I am a beginner in Python. This is a challenge that I've found in a forum.
This program is censoring the words' (which has given by the user) letters with "*" except the first letter.
For example, If the sentence is "Every breath you take every move you make" and the input word is "every", the output should look like this:
2 incidents found.
Censored lyrics:
E**** breath you take e**** move you make
This was my only idea but it did not work.
text=input("Enter your text: ").lower()
word=input("Choose a word from the previously entered text: ").lower()
def censor(text,word):
t=text.split()
n=[]
for i in t:
if(i==word):
n.append("*"*len(word))
else:
n.append(i)
return " ".join(n)
print (censor)
Any help would be appreciated!
There are a few mistakes.
In Python 3 you have to use () while printing e.g. print("Hello world") NOT: print "Hello world"
i.lower()==word because "Every" != "every"
n.append(i[0]+"*"*(len(word)-1)) because you want first letter to stay
Code:
text=input("Enter your text: ").lower()
word=input("Choose a word from the previously entered text: ").lower()
def censor(text,word):
t=text.split()
n=[]
for i in t:
if(i.lower()==word):
n.append(i[0]+"*"*(len(word)-1))
else:
n.append(i)
return " ".join(n)
print(censor(text,word))
The issue here is that when you find the word, you just put * you never add the first letter. To fix that you would need:
n.append(word[0]+"*"*(len(word)-1))
instead of
n.append("*"*len(word))
Now it will add the first letter and the right number of * afterward.
It's not clear how it "doesn't work"; when I run your code this is the output:
***** breath you take ***** move you make
We can tweak your script to leave in the first letter:
if(i==word):
n.append(i[0] + "*"*(len(word)-1))
Giving the output as:
e**** breath you take e**** move you make
Again, it's not actually clear what wasn't working, but that's how you'd show the first letter of each censored word.
I have an approach related to Regex which could suit this purpose, just consider this as something you can expand on thinking to create your final program:
import re
blacklist = ['every']
def replace(match):
word = match.group()
if word.lower() in blacklist:
return word[0]+"*"*(len(word)-1)
else:
return word
text = 'Every breath you take every move you make'
text = re.sub(r'\b\w*\b', replace, text, flags=re.I|re.U)
print(text)
The advantage this has is that it will work with all kinds of word boundaries that regex recognizes.
You can check the output image below:
Related
def censor(text,word):
t=str(text)
w=str(word)
if w in t:
l=len(w)
item = ("*" * l)
return t.replace(w,item)
else:
return t
print(censor("salad","s"))
So instead of having two parameters, I would want a variable that asks the user for a sentence and then it checks if there are any curse words, if there isn't, it returns it unchanged
It's a good idea to keep a useful function like 'censoring a text' in a function and user input and output separately, because the function could be easily reused in a situation where you don't want user interaction (like censoring another writting message for example).
It also helps to think ahead a little. Your example finds one word and blots it out, but do you need to censor multiple words? And what if the word is part of another word, is it still a bad word? ("My friend from Scherpenisse, has a massive collection of Dickensian fiction, but ever since they moved to Scunthorpe, they bedamn anything Shakespearean. Hey look, an American bushtit!")
Of course the problem is even harder with names to consider, just ask Dick Cheney and George Bush.
The easy things are quick to fix though:
def censor(text, forbidden):
return ' '.join(
word if word.casefold() not in forbidden else '*' * len(word)
for word in text.split())
print(censor('I like fruit salad\n\nbecause it is fruitilicious', ['fruit', 'produce']))
Why this works:
' '.join(<some iterable>) takes the elements from an iterable like a list and joins them together with the string at the start, a space in this case;
word.casefold() gives you the lowercase, simplified version of a word, to avoid things like aßhole or DaMn slipping through;
x if some_condition else y is an expression with a conditional built in;
'*' * len(word) - just a short version of what you already found.
word for word in text.split() gets you a generator that yield the words in text, split over whitespace, one at a time.
All of it taken together splits up text into words, checks if their simplified (casefolded) version is in the list of forbidden words and replaces them with a mask if so, otherwise, it just leaves the word - and at the end, it combines all of them back together into a sentence.
There are more problems to consider. For example, if you need to preserve the original formatting of a text (perhaps it contains multiple spaces, tabs, etc.) an approach using regular expressions might be better:
import re
def censor(text, forbidden):
for word in forbidden:
text = re.sub(rf'(?:(?<=^)|(?<=\s)){word}(?=$|\s)', '*' * len(word), text)
return text
print(censor('I like fruit salad\n\nbecause it is fruitilicious', ['fruit', 'produce']))
This works mainly because of the regular expression, with these parts:
(?:(?<=^)|(?<=\s)) checks if the string has the start of a line ^ or whitespace \s immediately before it; it's done in two because the Python regex engine requires different options separated by | in a lookbehind to be of the same size;
{word} is replaced in the expression by each forbidden word, for each iteration, thanks to the f at the start of the string;
(?=$|\s) checks that the word is followed by the end of the line, or whitespace.
