I just started programming with Python and I'm trying to create a GUI using tkinter where it would ask the user to select a zip file and file destination to send it to after extracting. What I have noticed is that when a user re-enters a destination, it would still store the previous file directory as well. How do I prevent this?
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog
# Setting the window size
screenHeight = 450
screenWidth = 350
root = tk.Tk()
# get the location of the zip file
def input_dir():
input_filedir = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='/', title='Select File',
filetypes=(("zip", "*.zip"), ("all files", "*.*")))
my_label.pack()
return input_filedir
# get location of destination for file
def output_dir():
output_filename = filedialog.askdirectory()
# Setting the canvas size to insert our frames
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, height=screenHeight, width=screenWidth)
canvas.pack()
# Setting the frame size to insert all our widgets
frame = tk.Frame(root, bg='#002060')
frame.place(relwidth=1, relheight=1)
# button to get user to chose file directory
openFile = tk.Button(frame, text='Choose the file path you want to extract', command=input_dir)
openFile.pack(side='top')
# button to get destination path
saveFile = tk.Button(frame, text="Chose the location to save the file", command=output_dir)
saveFile.pack(side='bottom')
extractButton = tk.Button(frame, text="Extract Now")
root.mainloop()
I have tried adding this line of code in the def input_dir function but it changed the positioning of the buttons. I'm still working on the code for extracting the zip.
for widget in frame.winfor_children():
if isinstance(widget, tk.Label):
widget.destroy()
The files/directories the user clicks are not saved really. Your variables input_filedir and output_filename are garbage collected when their respective functions are completed. If you are talking about how the dialog boxes go back to the most recent places opened in a dialog, that is not really something you can mess with too much. The easy answer is you can add the keyword 'initialdir' when you make the dialog to just pick where it goes like this:
output_filename = filedialog.askdirectory(initialdir='C:/This/sort/of/thing/')
The long answer is that filedialog.askdirectory actually creates an instance of filedialog.Directory and in that class, it saves that information for later in a method called _fixresult (but that method also does other things that are important.) You could overwrite this by doing something like this:
class MyDirectory(filedialog.Directory):
def _fixresult(self, widget, result):
"""
this is just a copy of filedialog.Directory._fixresult without
the part that saves the directory for next time
"""
if result:
# convert Tcl path objects to strings
try:
result = result.string
except AttributeError:
# it already is a string
pass
self.directory = result # compatibility
return result
def askdirectory (**options):
"Ask for a directory, and return the file name"
return MyDirectory(**options).show()
and then using your own askdirectory function instead of filedialog.askdirectory, but that is really convoluted so I recommend using initialdir instead if you can.
P.S. When a button is clicked, it calls the function you set after "command=" when you made the button; it seems you got that. But these functions are 'void', in that their return is just ignored. That is to say, the "return input_filedir" line does nothing.
Related
I'm writing a tkinter app that involves a lot of user input fields. One of these fields is a full file path, which is just begging for user error. In order to mitigate this, I'd like to program that particular Entry widget to call filedialog.askopenfilename() when clicked on, so that the user can just pick the file rather than entering the full path manually. As I understand it, the following code should do just that:
# Minimalized version of my code that reproduces the problem
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, filedialog
parent = tk.Tk()
val = tk.StringVar()
def get_file(_):
f = filedialog.askopenfilename()
val.set(f)
parent.focus()
label = ttk.Label(parent, text="Put your file here")
label.pack()
enter = ttk.Entry(parent, textvariable=val)
enter.pack()
enter.bind("<FocusIn>", get_file)
parent.mainloop()
When I run this and click on the Entry widget, get_file() gets called twice in a row. The second call comes immediately after I close the first file dialog and overwrites the first file I chose.
Why is this happening, and how do I stop it?
Thanks!
I have this script where I initialize a tkinter object with some labels, entries, and buttons with commands. when I run the script, the init function executes fine and the instance of the tkinter window gets spawned and the buttons work just fine. The problem is that, the logic after the init function does not get executed and the tkinter window stays looping for ever unless I hit the exit button and then it just finishes the script. I want to be able to use the inputs from the tkinter.Entry() and the tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename() functions to do more stuff later in the application such as loading an excel sheet based on the path passed on the askopenfilename() sections but I can't get it to continue.
