I am automating a form-filler using selenium, however the issue is the user needs to be logged in to their google account. Selenium is opening up a new browser instance where the user is not logged in. I cannot automate the log in process due to 2 factor authentication.
So far I've found
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open('www.google.com', new = 2)
which will open the window the way I want with the user logged in, however I am unable to interact with the page unlike selenium. Is there a way I can get selenium to open a window like webbrowser? Or is there a way to interact with the page with webbrowser? I have checked the docs of both and not seen an answer to this
You don't need to make the user log in again to their user account. You can use the same chrome profile that you have for your browser. This will enabled you to use all your accounts from chrome without making them log explicitly.
Here is how you can do this :
First get the user chrome profile path
Mine was : C:\Users\hpoddar\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data
If you have multiple profiles you might need to get the Profile id for your chrome google account as well.
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium import webdriver
chrome_path = r"C:\Users\hpoddar\Desktop\Tools\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe"
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument(r"--user-data-dir=C:\Users\hpoddar\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data")
# Specify this if multiple profiles in chrome
# options.add_argument('--profile-directory=Profile 1')
s = Service(chrome_path)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=options)
driver.get("https://www.google.co.in")
When selenium opens youtube, I am not signed in and when I try to sign in, it says the following:
"This browser or app may not be secure. Learn more
Try using a different browser. If you’re already using a supported browser, you can refresh your screen and try again to sign in."
Is there any way to sign in
This is the code:
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome("C:\\Users\\Pranav Sandeep\\Downloads\\chromedriver.exe")
browser.get('https://www.youtube.com')
SearchBar = browser.find_element_by_name("search_query").send_keys("Selenium", Keys.ENTER)
Video = browser.find_element_by_id("video-title")
Video.click()
You need to first sign in to google and then you can go to youtube. Use this code below.
Use Seleniumwire with undetected browser v2
Note: put chromedriver in your sys path.
from seleniumwire.undetected_chromedriver.v2 import Chrome, ChromeOptions
import time
options = {}
chrome_options = ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-data-dir=hash')
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
chrome_options.add_argument("--incognito")
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
# chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
browser = Chrome(seleniumwire_options=options, options=chrome_options)
browser.get('https://gmail.com')
browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[#id="identifierId"]').send_keys('your-email')
browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[#id="identifierNext"]/div/button').click()
time.sleep(5)
browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[#id="password"]/div[1]/div/div[1]/input').send_keys('you-password')
browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[#id="passwordNext"]/div/button').click()
time.sleep(5)
browser.get('https://www.youtube.com')
In addition to this, selenium wire has many awesome features, check out Github repository
I'm working on trying to automate a game I want to get ahead in called pokemon vortex and when I login using selenium it works just fine, however when I attempt to load a page that requires a user to be logged in I am sent right back to the login page (I have tried it outside of selenium with the same browser, chrome).
This is what I have
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from random import randint
driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'C:\Program Files (x86)\SeleniumDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get('https://zeta.pokemon-vortex.com/dashboard/');
time.sleep(5) # Let the user actually see something!
usernameLoc = driver.find_element_by_id('myusername')
passwordLoc = driver.find_element_by_id('mypassword')
usernameLoc.send_keys('mypassword')
passwordLoc.send_keys('12345')
submitButton = driver.find_element_by_id('submit')
submitButton.submit()
time.sleep(3)
driver.get('https://zeta.pokemon-vortex.com/map/10')
time.sleep(10)
I'm using python 3.6+ and I literally just installed selenium today so it's up to date, how do I force selenium to hold onto cookies?
Using a pre-defined user profile might solve your problem. This way your cache will be saved and will not be deleted.
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=C:/Users/user_name/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/User Data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.get("xyz.com")
I am using selenium to crawl a javascript website, the issue is that, a Firefox browser opens up, but the call for the URL is not done. however, when I close the browser, it is then that call for URL is done and of course I get the missing driver exception. what do you think the issue comes from.
knowing that:
all programs are up-to-date
my solution works fine, in local, but when I try to deploy it on the server, I start having issues
Example: at my local machine, I run this script and everything goes smooth, however when I run it a server (Linux), only the browser opens up and no get URL is called
from selenium import webdriver
import time
geckodriver_path = r'.../geckodriver'
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path= geckodriver_path)
time.sleep(3)
driver.get("http://www.stackoverflow.com")
I end up finding the solution :
from selenium import webdriver
import time
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
geckodriver_path = r'/path_to/geckodriver'
binary = FirefoxBinary(r'/usr/bin/firefox')
capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities().FIREFOX
capabilities["marionette"] = False
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary,
executable_path= geckodriver_path,
capabilities=capabilities)
time.sleep(3)
driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com/")
time.sleep(6)
driver.close()
# solution from:
# https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/3884
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25713824/setting-path-to-firefox-binary-on-windows-with-selenium-webdriver
How can I save all cookies in Python's Selenium WebDriver to a .txt file, and then load them later?