re.sub(some_regex, replacement, text) finds all occurrences of the given regular expression, and replaces them with replacement, which in this case is a string of the right number of *.
def censor(text, words):
for i in words:
text = text.replace(i, len(i)*'*')
return text
censor("You bloody idiot", ["bloody", "idiot"])
Output:
'You ****** *****'
If you want to ask for user input on the command line in the function itself
you can use input(). You can also just use input() outside of the function and pass that in.
def censor(text, word):
if word in text:
return text.replace(word, "*" * len(word))
else:
return text
sentence = input("Enter your sentence or enter to quit. ")
while sentence:
censored_sentence = censor(sentence, "bad")
print(censored_sentence)
sentence = input("Enter your sentence or enter to quit. ")
using function
def make_cap(sentence):
return sentence.title()
tryining out
make_cap("hello world")
'Hello World'
# it workd but when I have world like "aren't" and 'isn't". how to write function for that
a = "I haven't worked hard"
make_cap(a)
"This Isn'T A Right Thing" # it's wrong I am aware of \ for isn\'t but confused how to include it in function
This should work:
def make_cap(sentence):
return " ".join(word[0].title() + (word[1:] if len(word) > 1 else "") for word in sentence.split(" "))
It manually splits the word by spaces (and not by any other character), and then capitalizes the first letter of each token. It does this by separating that first letter out, capitalizing it, and then concatenating the rest of the word. I used a ternary if statement to avoid an IndexError if the word is only one letter long.
Use .capwords() from the string library.
import string
def make_cap(sentence):
return string.capwords(sentence)
Demo: https://repl.it/repls/BlankMysteriousMenus
I found this method to be very helpful for formatting all different types of texts as titles.
from string import capwords
text = "I can't go to the USA due to budget concerns"
title = ' '.join([capwords(w) if w.islower() else w for w in text.split()])
print(title) # I Can't Go To The USA Due To Budget Concerns
How can I capitalize the first letter of a input sentence in python?
Output has to be: Enter sentence to be capitalized:+ input sentence
input_string =input("Enter sentence to be capitalized: ")
def capitalize_first(input_string):
output=input_string.split('.')
i=0
while i<len(output)-1:
result=output[i][0].upper()+output[i][1:]+"."
print("Enter sentence to be capitalized:"+result)
How about input_string.title()?
input_string =input("Enter sentence to be capitalized: ")
def capitalize_first(input_string):
result = input_string.title()
print("Enter sentence to be capitalized:"+result)
This built-in method only capitalises the first character and keeps other ones lower, just like how titles work.
As you can see, the extra capitals in THIS IS AN AMAZING are changed.
>>> input_string = "Hello World THIS IS AN AMAZING day!!!"
>>> input_string.title()
>>> 'Hello World This Is An Amazing Day!!!'
In my opinion there are many ways to do so, but title() is the easiest. You can use upper() inside a for loop which iterating the input string, or even capitalize(). If the goal is to capitalise only the first letter of every word. Then you can't use above methods since they capitalise the word in traditional way (first letter is capitalise and others in simple letters regardless what user entered). To avoid that and keep any capitalise letters inside a word as it is, just like user entered.
Then this might be a solution
inputString=input("Your statement enter value or whatever")
seperatedString=inputString.split()
for i in seperatedString:
i[0].upper()
print("Anything you want to say" + i)
sentence="test Sentence"
print(sentence.title()) #makes the first letter of every word in sentence capital
print(sentence[0].upper()+sentence[1:] ) #retains case of other charecters
print(sentence.capitalize()) #makes all other charecters lowercase
Output:
Test Sentence
Test Sentence
Test sentence
Answer your specific question
def modify_string(str1):
sentence_list=str1.split('.')
modify_this=input("Enter sentence to be modified: ")
for idx, item in enumerate(sentence_list):
modify_this_copy=modify_this
if item.lower().strip()==modify_this.lower().strip():
sentence_list[idx]=modify_this_copy[0].upper()+modify_this_copy[1:]
return '. '.join(sentence_list)
string1="hello. Nice to meet you. hello. Howdy."
print(modify_string(string1))
Output
Enter sentence to be modified: hello
Hello. Nice to meet you. Hello. Howdy.
I have recently started to learn python as I wanna enter a deep learning field in future.
As I'm completely new and only started I apologize in advance if my question is silly.
I am currently doing a course on edx by name introduction to python fundamentals and as I final project of module 1 I need to make a program that asks for user input and give an output of all words that starts from h to z.
task
here is my code:
user_input = input("enter a 1 sentence quote, non-alpha separate words: ")
new_name = ""
for letter in user_input:
if letter.isalpha() == True:
new_name += letter.upper()
elif letter.isalpha() == False:
if new_name[0] > "g":
print(new_name)
new_name = ""
else:
new_name = "\n"
print(new_name)
INPUT = Wheresoever you go, go with all your heart
OUTPUT = WHERESOEVERYOUGOGOWITHALLYOURHEART
By my understanding of code I have wrote:
- user enters input
- code check for each character
- if letter is alpha that letter is added into new_name variable
- when encounter first no alpha character in these case space after word Wheresoever code moves to elif since after checking a fist one it was not True and elif turn to mach criteria
- then by using nested if statement it checks if new_name variable[index0] (Wheresoever) is grater then g.
