I'm controlling turtle animation by using tracer(0, 0) and stamping the turtle cursor itself.
However, it refreshes strangely, it's suppose to be 1 second between any animation (with sleep) but it seems to sometimes hang for two second, then a couple of second later zaps into position:
The code is:
import turtle
import time
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.listen()
screen.tracer(0, 0)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed('fastest')
pen.shape("circle")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
next = [0, 8]
time.sleep(10)
while True:
pen.goto(next[0]*20, next[1]*20)
screen.clear()
pen.stamp()
screen.update()
time.sleep(1)
next = [next[0], next[1]-1]
Seems like simply sleeping is not a good idea. I seem to also have trouble getting it to work with threading. How do I it works with a predefined time like 1 second in this case?
Depending on the efficiency of your computer, time.sleep(1) would have different durations.
Instead of relying on the efficiency of your computer to adjust the sleep duration, you can use the perf_counter method to detect how long your program has been running from one part to another.
Basically, once you run the program, the time tracking starts. Where ever you call time.perf_counter(), it will return the amount of time for the start of the program to reach the place you called time.perf_counter().
import turtle
import time
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.listen()
screen.tracer(0, 0)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed('fastest')
pen.shape("circle")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
nxt = [0, 8]
time.sleep(10)
while True:
start = time.perf_counter() # Find the total performance time from the start of the program to here
pen.goto(nxt[0]*20, nxt[1]*20)
screen.clear()
pen.stamp()
screen.update()
while time.perf_counter() - start < 1: # Keep looping until the amount of performance time from right under "while True" to this line reaches 1 second
pass
nxt = [nxt[0], nxt[1]-1]
Using sleep and while True: loops in an event-driven world like turtle is a bad idea. We can instead use a timer event to produce the effect you describe. While we're at it, we're going to toss stamping as that's not adding anything, and neither are clear() and listen():
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
CURSOR_SIZE = 20
def drop():
screen.update()
turtle.sety(turtle.ycor() - CURSOR_SIZE)
screen.ontimer(drop, 1000) # 1 second
screen = Screen()
screen.tracer(False)
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.shape('circle')
turtle.penup()
turtle.sety(160)
screen.ontimer(drop, 10_000) # 10 seconds
screen.mainloop()
Of course, you need to add some logic to avoid restarting the timer event if/when the circle falls off the bottom of the screen. By using while True: loops, and sleep() you potentially block events, like user keystrokes or window closing, from reaching turtle.
One minor inaccuracy here is the drop() method takes some minimal time to run -- to factor that out, if needed/desired, you need to adjust the timing based on clock time or something like time.perf_counter() as #AnnZen demonstrates, but not in a pass loop!
EDIT:
Related
I am trying to speed up my turtle whenever I press the space bar.
I have a code that looks something like this
import turtle
instructions = [20,30,40,20,50,5,20,30,40,200,5]
speed = 0
wn = turtle.Screen()
drone = turtle.Turtle()
speed = 1
def sped():
global speed
speed += 1
for instruction in instructions:
drone.forward(instruction)
drone.left(45)
wn.onkey(sped, "space")
drone.speed(speed)
print(speed)
However, the speed is always 1. I've tried scouring the internet but nothing comes up. How do I fix this?
I am making this game where you use the w, a, s, d keys to move a ball. I am trying to make a timer that starts when you press "start game". The problem is, when I do something like time.sleep, it interrupts the movement of the ball. I want to render the timer in the top right corner of the screen and make it 1 minute (also I will make a conditional statement for when the timer stops so I would like that to be possible).
This is what I believe would be easiest, and fit your needs the best.
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 60 # Or whatever frame-rate you want to cap the game at.
time = 0
game_started = False
# This is the main loop.
while True:
dt = clock.tick(fps)
if game_started:
time += dt
if time >= 60000: # 60 seconds.
game_started = False
# Then handle, events, update/draw objects etc.
Just set game_started = True when you press the button and the time variable will start to increment in time. Then you can just draw the time variable to the screen however you like. If you don't want to draw it when it isn't running then just blit it when game_started is True.
