I would like to have a diagramm in Matplotlib with a curved (smooth) lines. So the individual points should be connected by round lines. Further, I would like to have no values on the y-line (only the description). Here is the coode:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
load = [0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 0.4, 0.55, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.65, 0.75, 0.768, 0.75, 0.65, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5]
hours = list(range(25)) # [0, 1, 2, ... 22, 23, 24]
labels = [f'{h:02d}:00' for h in hours] # ["00:00", "01:00", ... "23:00", "24:00"]
fig = plt.figure(linewidth=1, figsize=(9, 5))
ax = plt.gca()
ax.plot(hours, load, color="goldenrod",drawstyle="default", linewidth=3) # <- drawstyle argument.
ax.set_xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_xlim(0, 24)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
plt.xticks(hours, labels=labels, rotation=90)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=0)
# (Optional) ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.03, 1.15), fontsize = 14, ncol=3)
plt.tight_layout() # This must be called last, after all elements (plot and legend) are ready.
for item in [fig, ax]:
item.patch.set_visible(False)
plt.savefig('CS_Curtailment_ElectricalLoad_NoFrame.png', edgecolor='black', dpi=400, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
I think the attribute "drawystyle" might be changed. But I do not know how.
I'd appreciate every comment and would be thankful for your help.
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
import numpy as np
load = [0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 0.4, 0.55, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.65, 0.75, 0.768, 0.75, 0.65, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5]
hours = list(range(25)) # [0, 1, 2, ... 22, 23, 24]
labels = [f'{h:02d}:00' for h in hours] # ["00:00", "01:00", ... "23:00", "24:00"]
f = interp1d(hours, load)
f2 = interp1d(hours, load, kind='cubic')
xnew = np.linspace(0, 24, num=500, endpoint=True)
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 25, step=1)) # Set label locations.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels) # Set text labels.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels, rotation=90)
plt.plot(hours, load, 'o', xnew, f(xnew), '-', xnew, f2(xnew), '--')
plt.legend(['data', 'linear', 'cubic'], loc='best')
plt.ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.show()
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 25, step=1)) # Set label locations.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels) # Set text labels.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels, rotation=90)
plt.plot(xnew, f2(xnew), color="green", linewidth=3)
plt.legend(['cubic'], loc='best')
plt.ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.show()
Edit-1: x-axis labels are 90 degree rotated
Plotting figure using cubic interpolation:
Edit-2: To hide to y-axis variables, we can add plt.tick_params(labelleft=False) before plt.show().
Plotted figure is shown below:
Edit-3: Plotting new load.
We can plot new load list by adding these lines into the code.
load_2 = [0.0, 0.3, 0.2, 0.8, 0.1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.7, 0.4, 0.5, 0.34, 0.45, 0.768, 0.9, 0.25, 0.55, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2, 0.65, 0.25, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5]
f3 = interp1d(hours, load_2, kind='cubic', fill_value="extrapolate")
xnew = np.linspace(0, 24, num=500, endpoint=True)
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 25, step=1)) # Set label locations.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels) # Set text labels.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels, rotation=90)
plt.plot(xnew, f3(xnew), color="red", linewidth=3)
plt.legend(['cubic'], loc='best')
plt.ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.tick_params(labelleft=False)
plt.show()
Edit-4: Plotting two lines in one figure:
xnew = np.linspace(0, 24, num=500, endpoint=True)
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 25, step=1)) # Set label locations.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels) # Set text labels.
plt.xticks(np.arange(25), labels, rotation=90)
plt.plot(xnew, f2(xnew), color="blue", linewidth=3)
plt.plot(xnew, f3(xnew), color="red", linewidth=3)
plt.legend(['load-1', 'load-2'], loc='best')
plt.ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
plt.tick_params(labelleft=False)
plt.show()
Edit-5: To fill the area under curve of the two lines, we need to add following lines:
plt.fill_between(xnew, f2(xnew), color="blue", alpha=0.30, edgecolor=None)
plt.fill_between(xnew, f3(xnew), color="red", alpha=0.30, edgecolor=None)
Plotted figure is shown below:
I don't have any experience with curve fitting, but I've looked at customizing it based on this answer. np.polyfit(x,y, deg)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
load = [0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 0.4, 0.55, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.65, 0.75, 0.768, 0.75, 0.65, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5]
hours = list(range(25)) # [0, 1, 2, ... 22, 23, 24]
labels = [f'{h:02d}:00' for h in hours] # ["00:00", "01:00", ... "23:00", "24:00"]
poly = np.polyfit(hours, load, 8)
poly_y = np.poly1d(poly)(hours)
fig = plt.figure(linewidth=1, figsize=(9, 5))
ax = plt.gca()
