Python novice here, very good at copy and pasting. I'm trying to sample one random word from my text file. It's working, but it's only sampling from a single line. How can I make it sample the entire file?
lines = open("myfilehere").readlines()
line = lines[0]
words = line.split()
print(random.choice(words))
Labely = random.choice(words)
Label1 = Label(root, text=Labely)
Label1.pack()
You split and perform random.choice() on the variable words, which contains only your first line of text (lines[0]). If you want all the text you don't need to use the variable line, run words = lines.split() instead of words = line.split()
First put all words into a list, then choose words from that list:
words=[] #Define an empty list
with open("myfilehere") as fi: #Open the file
for line in fi: #Iterate over each line in file
for word in line.split(): #Iterate over each word in line
words.append(word) #Add the word to the list
print(words)
Labely = random.choice(words)
If the text file is /n/n Hello world!/n I like python./n
How do I get the first word from that text?
I tried to code:
def word_file(file):
files = open(file, 'r')
l = files.readlines()
for i in range(len(l)):
a = l[i].rstrip("\n")
line = l[0]
word = line.strip().split(" ")[0]
return word
There is space in front Hello.
The result I get is NONE. How should I correct it?
Can anybody help?
Assuming there is a word in the file:
def word_file(f):
with open(f) as file:
return file.read().split()[0]
file.read reads the entire file as a string. Do a split with no parameters on that string (i.e. sep=None). Then according to the Python manual "runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded as a single separator, and the result will contain no empty strings at the start or end if the string has leading or trailing whitespace." So the splitting will be done on consecutive white space and there will be no empty strings returned as a result of the split. Therefore the first element of the returned list will be the first word in the file.
If there is a possibility that the file is empty or contains nothing but white space, then you would need to check the return value from file.read().split() to ensure it is not an empty list.
If you need to avoid having to read the entire file into memory at once, then the following, less terse code can be used:
def word_file(f):
with open(f) as file:
for line in file:
words = line.split()
if words:
return words[0]
return None # No words found
Edit: #Booboo answer is far better than my answer
This should work:
def word_file(file):
with open(file, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
for index, character in enumerate(line):
if not character.isspace():
line = line[index:]
for ind, ch in enumerate(line):
if ch.isspace():
return line[:ind]
return line # could not find whitespace character at end
return None # no words found
output:
Hello
I have a dictionary dict with some words (2000) and I have a huge text, like Wikipedia corpus, in text format. For each word that is both in the dictionary and in the text file, I would like to replace it with word_1.
with open("wiki.txt",'r') as original, open("new.txt",'w') as mod:
for line in original:
new_line = line
for word in line.split():
if (dict.get(word.lower()) is not None):
new_line = new_line.replace(word,word+"_1")
mod.write(new_line)
This code creates a new file called new.txt with the words that appear in the dictionary replaced as I want.
This works for short files, but for the longer that I am using as input, it "freezes" my computer.
Is there a more efficient way to do that?
Edit for Adi219:
Your code seems working, but there is a problem:
if a line is like that: Albert is a friend of Albert and in my dictionary I have Albert, after the for cycle, the line will be like this:Albert_1_1 is a friend of Albert_1. How can I replace only the exact word that I want, to avoid repetitions like _1_1_1_1?
Edit2:
To solve the previous problem, I changed your code:
with open("wiki.txt", "r") as original, open("new.txt", "w") as mod:
for line in original:
words = line.split()
for word in words:
if dict.get(word.lower()) is not None:
mod.write(word+"_1 ")
else:
mod.write(word+" ")
mod.write("\n")
Now everything should work
A few things:
You could remove the declaration of new_line. Then, change new_line = new_line.replace(...) line with line = line.replace(...). You would also have to write(line) afterwards.
You could add words = line.split() and use for word in words: for the for loop, as this removes a call to .split() for every iteration through the words.
You could (manually(?)) split your large .txt file into multiple smaller files and have multiple instances of your program running on each file, and then you could combine the multiple outputs into one file. Note: You would have to remember to change the filename for each file you're reading/writing to.