As in having two Turtles moving at once. For example, I import two turtles, then try to have both of them move forward alongside each other. How can I do this?
bob = turtle.Turtle()
john = turtle.Turtle()
def move_turtles(ammount):
for i in range(ammount // 10):
bob.forward(10)
john.forward(10)
move_turtles(100)
There's no way to move them at the same time, although you can use something like that. It moves the turtles by 10 points each, so it gives the impression that they are moving together, but they are actually moving separately by little ammounts. It repeats the operation (ammount //10) times, and moves 10 in each iteration, so if you were to give 50 as an input, it would move 5 times 10 points, resulting in 50. You can then customize the function to move by a little a turtle so they don't overlap and so on.
You can move multiple turtles independently at the same time using timer events -- you can even have them move at different rates, both in time and space:
import turtle
turtle.setworldcoordinates(0, -100, 100, 100)
bob = turtle.Turtle(shape="turtle")
bob.penup()
bob.sety(20)
john = turtle.Turtle(shape="turtle")
john.penup()
john.sety(-20)
def move_bob():
bob.forward(1)
if bob.xcor() < 90:
turtle.ontimer(move_bob, 75)
def move_john():
john.forward(2)
if john.xcor() < 90:
turtle.ontimer(move_john, 100)
move_bob()
move_john()
turtle.exitonclick()
Other folks also use threads to achieve this but timer events are built into the turtle module.
There is a way to control frames using the Turtle module - you need to change the screen attributes.
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.tracer(0)
This method makes all turtle movement invisible until you run screen.update(), and then every turtle will be visually updated at the same time on the screen. In your case, you can write screen.update() after the movement of both turtles, and they will appear to move at the same time.
I created this function that randomly spawn a dot, but because its in my game loop the dot just does not stay where it is. I want it to spawn a dot and then wait 6 seconds and spawn another one randomly, but the first still being there. Because there is other things happening on the screen at the same time I cant use time.sleep(6). Any help solving this would be really appreciated.
def random_spawn():
image_x = random.randrange(122, 476)
image_y = random.randrange(90, 350)
screen.blit(Green, (image_x, image_y))
Don't use time.sleep. In general, in game programming, you never want to use time.sleep for any reason.
In your case, you just need to check a timer or clock every so often, and if the time is up, run your spawn function.
This is what a typical game loop will look like:
while True:
# get/handle player input
# update game state
# update sprites
# draw background
# draw sprites
# flip display
In your case, when you update your game state, you should check how much time has passed since you last spawned your random sprite. If it has been longer than 6 seconds, spawn a new one.
It will look something like this:
if time.clock() - last_spawn_time > 6.0:
random_spawn()
I think a way to fix this would be to only randomly spawn a dot if certain conditions are met. So you can define a function that randomly generates new coordinates outside of your main function (and returns them). Then your main game loop will take care of rendering the dot on the screen if certain conditions are met. For example:
image_x, image_y = get_random_coordinates()
while True:
if time.clock() - last_spawn_time > 6.0:
image_x, image_y = get_random_coordinates()
last_spawn_time = time.clock()
screen.blit(Green, (image_x, image_y))
So the idea is that you draw the same random coordinates, and keep drawing those same coordinates until the time between your last spawning and now is more than 6 seconds.
If you are trying to avoid using threads, and just using a while loop, perhaps this might work:
import time
def my_function():
print 'it has been about 6 seconds'
prev_time_stamp = time.time()
while True:
#do something
#do something else
if time.time() > prev_time_stamp + 6:
prev_time_stamp = time.time()
my_function()
#do something else
import random module:
import random
create random coordinates:
rand_X = (random.randrange(0, display_width - image_width)
rand_Y = (random.randrange(0, display_height - image_height)
blit image:
gameDisplay.blit(yourimage,(randAppleX,randAppleY))
I'm writing a program for my physics final. Throughout the semester we have used vPython to model situations and get exact answers, etc. Our final project is to create a game using vPython that includes some type of physics.
I chose to remake Bowman except with tanks. So you have a tank on the right hand of the screen and left hand of the screen with a wall in the middle. The object is to aim your cannon and shoot the right velocity to hit your opponent's tank. I have the a good chunk of the program complete however I am stuck on a few different things.
First, how can I time a keystroke? I have it so I shoot from the each cannon however I want to be able to hold down a key and dependent on how long it's held down for the faster the initial velocity will be.
Second, where would I incorporate gravity into the program? I have a general idea of how to but I just don't know which function to put it into.