# ax.plot(hours, load, color="goldenrod", ls='-', linewidth=3) # <- drawstyle argument.
ax.plot(hours, poly_y, color="goldenrod", ls='-', linewidth=3)
ax.set_xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_xlim(0, 24)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
ax.set_xticks(hours)
ax.set_xticklabels(labels, rotation=90)
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=10)
# (Optional) ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.03, 1.15), fontsize = 14, ncol=3)
plt.tight_layout() # This must be called last, after all elements (plot and legend) are ready.
# for item in [fig, ax]:
# item.patch.set_visible(False)
plt.savefig('CS_Curtailment_ElectricalLoad_NoFrame.png', edgecolor='black', dpi=400, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
Related
I just want to plot a subplot inside another plot:
As you can see, in this code I tried to plot this polar plot inside the other plot, but I can't set the size and place of the plot one:
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
time = np.linspace(0, 10, 1000)
height = np.sin(time)
score = time**2 + height
distribution = np.random.normal(0, 1, len(time))
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
gs = GridSpec(nrows=1, ncols=2)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:, 1])
ax2.plot(time, score)
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(111,polar=True)
ax3.set_theta_zero_location("N")
ax3.plot(0-1.5708, 0,'o', linewidth=2,color="k")
theta1 = np.linspace(-0.48332530310852967-1.5708,0.48332530310852967-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta1, -0.1, +0.3, color='r')
theta2 = np.linspace(0.48332530310852967-1.5708,1.449975909325589-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta2, -0.1, +0.3, color='b')
theta3 = np.linspace(1.449975909325589-1.5708,2.4166265155426485-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta3, -0.1, +0.3, color='r')
theta4 = np.linspace(2.4166265155426485-1.5708,3.3832771217597077-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta4, -0.1, +0.3, color='b')
theta5 = np.linspace(3.3832771217597077-1.5708,3.870223983066126-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta5, -0.1, +0.3, color='g')
theta6 = np.linspace(3.870223983066126-1.5708,4.836874589283185-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta6, -0.1, +0.3, color='r')
theta6 = np.linspace(4.836874589283185-1.5708,5.803525195500244-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta6, -0.1, +0.3, color='b')
#ax3.annotate("{}".format(k), xy=[i, j], fontsize=9)
ax3.set_ylim(-10,1)
#ax3.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,19)[:-1])
#ax3.set_rlabel_position(-47.5) # Move radial labels away from plotted line
ax3.grid(True)
plt.show()
what I have
what I want to have :
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.inset_locator import (inset_axes, InsetPosition,
mark_inset)
time = np.linspace(0, 10, 1000)
height = np.sin(time)
score = time**2 + height
distribution = np.random.normal(0, 1, len(time))
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
gs = GridSpec(nrows=1, ncols=2)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:, 0])
ax2.plot(time, score)
ax3 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.47, 0.25, 0.35], polar=True)
#ax3 = ax2.inset_axes([0.4,0.4,0.2,0.2], subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'})
ax3.set_theta_zero_location("N")
ax3.plot(0-1.5708, 0,'o', linewidth=2,color="k")
theta1 = np.linspace(-0.48332530310852967-1.5708,0.48332530310852967-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta1, -0.1, +0.3, color='r')
theta2 = np.linspace(0.48332530310852967-1.5708,1.449975909325589-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta2, -0.1, +0.3, color='b')
theta3 = np.linspace(1.449975909325589-1.5708,2.4166265155426485-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta3, -0.1, +0.3, color='r')
theta4 = np.linspace(2.4166265155426485-1.5708,3.3832771217597077-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta4, -0.1, +0.3, color='b')
theta5 = np.linspace(3.3832771217597077-1.5708,3.870223983066126-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta5, -0.1, +0.3, color='g')
theta6 = np.linspace(3.870223983066126-1.5708,4.836874589283185-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta6, -0.1, +0.3, color='r')
theta6 = np.linspace(4.836874589283185-1.5708,5.803525195500244-1.5708, 100)
ax3.fill_between(theta6, -0.1, +0.3, color='b')
#ax3.annotate("{}".format(k), xy=[i, j], fontsize=9)
ax3.set_ylim(-10,1)
#ax3.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,19)[:-1])
#ax3.set_rlabel_position(-47.5) # Move radial labels away from plotted line
ax3.grid(True)
plt.show()
This question already has an answer here:
Colorbar axis label overlapping with ticks Matplotlib
(1 answer)
Closed 1 year ago.
