Develop Reference

How to call the CITES species+ api in python?

I am trying to access the cites species api to get information on a input species name.
Reference document: http://api.speciesplus.net/documentation/v1/references.html
I tried to use the api with the provided API Key.
I get error code 401.
Here is the code
import requests
APIKEY='XXXXXXXXXXXX' # Replaced with provided api key
r = requests.get('https://api.speciesplus.net/api/v1/taxon_concepts.xml?name=Mammalia&X-Authentication-Token={APIKEY}')
r

As #jonrsharpe said in comment:
"Headers and query parameters aren't the same thing..."
You have to set APIKEY as header - don't put it in URL.
You may also put parameters as dictionary and requests will append them to URL - and code will be more readable.
import requests
APIKEY = 'XXXXXXXXXXXX'
headers = {
"X-Authentication-Token": APIKEY,
}
payload = {
"name": "Mammalia",
}
url = "https://api.speciesplus.net/api/v1/taxon_concepts.xml"
response = requests.get(url, params=payload, headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)
EDIT:
If you skip .xml in URL then you get data as JSON and it can be more useful
url = "https://api.speciesplus.net/api/v1/taxon_concepts"
response = requests.get(url, params=payload, headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)
data = response.json()
for item in data:
print(item['citation'])

How to access certain items from a python requests response?

I am new to python requests and I am unsure how to access one singular item from the response rather than all of them. Any help would be appreciated. I would like to be able to print the kdRatio, there is multiple different kdRatios in the response but I was looking for the one following lifetime and All and Properties. Thanks
import requests as rq
header = {
'x-rapidapi-host': "call-of-duty-modern-warfare.p.rapidapi.com",
'x-rapidapi-key': "0beff1d7acmsh29065741543208dp152ecbjsnb56e8654cc77"
}
response = rq.get('https://call-of-duty-modern-
warfare.p.rapidapi.com/multiplayer/%25C7%259Ep%25C3%25ABx%25231878/battle', headers=header)
print(response)
print(response.text)
Here is the response I am getting.
<Response [200]>
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Parse the JSON response with response.json(), then access by key:
data = response.json()
kd_ratio = data['lifetime']['all']['properties']['kdRatio']

Here you can take the JSON response instead of a text response.
import requests as rq
header = {
'x-rapidapi-host': "call-of-duty-modern-warfare.p.rapidapi.com",
'x-rapidapi-key': "0beff1d7acmsh29065741543208dp152ecbjsnb56e8654cc77"
}
response = rq.get('https://call-of-duty-modern-
warfare.p.rapidapi.com/multiplayer/%25C7%259Ep%25C3%25ABx%25231878/battle', headers=header)
print(response)
print(response.json()['lifetime']['all']['properties']['kdRatio'])
For better understanding:
data = response.json()
print(data.keys()) # will print all the keys
print(type(data['all'])) # checked the type.
# since it is dict
print(data['all'].keys())
print(data['all']['properties'])
print(data['all']['properties'].keys())
print(data['all']['properties']['kdRatio'])
Try this in ipython you will get more idea about json data

Passing both dict and json to a url

I have to use a webservice endpoint that needs both JSON and non-json in the query and I don't know how to do it with the requests package. the same code provided has http.client in it, and I don't have access to that package in this project for unrelated reasons
The example code is:
import http.client
conn=http.client.HTTPSConnection('some.url')
payload="{\"some_json_dict_key\": \"some_json_dict_value\"}"
headers={'content-type': "application/json", 'accept': "application/json"}
conn.request("POST", "/someEndpoint?param1=value_of_param1", payload, headers)
res = conn.getresponse()
data = res.read().decode('utf-8')
The code i have tried which doesnt work:
import requests
headers={'content-type': "application/json", 'accept': "application/json"}
params={'param1': 'value_of_param1'}
json_payload = "{\"some_json_dict_key\": \"some_json_dict_value\"}"
url = 'https://some.url/someEndpoint'
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=params, json=json_payload)
however that doesn't seem to work i get the exception
{'httpMessage': 'Bad Request', 'moreInformation': 'The body of the request, which was expected to be JSON, was invalid, and could not be decoded. The start of an object { or an array [ was expected.'}

According to the documentation:
Instead of encoding the dict yourself, you can also pass it directly using the json parameter (added in version 2.4.2) and it will be encoded automatically:
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
>>> r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
but you're passing a string into the json parameter (I admit that the error message could be clearer). All other parameters are json/dict objects. Make json_payload an actual dictionary.
json_payload = {"some_json_dict_key": "some_json_dict_value"} # real dictionary, not a json string
url = 'https://some.url/someEndpoint'
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=params, json=json_payload)

You must realize that a POST request can pass information in two places: In the body (data) of the request, and in the URL string (the request parameters, like a GET request does). In the example you didn't fully emulate, the parameters are in the URL string, and the body, according to the error message you got back, must consist of a single JSON object. Therefore, use the params dictionary for the URL parameters, like this:
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, params=params, data=json_payload)
That ought to do it, unless there are other details to take care of.

python requests POST 400 error

I've been looking to many questions similar to mine but I could not find a solution.
I'm using requests to perform a POST request. I've tried a lot of combinations inside the request but nothing returns a 201 ok.
Here is my code:
import json
import requests
if __name__ == '__main__':
headers = {'content-type' : 'application/json'}
url = "http://myserver/ext/v3.1/test_device"
message = {"atribute_a": "value", "atribute_b": "valueb"}
params = {"priority":"normal"}
r = requests.post(url, params=params, headers=headers, data = json.dumps(message) )
print(r)
I've also tried withou json.dumps but it also gives me 400 bad request. I've also tried to add the params directly to the url like: ...?priority=normal but with no success.

The easiest technique is to use json instead of data as followed:
requests.post(url, headers=headers, params=params, json=data)

Based on the comments, your server is actually expecting data as a stringified JSON object.
As far as the params are concerned, it'd most probably help if they're declared as a tuple of tuples (or a dict of dicts)
Try the following -
headers = {
'content-type': 'application/json',
}
params = (
('priority', 'normal'),
)
data = {
"atribute_a": "value",
"atribute_b": false
}
requests.post(url, headers=headers, params=params, data=str(data))

Converting urllib2 POST to Requests

I have an existing Http POST using urllib2:
data = 'client_id=%s&client_secret=%s&grant_type=authorization_code&code=%s&redirect_uri=%s' % (settings.GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID, settings.GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET, code, redirect_uri)
req = urllib2.Request(access_token_url, data=data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
response_content = response.read()
json_response = json.loads(response_content)
I'm trying to convert this to the Requests library instead (http://docs.python-requests.org/) but I'm getting a 400 Invalid Request.
Here's my attempt:
params = {'redirect_uri' : redirect_uri}
params['client_id'] = settings.GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID
params['client_secret'] = settings.GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
params['grant_type'] = 'authorization_code'
params['code'] = code
req = requests.post(access_token_url, data=params)
json_response = req.json()
I tried tweaking it to use params instead of data but I got the same error.
Anything I'm missing?

Make sure the values of the data dict are not already escaped as requests will do that for you. Please notice how your original example does not do any escaping.