So, your code would look like:
with open("wiki.txt", "r") as original, open("new.txt", "w") as mod:
for line in original:
words = line.split()
for word in words:
if dict.get(word.lower()) is not None:
line = line.replace(word, word + "_1")
mod.write(line)
I am trying to stem words from a file that contains about 90000 lines (each line has three to several hundred words.
I want to append the lines to a list after stemming the words. I was able to insert the stemmed words into a list, which contains one line. I want to insert the words into the list while keeping the 90000 lines. Any ideas?
clean_sentence = []
with open(folder_path+text_file_name, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
for line in f:
sentence = line.split()
for word in sentence:
if word.endswith('er'):
clean_sentence.append(word[:-2])
else:
clean_sentence.append(word)
x = ' '.join(clean_sentence)
with open('StemmingOutFile.txt','w', encoding="utf8") as StemmingOutFile:
StemmingOutFile.write(x)
The file is not in English, but here is an example that illustrates the issue at hand: current code yields:
why don't you like to watch TV? are there any more fruits? why not?
I want the output file to be:
why don't you like to watch TV?
are there any more fruits?
why not?
Read the file in lines:
with open('file.txt','r') as f:
lines = f.read().splitlines()
and then do the stemming:
new_lines = []
for line in lines:
new_lines.append(' '.join[stemmed(word) for word in line])
where stemmed is a function as follows:
def stemmed(word):
return word[:-2] if word.endswith('er') else word
Then write each line of new_lines in StemmingOutFile.txt.
Here is the question:
I have a file with these words:
hey how are you
I am fine and you
Yes I am fine
And it is asked to find the number of words, lines and characters.
Below is my program, but the number of counts for the characters without space is not correct.
The number of words is correct and the number of line is correct.
What is the mistake in the same loop?
fname = input("Enter the name of the file:")
infile = open(fname, 'r')
lines = 0
words = 0
characters = 0
for line in infile:
wordslist = line.split()
lines = lines + 1
words = words + len(wordslist)
characters = characters + len(line)
print(lines)
print(words)
print(characters)
The output is:
lines=3(Correct)
words=13(correct)
characters=47
I've looked on the site with multiple answers and I am confused because I didn't learn some other functions in Python. How do I correct the code as simple and basic as it is in the loop I've done?
Whereas the number of characters without space is 35 and with space is 45.
If possible, I want to find the number of characters without space. Even if someone know the loop for the number of characters with space that's fine.
Sum up the length of all words in a line:
characters += sum(len(word) for word in wordslist)
The whole program:
with open('my_words.txt') as infile:
lines=0
words=0
characters=0
for line in infile:
wordslist=line.split()
lines=lines+1
words=words+len(wordslist)
characters += sum(len(word) for word in wordslist)
print(lines)
print(words)
print(characters)
Output:
3
13
35
This:
(len(word) for word in wordslist)
is a generator expression. It is essentially a loop in one line that produces the length of each word. We feed these lengths directly to sum:
sum(len(word) for word in wordslist)
Improved version
This version takes advantage of enumerate, so you save two lines of code, while keeping the readability:
with open('my_words.txt') as infile:
words = 0
characters = 0
for lineno, line in enumerate(infile, 1):
wordslist = line.split()
words += len(wordslist)
characters += sum(len(word) for word in wordslist)
print(lineno)
print(words)
print(characters)
This line:
with open('my_words.txt') as infile:
opens the file with the promise to close it as soon as you leave indentation.
It is always good practice to close file after your are done using it.
Remember that each line (except for the last) has a line separator.
I.e. "\r\n" for Windows or "\n" for Linux and Mac.
Thus, exactly two characters are added in this case, as 47 and not 45.
A nice way to overcome this could be to use:
import os
fname=input("enter the name of the file:")
infile=open(fname, 'r')
lines=0
words=0
characters=0
for line in infile:
line = line.strip(os.linesep)
wordslist=line.split()
lines=lines+1
words=words+len(wordslist)
characters=characters+ len(line)
print(lines)
print(words)
print(characters)
To count the characters, you should count each individual word. So you could have another loop that counts characters:
for word in wordslist:
characters += len(word)
That ought to do it. The wordslist should probably take away newline characters on the right, something like wordslist = line.rstrip().split() perhaps.