I have a problem of overlapping colorbar and its label as can be seen below:
Code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
true = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
pred = [1.02, 2.1, 2.99, 4, 5.01, 5.98, 7, 8.1, 9, 10.1]
std = [0.001, 0.002, 0.002, 0.001, 0.003, 0.004, 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004]
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
cmap = 'coolwarm'
my_plot = ax.scatter(true, pred, c=std, cmap=cmap, edgecolors='black', lw=1)
ax.set_xlabel('Observed', fontsize=18)
ax.set_ylabel('Predicted', fontsize=18)
cbar = fig.colorbar(my_plot)
cbar.set_label('standard deviation', rotation=270)
plt.axis('equal')
Is there any way that I can increase distance between colorbar and its label?
Simply add pad to the label :
cbar.set_label('standard deviation', rotation=270, labelpad=15)
Result :
I have the following code:
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
hours = list(range(25)) # [0, 1, 2, ... 22, 23, 24]
labels = [f'{h:02d}:00' for h in hours] # ["00:00", "01:00", ... "23:00", "24:00"]
load = [2000, 2000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000,0,0, 0, 0, 0, 2000, 2000,2000, 2000, 2000, 0,0,0, 0]
temperature = [21, 21.6, 22, 21.3, 20.8, 20.4, 20.1, 20, 20.6, 21.1, 21.5, 21.8, 22, 21.4, 20.9, 20.5, 20.2, 20, 20.7, 21.2, 21.6, 21.9, 22, 21.4, 21]
plt.figure(linewidth=1, figsize=(9, 5))
ax = plt.gca()
ax.plot(hours, load[0:25], color="goldenrod",drawstyle="steps-post", linewidth=3)
ax.plot(hours, load[0:25], color="gold",drawstyle="steps-post", linewidth=3, alpha=.8, label = 'Electrical power') # <- drawstyle argument.
ax.set_xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=16, labelpad=8)
ax.set_ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_xlim(0, 24)
ax.set_ylim(0, 3000)
plt.xticks(hours, labels=labels, rotation=90)
plt.grid(axis='y', alpha=.4)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(hours, temperature, color="red", linewidth=3, label = 'Temperature')
ax2.set_ylabel("Temperature in °C", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax2.set_ylim(20, 22.5)
ax2.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
fig = plt.gcf()
fig.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.25, 1.03), fontsize=14, ncol=3)
fig.tight_layout()
ax.patch.set_visible(False)
fig.savefig('ControlStrategy_Conventional.png', edgecolor='black', dpi=400, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
I would like to change the axis. So the temperature should be displayed in the left axis and the load on the right axis. I tried to change it but the resulting plot looked weird. Can anyone tell me what to do? I'd appreciate every comment.
You can first create the twin-axis and then freely select what to plot on what axis. Further, for clarity and readability, I prefer to stick with one interface (object oriented or pyplot) and not mix them:
hours = list(range(25))
labels = [f'{h:02d}' for h in hours[::2]]
fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 5), linewidth=1)
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax.plot(hours, temperature, color="red", linewidth=3, label = 'Temperature')
ax2.plot(hours, load[0:25], color="gold",drawstyle="steps-post", linewidth=3, alpha=.8, label = 'Electrical power')
ax2.fill_between(hours, load[0:25], step="post", color="yellow")
ax.set_zorder(1)
ax.patch.set_visible(False)
ax.set_xlabel("Time of day", fontsize=16, labelpad=8)
ax.set_xlim(0, 24)
ax.set_xticks(hours[::2])
ax.set_xticklabels(labels=labels)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)
ax.grid(axis='y', alpha=.4)
ax.set_ylabel("Temperature in °C", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax.set_ylim(20, 22.5)
ax2.set_ylabel("Electrical power in W", fontsize=14, labelpad=8)
ax2.set_ylim(0, 3000)
fig.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.25, 1.03), fontsize=14, ncol=3)
fig.tight_layout()
This question already has answers here:
Secondary axis with twinx(): how to add to legend?