- if it is grater it prints new_name and makes new_name empty and repeat the circle until there is no more characters to check.
- if its not greater then g it starts with new word on the new line
Now as I sad I'm completely new so I have just described my thoughts process of the code and please tell me where am I wrong and how can I corrected and improve my thoughts process and the code mentioned above.
Thank you in advance :)
Try the below, iterate trough the list split of the user_input string, then check if it starts with a G or g, if it does, don't keep it, otherwise keep it, then use regular expressions (re) to get only letters.
Also as you said you need isalpha so then:
user_input = input("enter a 1 sentence quote, non-alpha separate words: ")
print('\n'.join([''.join(x for x in i if x.isalpha()).upper() for i in user_input.split() if not i.lower().startswith('g')]))
Example output:
enter a 1 sentence quote, non-alpha separate words: Wheresoever you go, go with your heart
WHERESOEVER
YOU
WITH
YOUR
HEART
Update form #KillPinguin:
do:
user_input = input("enter a 1 sentence quote, non-alpha separate words: ")
print('\n'.join([''.join(x for x in i if x.isalpha()).upper() for i in user_input.split() if ord(i[0])>ord('g')]))
I'm writing a program that checks if a word or sentence given by user input is a palindrome or not. This is the program so far:
def reverse(text):
a = text[::-1]
if a == text:
print "Yes, it's a palindrome."
else:
print "No, it's not a palindrome."
string = str(raw_input("Enter word here:")).lower()
reverse(string)
However, this code doesn't work for sentences. So I tried to do it like this:
import string
def reverse(text):
a = text[::-1]
if a == text:
print "Yes, it's a palindrome."
else:
print "No, it's not a palindrome."
notstring = str(raw_input("Enter word here:")).lower()
liststring = list(notstring)
forbiddencharacters = string.punctuation + string.whitespace
listcharacters = list(forbiddencharacters)
newlist = liststring - listcharacters
finalstring = "".join(newlist)
reverse(finalstring)
My goal is to put the punctuation and whitespace into a list and then subtracting those characters to the input of the user so that the program can tell if it's a palindrome even if the string has punctuation and/or whitespace. However, I don't know how I can subtract the elements in a list to the elements in another list. The way I did it, by creating another list that equals the user input minus the characters doesn't work (I tried it in my Xubuntu terminal emulator). Apart from that, when I run the program this error appears:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "reverse.py", line 12, in <module>
forbiddencharacters = string.punctuation + string.whitespace
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'punctuation'
Ok so I have changed the variable name and I don't get that mistake above. Now I still don't know how to subtract the elements of the lists.
Since I'm a beginner programmer this might seem stupid to you. If that's the case, I'm sorry in advance. If anyone can solve one or both of the two problems I have, I'd be extremely grateful. Thanks in advance for your help. Sorry for bad english and long post :)
You should add some filtering along the way since palindromes have various syntax tricks (spaces, commas, etc.).
palindrome = "Rail at a liar"
def is_palindrome(text):
text = text.lower() #Avoid case issues
text = ''.join(ch for ch in text if ch.isalnum()) #Strips down everything but alphanumeric characters
return text == text[::-1]
if is_palindrome(palindrome):
print "Yes, it's a palindrome."
else:
print "No, it's not a palindrome."
You are on the right track, but you have used the identifier string for two different purposes.
Since you assigned to this variable name with the line:
string = str(raw_input("Enter word here:")).lower()
You can now no longer access the attributes string.punctuation and string.whitespace from the import string, because the name string is no longer bound to the module but to the user input instead.
A somewhat different approach to testing if a string is a palindrome
def palindrome(s):
s = s.lower()
ln=len(s)
for n in xrange(ln/2):
if s[n] != s[(ln-n)-1]:
return False
return True
print palindrome('Able was I ere I saw Elba')
FYI -- you'll need to tweak this to strip punctuation and white space if you like (left an an exercise to OP)
You can do that by splitting the phrase and storing it in a list. I am going to use your function (but there are more better pythonic ways to do that).
def reverse(textList1):
textList2 = textList1[::-1] #or we can use reversed(textList1)
if textList2 == text:
print "Yes, it's a palindrome."
else:
print "No, it's not a palindrome."
test1= "I am am I"
You should split the phrase and store it in a list:
test1List= test1.split(' ')
reverse(test1List)
Checking for palindrome is simple,
This works for both words and sentences.
import string
def ispalindrome(input_str):
input_str = list(input_str)
forbidden = list(string.punctuation + string.whitespace)
for forbidden_char in forbidden: # Remove all forbidden characters
while forbidden_char in input_str:
input_str.remove(forbidden_char)
return input_str == list(reversed(input_str)) # Checks if it is a palindrome
input_str = raw_input().lower() # Avoid case issues
print ispalindrome(input_str) # Get input