The documentation doesn't say much of anything about the getCookies function.
You can save the current cookies as a Python object using pickle. For example:
import pickle
import selenium.webdriver
driver = selenium.webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
pickle.dump(driver.get_cookies(), open("cookies.pkl", "wb"))
And later to add them back:
import pickle
import selenium.webdriver
driver = selenium.webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))
for cookie in cookies:
driver.add_cookie(cookie)
When you need cookies from session to session, there is another way to do it. Use the Chrome options user-data-dir in order to use folders as profiles. I run:
# You need to: from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=selenium")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get("www.google.com")
Here you can do the logins that check for human interaction. I do this and then the cookies I need now every time I start the Webdriver with that folder everything is in there. You can also manually install the Extensions and have them in every session.
The second time I run, all the cookies are there:
# You need to: from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=selenium")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get("www.google.com") # Now you can see the cookies, the settings, extensions, etc., and the logins done in the previous session are present here.
The advantage is you can use multiple folders with different settings and cookies, Extensions without the need to load, unload cookies, install and uninstall Extensions, change settings, change logins via code, and thus no way to have the logic of the program break, etc.
Also, this is faster than having to do it all by code.
Remember, you can only add a cookie for the current domain.
If you want to add a cookie for your Google account, do
browser.get('http://google.com')
for cookie in cookies:
browser.add_cookie(cookie)
Just a slight modification for the code written by Roel Van de Paar, as all credit goes to him. I am using this in Windows and it is working perfectly, both for setting and adding cookies:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome('chromedriver.exe',options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://web.whatsapp.com') # Already authenticated
time.sleep(30)
Based on the answer by Eduard Florinescu, but with newer code and the missing imports added:
$ cat work-auth.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
# Setup:
# sudo apt-get install chromium-chromedriver
# sudo -H python3 -m pip install selenium
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/bin/chromedriver',options=chrome_options)
chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver.get('https://www.somedomainthatrequireslogin.com')
time.sleep(30) # Time to enter credentials
driver.quit()
$ cat work.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/bin/chromedriver',options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://www.somedomainthatrequireslogin.com') # Already authenticated
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()
Ideally it would be better to not copy the directory in the first place, but this is very hard, see
How to Prevent Selenium 3.0 (Geckodriver) from Creating Temporary Firefox Profiles?
how do I use an existing profile in-place with Selenium Webdriver?
Also
Can't use existing Firefox profile in Selenium WebDriver using C# (similar solution to the solution below)
This is a solution that saves the profile directory for Firefox (similar to the user-data-dir (user data directory) in Chrome) (it involves manually copying the directory around. I haven't been able to find another way):
It was tested on Linux.
Short version:
To save the profile
driver.execute_script("window.close()")
time.sleep(0.5)
currentProfilePath = driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]
profileStoragePath = "/tmp/abc"
shutil.copytree(currentProfilePath, profileStoragePath,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=True
)
To load the profile
driver = Firefox(executable_path="geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64",
firefox_profile=FirefoxProfile(profileStoragePath)
)
Long version (with demonstration that it works and a lot of explanation -- see comments in the code)
The code uses localStorage for demonstration, but it works with cookies as well.
