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Using Azure AD to authenticate react application and backend application(python)

I am able to authenticate the react app with AAD and I am able to get the access token.
I have the following questions:
My backend is in python flask (WEB API's). How do I make sure that every request sent by react app is also authenticated with the same token?
Should I register a different application for the backend( python flask) or I can use the client ID of the same frontend application?
If I am passing the token in the header while calling every API request from the frontend, how backend will verify is the token is valid? Also, should it verify every API request?
I have seen multiple options like flask-azure-oauth library and some other libraries. For frontend I have tried ADAL and MSAL libraries.

In frontend make sure you append the accessToken in you're each HTTP request like, writing a common HTTP module and use it across the react app. And to make sure you're app is authenticated with same token you need to wrap react app with adal or MSAL or react-adal.
You have to use the same client id which used in react app in you're python backend in-order to verify the token you're sending in the API request.
You need to add before_request hook in flask and verify the accessToken you receive in the request. reference link
you can also check react-adal package for AAD authentication.

How can i get windows username in vue flask app?

I'm developing a web app with Flask and Vuejs (deploy on IIS) and i want to get the remote windows username without login on my application. How can i do that?
i try the following flask rest api but doesn't work. (with IIS configuration: Authentication - Anonymous Authentication ENABLED the result is REMOTE_USER "")
#app.route('/username', methods=['GET'])
def user():
data = request.environ.get("REMOTE_USER")
return jsonify(data)

To get value from REMOTE_USER, please enable windows authentication instead of anonymous authentication.
If you enable anonymous authentication only, IIS will never receive REMOTE_USER request variable.
When you enable windows authentication, client will always pass authenticated user via REMOTE_USER.
you could set IE to automatic login with current username/password. So that client can sign in your website automatically.
However, it is impossible to get username without change configuration and permission on client side.

Python OAuth2 server with social networks for a RESTfull API

I'm trying to implement OAuth2 server for a RESTfull API with a login option through social platforms (Github, Facebook, Instagram) using Python and Falcon web framework.
But I've struggled to understand how this thing should work.
My current understanding led me to the following scheme:
1.1. On the API side, I'm creating an endpoint /auth/login/github which basically will tell the mobile app to redirect the client to the Github.com authorization page - github.com/login/oauth/authorize
1.2. On the Github authorization page user will be presented with the following screen:
1.3. After pressing Authorize user will be taken to the page specified in the callback parameter (Github OAuth service configuration) with the newly granted temporary authorization code. In my case URL will look like: my.api.com/auth/callback/github?code=AUTH_CODE
2.1. After receiving a callback request, I'm parsing/extracting passed Authorization Code and query Github.com from the backend in order to redeem Authorization Code and get Access Token (sending POST request using my Client ID and Client Secret to github.com/login/oauth/access_token)
2.2. If everything was successful Github will reply to my POST request with the Access Token, which I can use to get user profile details (e.g. e-mail)
3.1. Now that I know that authorization through the Github was successful (because I got users' email) I can grant my own Access Token to that user, so he can query my API endpoints. I do this just by adding randomly generating OAuth2 Token and inserting it into my database, simultaneously returning same token to the user by redirecting him to the mobile app using deep links (e.g.: myapp://token).
3.2. Finally mobile app can query my API endpoints by adding the following header to each request Authorization: Bearer 0b79bab50daca910b000d4f1a2b675d604257e42
Does that make sense and is this the correct way of doing the social authorization for RESTfull API's?
I'm using Falcon as the web framework for this project and Authlib as the OAuth2 library.