I found this solution very simply and readable:
with open("filename", 'r') as file:
text = file.read().strip().split()
len_chars = sum(len(word) for word in text)
print(len_chars)
This is too long for a comment.
Python 2 or 3? Because it really matters. Try out the following in your REPL for both:
Python 2.7.12
>>>len("taña")
5
Python 3.5.2
>>>len("taña")
4
Huh? The answer lies in unicode. That ñ is an 'n' with a combining diacritical. Meaning its 1 character, but not 1 byte. So unless you're working with plain ASCII text, you'd better specify which version of python your character counting function is for.
How's this? It uses a regular expression to match all non-whitespace characters and returns the number of matches within a string.
import re
DATA="""
hey how are you
I am fine and you
Yes I am fine
"""
def get_char_count(s):
return len(re.findall(r'\S', s))
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(get_char_count(DATA))
Output
35
The image below shows this tested on RegExr:
It is probably counting new line characters. Subtract characters with (lines+1)
Here is the code:
fp = open(fname, 'r+').read()
chars = fp.decode('utf8')
print len(chars)
Check the output. I just tested it.
A more Pythonic solution than the others:
with open('foo.txt') as f:
text = f.read().splitlines() # list of lines
lines = len(text) # length of the list = number of lines
words = sum(len(line.split()) for line in text) # split each line on spaces, sum up the lengths of the lists of words
characters = sum(len(line) for line in text) # sum up the length of each line
print(lines)
print(words)
print(characters)
The other answers here are manually doing what str.splitlines() does. There's no reason to reinvent the wheel.
You do have the correct answer - and your code is completely correct. The thing that I think it is doing is that there is an end of line character being passed through, which includes your character count by two (there isn't one on the last line, as there is no new line to go to). If you want to remove this, the simple fudge would be to do as Loaf suggested
characters = characters - (lines - 1)
See csl's answer for the second part...
Simply skip unwanted characters while calling len,
import os
characters=characters+ len([c for c in line if c not in (os.linesep, ' ')])
or sum the count,
characters=characters+ sum(1 for c in line if c not in (os.linesep, ' '))
or build a str from the wordlist and take len,
characters=characters+ len(''.join(wordlist))
or sum the characters in the wordlist. I think this is the fastest.
characters=characters+ sum(1 for word in wordlist for char in word)
You have two problems. One is the line endings and the other is the spaces in between.
Now there are many people who posted pretty good answers, but I find this method easier to understand:
characters = characters + len(line.strip()) - line.strip().count(' ')
line.strip() removes the trailing and leading spaces. Then I'm subtracting the number of spaces from the total length.
It's very simple:
f = open('file.txt', 'rb')
f.seek(0) # Move to the start of file
print len(f.read())
Here i got smallest program with less memory usage for your problem
with open('FileName.txt') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
data = ''.join(lines)
print('lines =',len(lines))
print('Words = ',len(data.split()))
data = ''.join(data.split())
print('characters = ',len(data))
lines will be list of lines,so length of lines is nothing but number of lines.Next step data contains a string of your file contents(each word separated by a whitespace), so if we split data gives list of words in your file. thus, length of that list gives number of words. again if we join the words list you will get all characters as a single string. thus length of that gives number of characters.
taking the input as file name i.e files.txt from the input parameter and then counting the total number of characters in the file and save to the variable
char
fname = input("Enter the name of the file:")
infile = open(fname, 'r') # connection of the file
lines = 0
words = 0
char = 0 # init as zero integer
for line in infile:
wordslist = line.split() # splitting line to word
lines = lines + 1 # counter up the word
words = words + len(wordslist) # splitting word to charac
char = char + len(line) # counter up the character
print("lines are: " + str(lines))
print("words are: " + str(words))
print("chars are: " + str(char)) # printing beautify
num_lines = sum(1 for line in open('filename.txt'))
num_words = sum(1 for word in open('filename.txt').read().split())
num_chars = sum(len(word) for word in open('filename.txt').read().split())