#initial imports
from selenium.webdriver import Firefox, FirefoxProfile
import shutil
import os.path
import time
# Create a new profile
driver = Firefox(executable_path="geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64",
# * I'm using this particular version. If yours is
# named "geckodriver" and placed in system PATH
# then this is not necessary
)
# Navigate to an arbitrary page and set some local storage
driver.get("https://DuckDuckGo.com")
assert driver.execute_script(r"""{
const tmp = localStorage.a; localStorage.a="1";
return [tmp, localStorage.a]
}""") == [None, "1"]
# Make sure that the browser writes the data to profile directory.
# Choose one of the below methods
if 0:
# Wait for some time for Firefox to flush the local storage to disk.
# It's a long time. I tried 3 seconds and it doesn't work.
time.sleep(10)
elif 1:
# Alternatively:
driver.execute_script("window.close()")
# NOTE: It might not work if there are multiple windows!
# Wait for a bit for the browser to clean up
# (shutil.copytree might throw some weird error if the source directory changes while copying)
time.sleep(0.5)
else:
pass
# I haven't been able to find any other, more elegant way.
#`close()` and `quit()` both delete the profile directory
# Copy the profile directory (must be done BEFORE driver.quit()!)
currentProfilePath = driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]
assert os.path.isdir(currentProfilePath)
profileStoragePath = "/tmp/abc"
try:
shutil.rmtree(profileStoragePath)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
shutil.copytree(currentProfilePath, profileStoragePath,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=True # There's a lock file in the
# profile directory that symlinks
# to some IP address + port
)
driver.quit()
assert not os.path.isdir(currentProfilePath)
# Selenium cleans up properly if driver.quit() is called,
# but not necessarily if the object is destructed
# Now reopen it with the old profile
driver=Firefox(executable_path="geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64",
firefox_profile=FirefoxProfile(profileStoragePath)
)
# Note that the profile directory is **copied** -- see FirefoxProfile documentation
assert driver.profile.path!=profileStoragePath
assert driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]!=profileStoragePath
# Confusingly...
assert driver.profile.path!=driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]
# And only the latter is updated.
# To save it again, use the same method as previously mentioned
# Check the data is still there
driver.get("https://DuckDuckGo.com")
data = driver.execute_script(r"""return localStorage.a""")
assert data=="1", data
driver.quit()
assert not os.path.isdir(driver.capabilities["moz:profile"])
assert not os.path.isdir(driver.profile.path)
What doesn't work:
Initialize Firefox(capabilities={"moz:profile": "/path/to/directory"}) -- the driver will not be able to connect.
options=Options(); options.add_argument("profile"); options.add_argument("/path/to/directory"); Firefox(options=options) -- same as above.
Try this method:
import pickle
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="chromedriver.exe")
URL = "SITE URL"
driver.get(URL)
sleep(10)
if os.path.exists('cookies.pkl'):
cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))
for cookie in cookies:
driver.add_cookie(cookie)
driver.refresh()
sleep(5)
# check if still need login
# if yes:
# write login code
# when login success save cookies using
pickle.dump(driver.get_cookies(), open("cookies.pkl", "wb"))
This is code I used in Windows. It works.
for item in COOKIES.split(';'):
name,value = item.split('=', 1)
name=name.replace(' ', '').replace('\r', '').replace('\n', '')
value = value.replace(' ', '').replace('\r', '').replace('\n', '')
cookie_dict={
'name':name,
'value':value,
"domain": "", # Google Chrome
"expires": "",
'path': '/',
'httpOnly': False,
'HostOnly': False,
'Secure': False
}
self.driver_.add_cookie(cookie_dict)
Use this code to store the login session of any website like google facebook etc
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import undetected_chromedriver as uc
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("user-data-dir=C:/Users/salee/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/User Data/Profile 1")
browser = uc.Chrome(use_subprocess=True,Options=options)
For my case, the accepted answer is almost there.
For people that have no luck with the answers above, you are welcome to try my way.
Before you start coding, make sure that the website is using cookies for authentication.
Step:
Open your browser (I am using chrome here), login to your website.
Go to this website in order to know how to check the value of the cookies
Open another browser in incognito mode and go to your website (at this stage, your website should still prompt you the login page)
Try to modify the cookies value with the first browser cookies's value accordingly (your first browser must authenticated to your website)
Refresh your incognito mode browser, it should by pass the login page
The steps above is how I used to make sure adding cookies can authenticate to my website.
Now is the coding part, it is almost the same as the accepted answer. The only problem for me with the accepted answer is that I ended up having double the numbers of my cookies.
The pickle.dump part has no issue for me, so I would straight to the add cookie part.
import pickle
import selenium.webdriver
driver = selenium.webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://your.website.com")
cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))
# the reason that I delete the cookies is because I found duplicated cookies by inspect the cookies with browser like step 2
driver.delete_all_cookies()
for cookie in cookies:
driver.add_cookie(cookie)
driver.refresh()
You are able to use step 2 to check if the cookies you add with the code is working correctly.
Hope it helps.