Develop Reference

Can I make a print statement run before a module I imported?

I am a beginner to python and coding in general and I was wondering how I can make a print statement run before a module I imported. I am making a number guessing game and in my main file where I combine all the modules, I have a general function for running all the code together. It would be best if I show my code so you guys will have a better understanding of what I am dealing with:
import random
import lvl1
import time
level1 = lvl1.Level_1_activated()
# This is the main file combining everything together to make this game playable
introduction = """
Hello and welcome to NumGuess by Sava. Here is a little bit about the game:
The game works by having 3 levels, each where you must pick a number between a range of
1-10 (level 1), 1-20 (level 2), and 1-50 (level 3).
You are given 5 attempts in the first level, 10 in the second level, and 20 in the final one.
You can also access a hint by typing ‘hint’. You win the game by picking the right number in each level.
You lose the game when you run out of tries. You can get a free bonus with 5 extra tries if you type ‘hlp’.
"""
def start_game(time, lvl1):
print(introduction)
level1
start_game(time, lvl1)
This is just the code for the main module, I have the code for lvl1 (which is the first level of my 'game'), and I have a class which has all the functions which then take part in the while loop. I will also show that file:
import random
import time
# I will fist make variables for the time breaks. S is for short, M is for medium and L is for long
S = 0.2
M = 0.7
L = 1.1
class Level_1_activated():
def get_name(self):
# This function simply asks the name of the player
name = input("Before we start, what is your name? ")
time.sleep(S)
print("You said your name was: " + name)
def try_again(self):
# This asks the player if they want to try again, and shows the progress of the level
answer = (input("Do you want to try again? "))
time.sleep(M)
if answer == "yes":
print("Alright!, well I am going to guess that you want to play again")
time.sleep(M)
print("You have used up: " + str(tries) + " Of your tries. Remember, when you use 5 tries without getting the correct number, the game ends")
# Return statement for if the player wants to play again
return True
else:
print("Thank you for playing the game, I hope you have better luck next time")
# This is the return statement that stops the while loop
return False
def find_rand_num(self, random):
# This is the core of the level, where the player just chooses numbers between 1 and 10
time.sleep(S)
print("The computer is choosing a random number between 1 and 10... beep beep boop")
time.sleep(L)
# The list of numbers for the level that the player is on at the moment
num_list = [1,10]
number = random.choice(num_list)
ques = (input("guess your number, since this is the first level you need to choose a number between 1 and 10 "))
print(ques)
if ques == str(number):
time.sleep(S)
print("Congratulations! You got the number correct!")
# Yet another return statement for the while loop
return "Found"
elif input != number:
time.sleep(M)
print("Oops, you got the number wrong")
# This variable is fairly self-explanatory; it is what controls how many itterations there are in the while loop
tries = 1
while tries < 6:
if tries < 2:
Level_1_activated().get_name()
res = Level_1_activated().find_rand_num(random)
if res == "Found":
break
checker = Level_1_activated().try_again()
if checker is False:
break
tries += 1
If you go back to this function in the main file:
def start_game(time, lvl1):
print(introduction)
level1
I intentionally put the print statement before the module to make it run first, and I have tried different approaches to this and still can't seem to get a grasp on what I'm doing wrong here. Thank you for taking the time to read the code and I would be very grateful if any of you have a possible solution to this.

there are number of thing you can do, one is encapsulate your code into functions that only run when you ask for it
lvl1
... #all the previous code
def run_game():
tries = 1
while tries < 6:
...
tries += 1
you can also make a distinction between being executed directly vs being imported, to do that is simple, you include the following check (usually at the end of the file)
if __name__ == "__main__":
#if true it mean that you're executing this module directly, otherwise it was imported
#and you include here whatever you want that happens when you execute the module directly but not when is imported, like for example running a game
run_game()
__name__ is a special variable and python will assigned the value "__main__" if executed directly, otherwise it will be the name of the file, like "lvl1" for example
And in your main you can import it and do stuff like
import lvl1
...
def start_game():
print(introduction)
lvl1.run_game()

Lists won't produce result due to it must be a string. 8 Ball Fortune

The problem with my code is that when running it to see if the first word of the question is in the query list. It won't give anything back due to being a int. Can anyone point me towards right direction ?
import random
response = [ 'Yes, of course!',"Without a doubt,yes.",
'For sure!','Ask me later.',
'I am not sure.',
'I will tell you after my nap.',
'No Way!','I do not think so.',
'The answer is clearly NO.']
query = ['Will','Are','Is','Am','Do','Can','May']
# Global lists ^^^
def main(response,query,ran):
# The program that
print('Ask a question that can only be answered in yes or no.')
question = input()
if question(0) in query():
ran(response,query)
res = ran(response,query)
print(res)
again = input('Enter Y or y to play again. Enter N or n to exit.')
if again in ['y','Y']:
main(lists)
else:
print('This program will now close.')
def ran(response,query):
res = random.choice(response)
return res
main(response,query,ran)

The problem lies here question.index(0) in lists. You are comparing apples with pears. index will yield a number and you are comparing it with the actual definition of the lists function. You might want to rethink what you want to compare.
Secondly, you will have extra errors, you are using random.sample in a bad way, you should be doing random.sample(response, 1)[0], I'm presuming you want to pick a random response from that collection.
Thirdly, what is the lists() function supposed to do?