(11 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
When I use matplotlib to draw some figures, the legends are always outside the plot. How to keep the legends inside plot ? You can see the result here
I have tried that bbox_to_anchor can work. But it's not convenient due to I don't want to modify the positions every time drawing a new figure.
The code is just an example to reproduce my problem.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
time_step = np.arange(0, 200.01, 40).tolist()
drag3 = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
lift3 = [1.5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0.2]
second_drag3 = [1.2, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3, 1.2, 0.5]
second_lift3 = [1.2, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3, 1.2, 0.8]
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.plot(time_step, drag3, label="40$C_D1$", color='blue', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
ax1.plot(time_step, second_drag3, label="40$C_D2$", color='darkviolet', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(time_step, lift3, label="40$C_L1$", color='red', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
ax2.plot(time_step, second_lift3, label="40$C_L2$", color='limegreen', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
plt.tight_layout()
fig.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=2)
plt.show()
I want to keep the all legends inside the plot.
Thanks for any help !
You can add extra padding between the axes and the legend by adding the "borderaxespad" kwarg to your legend call:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
time_step = np.arange(0, 200.01, 40).tolist()
drag3 = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
lift3 = [1.5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0.2]
second_drag3 = [1.2, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3, 1.2, 0.5]
second_lift3 = [1.2, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3, 1.2, 0.8]
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.plot(time_step, drag3, label="40$C_D1$", color='blue', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
ax1.plot(time_step, second_drag3, label="40$C_D2$", color='darkviolet', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(time_step, lift3, label="40$C_L1$", color='red', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
ax2.plot(time_step, second_lift3, label="40$C_L2$", color='limegreen', linestyle='-', linewidth=1.0)
plt.tight_layout()
fig.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=2, borderaxespad=3)
plt.show()
This adds extra space between the legend and the figure boundary so when it is in the lower right corner it will move up and to the left. If it is in the lower left corner it will move up and to the right.
I am trying to inset a graph inside the parent graph following the accepted answer here.
However, the plotting framework I am using is quite different:
1) First of all, the Legend is located outside the graph, for which I have followed the second answer posted here, i.e. via shrinking the parent graph:
plt.figure()
# Shrink current axis by 20%
box = ax1.get_position()
ax1.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * 0.8, box.height])
2) For the labeling, I am using the ax1.legend((p1, p2, p3), ("label for p1", "label for p2", "label for p3")) procedure.
If I ran the code with plt.show() and sys.exit() commented, the entire graph is produced:
However when implementing the inset answer, and trying to inset to the area of the pink and blue data:
(1) Replace plt.figure() by fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(),
(2) Using a ax2 for the inset, since a ax1 has already been used for placing the legend outside the graph,
(3) Uncommentplt.show() and sys.exit(),
no data is plotted both in the parent and inset graphs:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
import sys
x_1 = np.array([ 2.56480648, 2.56635664, 2.57565757, 2.59425943, 2.61906191, 2.64463946,
2.66711671, 2.69966997, 2.72292229, 2.75392539, 2.79422942, 2.81360636,
2.84460946, 2.88026303, 2.91746675, 2.94846985, 2.99187419, 3.01822682,
3.06085609, 3.08565857, 3.12286229, 3.18331833, 3.24067407, 3.25772577,
3.36158616, 3.35616062, 3.43056806, 3.45847085, 3.61574815, 3.65387259,
