs)
def fetchone(self):
return self.cursor.fetchone()
def fetchall(self):
return self.cursor.fetchall()
class DisconnectSafeConnection(object):
connect_args = None
connect_kwargs = None
conn = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.connect_args = args
self.connect_kwargs = kwargs
self.reconnect()
def reconnect(self):
self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(*self.connect_args, **self.connect_kwargs)
def cursor(self, *args, **kwargs):
cur = self.conn.cursor(*args, **kwargs)
return DisconnectSafeCursor(self, cur)
def commit(self):
self.conn.commit()
def rollback(self):
self.conn.rollback()
disconnectSafeConnect = DisconnectSafeConnection
Using it is trivial, only the initial connect differs. Extend the classes with wrapper methods as per your MySQLdb needs.
import mydb
db = mydb.disconnectSafeConnect()
# ... use as a regular MySQLdb.connections.Connection object
cursor = db.cursor()
# no more "2006: MySQL server has gone away" exceptions now
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar=%s", ("baz",))
you can separate the commit and the close for the connection...that's not cute but it does it.
class SqlManager(object):
"""
Class that handle the database operation
"""
def __init__(self,server, database, username, pswd):
self.server = server
self.dataBase = database
self.userID = username
self.password = pswd
def Close_Transation(self):
"""
Commit the SQL Query
"""
try:
self.conn.commit()
except Sql.Error, e:
print "-- reading SQL Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
def Close_db(self):
try:
self.conn.close()
except Sql.Error, e:
print "-- reading SQL Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
def __del__(self):
print "close connection with database.."
self.conn.close()
I had a similar problem with MySQL and Python, and the solution that worked for me was to upgrade MySQL to 5.0.27 (on Fedora Core 6; your system may work fine with a different version).
I tried a lot of other things, including patching the Python libraries, but upgrading the database was a lot easier and (I think) a better decision.
In addition to Liviu Chircu solution ... add the following method to DisconnectSafeCursor:
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.cursor, name)
and the original cursor properties like "lastrowid" will keep working.
You other bet it to work around dropped connections yourself with code.
One way to do it would be the following:
import MySQLdb
class DB:
conn = None
def connect(self):
self.conn = MySQLdb.connect()
def cursor(self):
try:
return self.conn.cursor()
except (AttributeError, MySQLdb.OperationalError):
self.connect()
return self.conn.cursor()
db = DB()
cur = db.cursor()
# wait a long time for the Mysql connection to timeout
cur = db.cursor()
# still works