Python user defined list not being recognised within a while true loop

Thanks firstly for bearing with me as a relative newcomer to the world of Python. I'm working on a simple set of code and have been racking my brain to understand where I am going wrong. I suspect it is a relatively simple thing to correct but all searches so far have been fruitless. If this has been covered before then please be gentle, I have looked for a couple of days!
I'm working on the following and after catching and correcting a number of issues I suspect that I'm on the last hurdle:-
def main():
our_list = []
ne = int(input('How many numbers do you wish to enter? '))
for i in range(0, (ne)): # set up loop to run user specified number of time
number=int(input('Choose a number:- '))
our_list.append(number) # append to our_list
print ('The list of numbers you have entered is ')
print (our_list)
main()
while True:
op = input ('For the mean type <1>, for the median type <2>, for the mode type <3>, to enter a new set of numbers type <4> or 5 to exit')
import statistics
if op == "1":
mn = statistics.mean(our_list)
print ("The mean of the values you have entered is:- ",mn)
if op == "2":
me = statistics.median(our_list)
print ("The median of the values you have entered is:- ",me)
if op == "3":
mo = statistics.mode(our_list)
print ("The mode of the values you have entered is:- ",mo)
if op == "5":
main()
else:
print("Goodbye")
break`
For some reason the appended (our_list) is not being recognised within the while true loop rendering the statistics calculation void. Any steer would be really appreciated as to where I am missing the obvious, thanks in advance.
Cheers
Bryan

I'm not sure exactly what you mean by "not being recognized", but our_list is a local variable inside main, so it can't be used anywhere but inside main.
So, if you try to use it elsewhere, you should get a NameError.
If your code actually has a global variable with the same name as the local variable that we aren't seeing here, things can be more confusing—you won't get a NameError, you'll get the value of the global variable, which isn't what you want.
The best solution here is to return the value from the function, and then have the caller use the returned value. For example:
def main():
our_list = []
ne = int(input('How many numbers do you wish to enter? '))
for i in range(0, (ne)): # set up loop to run user specified number of time
number=int(input('Choose a number:- '))
our_list.append(number) # append to our_list
print ('The list of numbers you have entered is ')
print (our_list)
return our_list
the_list = main()
while True:
op = input ('For the mean type <1>, for the median type <2>, for the mode type <3>, to enter a new set of numbers type <4> or 5 to exit')
import statistics
if op == "1":
mn = statistics.mean(the_list)
print ("The mean of the values you have entered is:- ",mn)
if op == "2":
me = statistics.median(the_list)
print ("The median of the values you have entered is:- ",me)
if op == "3":
mo = statistics.mode(the_list)
print ("The mode of the values you have entered is:- ",mo)
if op == "5":
the_list = main()
else:
print("Goodbye")
break
There are other options—you could pass in an empty list for main to fill, or use a global variable (or, better, a more restricted equivalent like an attribute on a class instance or a closure variable), or refactor your code so everyone who needs to access our_list is inside the same function… but I think this is the cleanest way to do what you're trying to do here.
By the way, this isn't quite the last hurdle—but you're very close:
After any mean, median, or mode, it's going to hit the "Goodbye" and exit instead of going back through the loop. Do you know about elif?
You mixed up '5' and '4' in the menu.
If the user enters 2 and 3 and asks for the mode, your code will dump a ValueError traceback to the screen; probably not what you want. Do you know try/except?
That's all I noticed, and they're all pretty simple things to add, so congrats in advance.

The issue is that our_list was defined in the main() function, and is not visible outside of the main() function scope.
Since you're doing everything in one chunk, you could remove line 1 and 6, taking the code from your main() function and putting it on the same indentation level as the code which follows.

This seems to be because you defined our_list within the main() function. You should probably define it as a global variable by creating it outside the main() function.
You could also put the while loop inside a function and pass in our_list as a parameter to the list.