Note: I am new to using classes so I believe my mistake is somewhere in the way I am laying down the building blocks of the instance itself. Also, while putting this scrip together so many other questions arised and it has been very hard to find concise answers online. I will post some of those questions here in case someone wants to answer them (not needed though)
1- Do I need to declare every single new variable that come in new methods of the class in the init function, if so, why? I just did it here because pycharm game me warning every time I did not do it but not sure what is the reason behind it.
2- When calling a variable on a new method within the class, and the variable is already defined in the init fucntion, do I need to include the variable in the arguments section of the method? if so, do I add the variable with the self argument or not?
import pandas as pd
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
from datetime import datetime
import openpyxl
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
# Define parameters
self.current_PR_report = ""
self.new_PR_report = ""
self.path = ""
self.raw_excel = None
self.new_report = None
self.current_report = ""
# Configure the root window
self.title("PR Reader")
self.geometry('250x200')
# Label
self.label = ttk.Label(self, text="Merge Problem Reports!")
self.label.pack()
# Date Label and Entry
self.date_label = tk.Label(self, text="Enter Date (MM-DD-YYYY)")
self.date_label.pack()
self.date_label_entry = tk.Entry(self)
self.date_label_entry.pack()
# Run button
self.button = ttk.Button(self, text="Run", command=self.select_file)
self.button.pack()
# Button for closing
self.exit_button = tk.Button(self, text="Exit", command=self.destroy)
self.exit_button.pack(pady=20)
# Bring Dialog box to obtain Excel files paths
def select_file(self):
self.current_PR_report = filedialog.askopenfilename(
title="Select Current PR Report",
initialdir="some path",
filetypes=[("Excel Files", "*.xlsx")])
self.new_PR_report = filedialog.askopenfilename(
title="Select New PR Report",
initialdir="some path",
filetypes=[("Excel Files", "*.xlsx")])
# Load the spreadsheets
self.new_report = self.read_excel_report(self.new_PR_report)
self.current_report = self.read_excel_report(self.current_PR_report)
# Define function to load Excel data
def read_excel_report(self, path):
try:
# sheet_name=None indicates you want a dictionary of data frames, each item in the dictionary
# representing a different worksheet.
self.raw_excel = pd.read_excel(path, sheet_name=-1, engine='openpyxl')
self.raw_excel = self.raw_excel.fillna('')
print("data extracted")
return self.raw_excel
except Exception as e:
print(e)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = App()
app.mainloop()
My main issue is that after running the script my other methods were not getting executed. I learned that I not only need to define the methods on my class but also need to call them inside of it. I this case, I had to call them inside the logic of the "select_file" method since it is the method called when the "Run" button gets called.
Ive rewritten this for more context, in a logical order this is what i want the program to do
1 by pressing open file it needs to open a specified file and put it into the text widget (done)
2 by pressing the extract file it needs to extract something from a specified subtree(in an xml file)
3 export the extracted data to a text file
but lets go back to point nr 2 as i have not yet written the extractor(easy part) first i need to refference a file i want to edit, and that is where i run into my problem. inside extract it cant acess vars in openfile and i dont want to reopen the file again.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog
import tkinter as tk
interface = tk.Tk()
interface.geometry("500x500")
interface.title("Text display")
def openfile():
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename()
print(filename)
file = open(filename)
txt = file.read()
print(txt)
T = tk.Text(interface, height=10, width=50)
T.insert(tk.END, txt)
T.grid(column=1, row=2)
return txt
def extract():
print(txt)
button = ttk.Button(interface, text="Open text File", command=openfile) # <------
button.grid(column=1, row=1)
buttonex = ttk.Button(interface, text="Extract subtitles", command=extract) # <------
buttonex.grid(column=2, row=1)
interface.mainloop()
NameError: name 'txt' is not defined (when i press extract)
As the edit of the initial questions shows that a GUI is planned I would suggest to move your TK widgets into an interface class as in the tkinter documentation. Further, if you plan to do more complex manipulations you should make an own class to hold your data resp. manipulate it.