3.89764927, 9.1 ])
x_2 = np.array([ 5.77982798, 5.77827783, 5.79067907, 5.81083108, 5.82788279, 5.85113511,
5.87438744, 5.89763976, 5.92011701, 5.94414441, 5.96584658, 5.98987399,
6.01467647, 6.03637864, 6.06118112, 6.08443344, 6.11543654, 6.13248825,
6.16194119, 6.18751875, 6.21077108, 6.23479848, 6.26192619, 6.29137914,
6.32083208, 6.35028503, 6.38128813, 6.41306631, 6.45569557, 6.47894789,
6.50530053, 6.55645565, 6.5959846 , 6.62853785, 6.67349235, 6.71612161,
6.76417642, 6.80293029, 6.86726173, 6.91841684, 6.96182118, 7.04165417,
7.10908591, 7.23774877, 7.30208021, 9.40021502])
y_1 = np.array([ 0., 10., 30.1, 50.2, 70.3, 90.4, 110.51, 130.61, 150.71,
170.81, 190.91, 211.01, 231.11, 251.21, 271.31, 291.41, 311.52, 331.62,
351.72, 371.82, 391.92, 412.02, 432.12, 452.22, 472.32, 492.42, 512.53,
532.63, 552.73, 572.83, 592.93, 592.93])
y_2 = np.array([ 0., 10., 30.1, 50.2, 70.3, 90.4, 110.51, 130.61, 150.71,
170.81, 190.91, 211.01, 231.11, 251.21, 271.31, 291.41, 311.52, 331.62,
351.72, 371.82, 391.92, 412.02, 432.12, 452.22, 472.32, 492.42, 512.53,
532.63, 552.73, 572.83, 592.93, 613.03, 633.13, 653.23, 673.33, 693.43,
713.54, 733.64, 753.74, 773.84, 793.94, 814.04, 834.14, 854.24, 874.34,
894.44])
x_3 = np.array([ 273.15, 323.15, 373.15, 423.15, 473.15])
x_4 = np.array([ 295.16725084, 378.53216084, 476.23703528, 490.56204235])
y_3 = np.array([ 1.4709975, 1.42196425, 1.372931 , 1.32389775, 1.2748645 ])
y_4 = np.array([ 1.43766266, 1.46267139, 1.51159861, 1.52367087])
### Plotting:
plt.figure()
#fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
p1 = plt.scatter(x_1, y_1, color='red', marker='o', s=40)
p3 = plt.scatter(x_2, y_2, marker="o", color='black', facecolors='none', s=40)
p3c = plt.scatter(y_3, x_3, color='magenta', marker="o", facecolors='none', s=40)
p4 = plt.scatter(y_4, x_4, color='blue', marker='o', s=40)
fontP = FontProperties()
fontP.set_size('12')
ax1 = plt.subplot(111)
# Shrink current axis by 20% in order to allow the legend to be outside the plot:
box = ax1.get_position()
ax1.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * 0.8, box.height])
ax1.legend((\
p1,\
p3,\
p3c,\
p4\
),\
(\
"1",\
"2",\
"3",\
"4"\
),\
prop=fontP, loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))# loc=4)
extraticks=[273.15+25]
plt.yticks(list(plt.yticks()[0]) + extraticks)
plt.gca().set_xlim(right=8)
plt.gca().set_ylim(bottom=-41.72, top=1040)
plt.grid()
plt.show()
sys.exit()
left, bottom, width, height = [0.25, 0.6, 0.2, 0.2]
ax2 = fig.add_axes([left, bottom, width, height])
p3 = ax2.scatter(x_2, y_2, color='black', marker="o", facecolors='none', s=40)
p3c = ax2.scatter(x_3, y_3, color='magenta', marker="o", facecolors='none', s=40)
ax2.set_xlim(right=2.26)
plt.gca().set_ylim(bottom=200, top=1040)
plt.grid()
plt.savefig('plot.pdf', bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
I think there are simply some useless commands all over the place which make the code produce 2 figures instead of one and several subplots instead of one. Also the limits of the inset seem to be off. Removing all of this would give you the following plot, which might be what you're after.
### Plotting:
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
p1 = plt.scatter(x_1, y_1, color='red', marker='o', s=40)
p3 = plt.scatter(x_2, y_2, marker="o", color='black', facecolors='none', s=40)
p3c = plt.scatter(y_3, x_3, color='magenta', marker="o", facecolors='none', s=40)
p4 = plt.scatter(y_4, x_4, color='blue', marker='o', s=40)
fontP = FontProperties()
fontP.set_size('12')
box = ax1.get_position()
ax1.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * 0.8, box.height])
ax1.legend((p1,p3,p3c,p4),("1","2","3","4"),
prop=fontP, loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
extraticks=[273.15+25]
plt.yticks(list(plt.yticks()[0]) + extraticks)
plt.gca().set_xlim(right=8)
plt.gca().set_ylim(bottom=-41.72, top=1040)
plt.grid()
left, bottom, width, height = [0.25, 0.6, 0.2, 0.2]
ax2 = fig.add_axes([left, bottom, width, height])
p3 = ax2.scatter(x_2, y_2, color='black', marker="o", facecolors='none', s=40)
p3c = ax2.scatter(x_3, y_3, color='magenta', marker="o", facecolors='none', s=40)
plt.grid()
plt.savefig('plot.pdf', bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()