Its one way for sure. And it looks alright.
I'm going to make it simpler, and maybe its a bit clear whats happening.
1.1 [Mobile APP] redirects user to github.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=CLIENT_ID with the client id you registered with github
1.2 [Mobile APP] user comes via a redirect to fancy.app/callback/github?code=AUTH_CODE (this is the callback url you configure on github)
1.2.1 [Mobile APP] call your API endpoint with the AUTH_CODE
1.3 [API] confirm with github the AUTH_CODE is valid.
Up to this point we have user authentication; the user isn't a random guy, is user xxx on github.com and you have the information you requested.
Now, if you need to authorise this user on your API, after 1.3:
1.3.1 [API] generate a token
1.3.2 [API] store the token in some persistent storage
1.3.3 [API] define some expiration time for the token (actually the AUTH_CODE from github should have some expiration, use that)
1.3.4 [API] return the token to the mobile APP
This token we've generated is what the Mobile APP will use to authenticate the user on the API; no further calls to github (until expiration at least).

1.1. On the API side, I'm creating an endpoint /auth/login/github which basically will tell the mobile app to redirect the client to the Github.com authorization page - github.com/login/oauth/authorize
Instead of hard coding /auth/login/github, how about making it a query parameter on your API so that you can quickly integrate separate OAuth2 providers (Google, Facebook, etc.)
Your endpoint URL would now look like /auth/login/?provider=github and your backend can provide the correct redirect url for the mobile app to go to. This means you can simply add new buttons for Facebook /auth/login/?provider=facebook and it would be minimal work.
When you receive the callback request, the URL may then look something like my.api.com/auth/callback/?provider=github&code=AUTH_CODE. You may also want to insert a new user record to your own database (if you have one), so you can prompt for extra info if required, I would do this in Django for example, since I require extra info on top of the data that is provided by third-party OAuth2 providers.
Overall, the approach looks sound.

administrator has not consented to use the application -- Azure AD

I am trying to obtain a token from Azure AD from Python client application. I want users to seamlessly authenticate with just a username and password (client_id / secret will be embedded in the app). I registered my app and given it all permissions and hit the "grant permissions" button in the new portal according to this post:
The user or administrator has not consented to use the application - Send an interactive authorization request for this user and resource
I am sending an http post to:
https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenant_id}/oauth2/token
with the following data:
headers = {
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}
body = "resource={0}&grant_type=password&username={1}&password={2}&client_id={3}&client_secret={4}&scope=openid".format(app_id_uri,user,password,client_id,client_secret)
I cannot seem to get past this error no matter what I try:
b'{"error":"invalid_grant","error_description":"AADSTS65001: The user or administrator has not consented to use the application with ID \'078c1175-e384-4ac7-9116-efbebda7ccc2\'. Send an interactive authorization request for this user and resource.
Again, my goal:
User enters user / pass and nothing else. App sends user / pass / client_id / client_secret, obtains token.

According to your comment:
The message I'm receiving says to do an interactive request but that is exactly what I'm trying to avoid because this is a python app with no web browser and I'm trying to avoid complexity.
I think you want to build a daemon app or an app only application integrating with Azure AD. You can refer to https://graph.microsoft.io/en-us/docs/authorization/app_only for the general introduction.
Furthermore, you can leverage the ADAL for Python to implement this functionality with a ease. Also, you can refer to client_credentials_sample.py for a quick start.

You should try logging in as an admin to be able to give consent to use the application on your tenant at all.

Google O-Auth stops working after shifting from http to https

I had created a web application in Django,setup Google and Facebook O-auth(using python-social-auth) for login and hosted it on a domain - example.com.Many users had already registered on it using google sign in.However yesterday I setup ssl certificates for my website and upgraded to an https connection.Thereafter I went to the console.developers.google.com and changed the Authorized JavaScript origins to https://example.com and Authorized redirect URIs to https://example.com/soc/complete/google-oauth2/.Now oauth is working for new users however the old users are getting an error with error code 400(redirect_uri_mismatch) with the following message-
The redirect URI in the request,does not match the ones authorized for
the OAuth client.
I am guessing this is because the tokens created for the users had an http endpoint.How do I refresh those tokens to point to the new https url without creating any hassle for the existing users?

You can provide multiple URLs for redirect URl and origin, so simply make sure you've configured both http and https variants.