import tkinter as tk
class App(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master)
self.pack()
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
# Create your buttons and connect them to the methods
self.button_load = tk.Button(self)
self.button_load["command"] = self.loadTextFromFile()
self.button_load["text"] = "Load Data"
self.button_load.gird(column=1, row=1)
self.buttonex = tk.Button(self)
self.buttonex["text"] = "Extract subtitles"
self.buttonex["command"] = self.extract()
self.buttonex.grid(column=2, row=1)
# Create the text widget
self.text_widget = tk.Text(self, height=10, width=50)
self.text_widget.grid(column=1, row=2)
def loadTextFromFile(self):
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename()
print(filename)
try:
file = open(filename)
txt = file.read()
file.close()
self.text_widget.insert(tk.END, txt)
except Exception:
# If anything went wrong, close the file before reraising
file.close()
raise
def extract(self):
# Now you have access to self.text_widget and it holds your read in text
do_something(self.text_widget)
# Maybe at the following functions to make your file importable without directly executing it. Could come in handy later on.
def run():
# create the application
myapp = App()
#
# here are method calls to the window manager class
#
myapp.master.title("My Do-Nothing Application")
myapp.master.maxsize(1000, 400)
# start the program
myapp.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
Have a look at the tkinter documentation for further examples: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html
The additional if clause checks if your module is the main module and executes the run function. This defines an entry point if you directly run your module and prevents functions from execution at import time if you intend to import the module into another module. A more detailed explanation can be found here:
What does if __name__ == "__main__": do?
---------- Old Answer --------------
As pointed out in the comment you need to somehow return your local variables back to the calling function in order to be able to use them somewhere else. This could be achieved by a simple return statement:
def openfile():
""" It is the responsibility of the caller to close the return value """
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename()
print(filename)
try:
file = open(filename)
txt = file.read()
T = tk.Text(interface, height=10, width=50)
T.insert(tk.END, txt)
T.grid(column=1, row=2)
return file
except Exception:
# If anything went wrong, close the file before reraising
file.close()
raise
would for example return the open fileid for further manipulation. E.g.:
def extract():
with openfile() as file:
txtex = file.read()
print (txtex)
If your goal is howeer, to manipulate the file content and read it later you would need to save your manipulations back into the file otherwise your second read would not see the changes. Dont forget to close your file again.
I changed three lines where I believe to have come across typos:
From: self.button_load["command"] = self.loadTextFromFile() to: self.button_load["command"] = self.loadTextFromFile
From: self.button_load.gird(column=1, row=1) to: self.button_load.grid(column=1, row=1)
From: self.buttonex["command"] = self.extract() to: self.buttonex["command"] = self.extract
Thank you for this example!
Before a file is selected, the GUI will have a blank space where the file's name should be. After the file is selected, the GUI should update, and the name of the file selected should be displayed. I have made many different attempts at this, and the program does execute properly, however the name of the file is not displayed. I will show, as best I can, what the GUI should looke like before and after the file is selected
I have tried setting a StringVar() and having the label it is associated with update appropriately, however it has not worked so far. If I had to guess what was wrong, I would guess that the window ins't updating properly, but I am not sure.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import StringVar
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog
#Wraps two functions inside an object which allows both functions to use filename#
class PDFSelector:
#Allows user to select PDF to use in program#
def select_PDF(self):
#Opens file directory to select a file, and shows both folders and PDF files only#
#This should be what changes lbl1a below to the name of the file selected)
self.filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir = "/", title = "Select file", filetypes = (("pdf files", "*.pdf"), ("all files", "*.*")))
file_name.set(self.filename)
window.update_idletasks()
window.update()
#----Main----#
#Creates an instance of the wrapped functions to use the GUI#
selector = PDFSelector()
#Creats the GUI that will be used to select inputs#
window = tk.Tk()
window.geometry("600x130")
window.title("Word Frequency Program")
window.resizable(0, 0)
#Just a simple label on the GUI#
#The name of the file should appear next to "File Selected" AFTER the file has been selected by the user
lbl1 = tk.Label(window, text = "File Selected: ")
lbl1.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
file_name = StringVar()
lbl1a = tk.Label(window, textvariable = file_name)
lbl1a.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
#Calls the select_PDF method to choose a PDF for the program to read#
button1 = ttk.Button(window, text = "Select File", command = selector.select_PDF)
button1.grid(row = 1, column = 4)
window.mainloop()
window.destroy()
GUI should display the name of the file
Apparently the code does work, however there is something on my end that does not display the updated name of the PDF selected. This is for anyone who finds this question in the future, that the code I wrote works.