Lastly, I have a wall height being generated randomly each time the program is run. However sometimes the wall is so small you can't see it. Is there a way I can set a range of values for this?
Here is my code:
from visual import*
from random import*
scene.autoscale=False
scene.width = 1500
scene.height = 800
scene.title='Tanks'
def moveaup(gun):
theta=arctan(gun.axis.y/gun.axis.x)
dtheta=.1
if (theta<pi/2):
theta=theta+dtheta
if not (theta>pi/2):
gun.axis=(cos(theta),sin(theta),0)
else:
gun.axis=vector(0,1,0)
def moveadown(gun):
theta=arctan(gun.axis.y/gun.axis.x)
dtheta=.1
if (theta>0):
theta=theta-dtheta
gun.axis=(cos(theta),sin(theta),0)
def movebup(gun):
theta=arctan(gun.axis.y/gun.axis.x)+pi
dtheta=.1
if (theta>pi/2):
theta=theta-dtheta
if not (theta<pi/2):
gun.axis=(cos(theta),sin(theta),0)
else:
gun.axis=vector(0,1,0)
def movebdown(gun):
theta=arctan(gun.axis.y/gun.axis.x)+pi
dtheta=.1
if (theta<pi):
theta=theta+dtheta
gun.axis=(cos(theta),sin(theta),0)
def shoota(gun):
vel = vector(1,1,0)
bullet = sphere(pos=(gun.pos.x+gun.axis.x,gun.pos.y+gun.axis.y,0),radius=(.0785),color=color.yellow)
bullet.v = vector(0,0,0)
bullet.v = bullet.v+vel
bulletlist.append(bullet)
def shootb(gun):
vel = vector(-1,1,0)
bullet = sphere(pos=(gun.pos.x+gun.axis.x,gun.pos.y+gun.axis.y,0),radius=(.0785),color=color.green)
bullet.v = vector(0,0,0)
bullet.v = bullet.v+vel
bulletlist.append(bullet)
def bulletlistupdate(bulletlist):
dt=.01
for a in bulletlist:
a.pos=a.pos+a.v*dt
def checks(agun,bgun):
if scene.kb.keys:
key=scene.kb.getkey()
if key=='a':
moveaup(agun)
if key=='s':
moveadown(agun)
if key=='l':
movebup(bgun)
if key=='k':
movebdown(bgun)
if key=='d':
shoota(agun)
if key=='j':
shootb(bgun)
#enviroment
ground = box(pos=(0,-8,0),size=(50,5,0),color=color.red)
wall = box(pos=(0,-8,0),size=(.25,20*random(),0),color=color.red)
#playerA
abody = box(pos=(-11,-5.25,0),size=(.5,.5,0),color=color.blue)
agun = cylinder(pos=(-11,-5.1,0),axis=(.8,.8,0),radius=(.08),color=color.blue)
#playerB
bbody= box(pos=(11,-5.25,0),size=(.5,.5,0),color=color.yellow)
bgun = cylinder(pos=(11,-5.1,0),axis=(-.8,.8,0),radius=(.08),color=color.yellow)
bulletlist = []
while True:
rate(1000)
checks(agun,bgun)
bulletlistupdate(bulletlist)
Any and all help is welcome!
Thanks much!
You can time things in python using the time module
import time
start = time.time()
finish = time.time()
print start # 1386269106.18
print finish # 1386269111.11
print (finish - start) # 4.9276599884
So when the player first starts pressing the button, save the time. Then save the time again when the player stops pressing the button. The difference between these two times is the number of seconds the player held the button.
[Edit] If all you can do is check if the key is pressed down, you can get the time inside the main loop and calculate dt (the amount of time that has passed):
t = time.time()
while True:
new_t = time.time()
dt = new_t - t
t = new_t
rate(1000)
checks(agun,bgun, dt)
bulletlistupdate(bulletlist)
Then pass dt to checks, and if the key is pressed down, you know the key has been held down for another dt seconds, and you can add it to your running total of time that it has been held down.
For the random you would need to enter a command similar to this:
random.randrange(5,31) #this would give you a random range between the numbers 4-30
I don't want to do your homework for you as I don't think you are asking for that. I hope this helps you.
I'm sorry this should be the correct code for you:
random.randint(7,40) # this would get you a random integer of 7-40
I apologize for the misinformation.