I am making an text editor and I am working on the save/save-as buttons and have found something that I first thought worked but then found a problem with. The save and save as buttons in the menu don't save the text in the text widget to the file but just creates one. I have put in both functions self.f1.write(text) but only after a few clicks does the text actually save. It is not a time thing because I waited about five minutes and it still didn't work. I have a Mac on Yosemite.
Why doesn't it work?
Here is the script:
#modules
from Tkinter import *
from Tkinter import TclError
import tkFont
import tkMessageBox
import tkFileDialog
class Main(object):
def __init__(self, root):
root.title("PyText")
#menu for the file cascade
self.m1=Menu(root)
self.appmenu = Menu(self.m1, name="apple", tearoff=0)
self.m1.add_cascade(menu=self.appmenu)
self.appmenu.add_command(label="About PyText")
self.appmenu.add_separator()
self.fm=Menu(self.m1, tearoff=0)
self.fm.add_command(label="New", command=self.saveas)
self.fm.add_command(label="Open", accelerator="Cmd+O", command=self.open)
#these two don't work first time...
self.fm.add_command(label="Save", accelerator="Cmd+S", command=self.save)
self.fm.add_command(label="Save As", command=self.saveas)
self.fm.add_separator()
self.fm.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
self.m1.add_cascade(label="File", menu=self.fm)
root.config(menu=self.m1)
#Main text widget
self.t1=Text(root)
self.t1.config(width=90, height=40, undo=True, highlightbackground="black", cursor="ibeam")
self.t1.grid(row=1)
# Here is the problem.
# this command creates the file but does not
# save the text to the file.
def saveas(self):
text = self.t1.get(0.0, END)
self.savelocation=tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename()
self.file=open(self.savelocation, "w+")
self.file.write(text)
# this also has
# the same problem. Once save as has
# been called, it does not save when pressed
# in first click but after a few clicks it
# finaly saves.
def save(self):
try:
text = self.t1.get(0.0, END)
self.f1=open(self.file, "w+")
self.f1.write(text)
except IOError:
text = self.t1.get(0.0, END)
self.f1=open(self.savelocation, "w+")
self.f1.write(text)
except Exception:
tkMessageBox.showinfo("Error", "Please save-as first.")
raise
#works fine!
def open(self):
self.file=tkFileDialog.askopenfilename()
self.OpenFile=file(self.file) # get a file handle
self.ReadFile= self.OpenFile.read() # read the file to variable
self.OpenFile.close() # close file handle
self.t1.delete(0.0, END)
self.t1.insert(END, self.ReadFile)
root = Tk()
app = Main(root)
root.mainloop()
Your code is saving data. However, you aren't closing the file and python buffers output, so the file on disk may not actually have any data until something causes the file to be closed (such as exiting the program normally).
The simple solution is to make sure you close the file after writing to it, and the easiest way to do that is by using open with the with statement.
def save(self):
try:
with open(self.file, "w+") as f1:
texts = self.t1.get("1.0", "end-1c")
f1.write(text)
...
In the above code, when the with block finishes, the file is guaranteed to be closed and the context flushed to disk.
Note: your use of the index 0.0 is incorrect. The index must be a string, and the first character is "1.0" not "0.0". Also, Tkinter always adds an extra newline to the text widget. If you want exactly what the user entered you need to get all but the very last character, which is what "end-1c" means (end, minus one character).