Ask user for an integer input, but also check if their input is a certain string

Hi, my situation is hard to explain, so I might as well explain it in depth.
I am trying to create a program where users can enter (Cartesian) coordinates of the points of a shape. Then, the program uses a vector (entered by the user) to translate the shape using its coordinates. Hopefully you understand what I'm saying. If you don't know the process/rule for translating shapes using their coordinates, you probably can't help me much because it will help if you understand what I'm trying to do.
The process starts like this:
I ask the user how many points make up their shape (what type of polygon they are translating).
Then I ask them to enter the x,y coordinates for each point. Here's the beginning code and the code for one point-saving procedure:
print('View saved points with "points".')
print()
print("Number of points:")
inputX = int(input())
if inputX < 3:
print("Invalid.")
if inputX > 5:
print("Invalid.")
print("Input points: x,y")
inputZero = input()
split = inputZero.split(",")
xZero,yZero = split[0],split[1]
print("("+xZero+","+yZero+") saved. Input another point.")
Now, for each point-saving section, I want the user to also, instead of entering a point's coordinates, be able to input a string like "points" and it will print all of the points saved. The problem is, I don't know how I can have integers act as coordinates for the points and have a string like "points" act like a string I can use an if statement like this (inputZero is the input for point coordinates in one of those point-saving sections):
if inputZero == "points":
print("#All of the points previously entered")
Every response is appreciated,
Thanks

All that you need is a simple if/else block, and maybe a try to make sure you get valid numbers.
...
points = []
while True:
print("Input points: x,y")
inputZero = input()
if inputZero == "points":
print(previousPoints)
else:
try:
split = inputZero.split(",")
xZero,yZero = int(split[0]),int(split[1])
print("({0}, {1}) saved. Input another point.".format(xZero, yZero))
points.append((xZero, yZero))
except ValueError or IndexError:
print("Invalid input!")

Not sure if I understood properly. Is this what you want?
import sys
points = []
while True:
print("Input points: x,y")
inputZero = raw_input()
if inputZero == 'points':
print "Entered points: %s" % points
elif inputZero == 'quit':
print "Bye!"
sys.exit(0)
else:
split = inputZero.split(",")
xZero,yZero = int(split[0]),int(split[1])
points.append((xZero, yZero))
print("(%s, %s) saved. Input another point." % (xZero, yZero))
Type quit to finish. Also, note I'm using raw_input instead of input to avoid eval the input (see this question and its answers)

(Python) For loop syntax - execute for only one item?

Pretty new to python/programming in general, this is my biggest project yet.
I am writing a program that will do SUVAT equations for you. (SUVAT equations are used to find the displacement, start/end velocity, acceleration and time travelled by an object with constant velocity, you may call them something different.)
I made this list:
variables = ["Displacement", "Start Velocity", "End Velocity", "Acceleration", "Time"]
which is used in the following while/for loop:
a = 0
while a==0:
for variable in variables:
# choice1 is what the user is looking to calculate
choice1 = raw_input("Welcome to Mattin's SVUVAT Simulator! Choose the value you are trying to find. You can pick from " + str(variables))
# will execute the following code when the for loop reaches an item that matches the raw_input
if choice1 == variable:
print "You chave chosen", choice1
variables.remove(variable) #Removes the chosen variable from the list, so the new list can be used later on
a = 1 # Ends the for loop by making the while loop false
# This part is so that the error message will not show when the raw_input does not match with the 4 items in the list the user has not chosen
else:
if choice1 == "Displacement":
pass
elif choice1 == "Start Velocity":
pass
elif choice1 == "End Velocity":
pass
elif choice1 == "Acceleration":
pass
# This error message will show if the input did not match any item in the list
else:
print "Sorry, I didn't understand that, try again. Make sure your spelling is correct (Case Sensitive), and that you did not inlcude the quotation marks."
Hopefully the comments I have written in the code should explain my intentions, if not, feel free to ask anything.
The problem is that when I run the code, and input choice1, the for loop activates the last line of code:
else:
print "Sorry, I didn't understand that, try again. Make sure your spelling is correct (Case Sensitive), and that you did not inlcude the quotation marks."
and then prompts me to enter the input again, and will do this as many times as it needs to get to the item on the list that I am typing.
However, I specifically coded that if what I input does not match the item on the list the for loop is currently checking, but does match one of the other items on the list, then it should pass and loop round to checking the next item.
I am probably doing something stupid, but I don't see it, so please help me figure out what I have to do to get my desired result? I assumed it was the syntax I had wrong so that is why that is the title.
Thanks for any help, I appreciate it.

Besides the problem with the indentation in your pasted code, I would rewrite it as such:
while True:
choice = raw_input('...')
if choice in variables:
print "You chave chosen", choice
# Remove the chosen member from the list
variables = [v for v in variables if v != choice]
# Break out of loop
break
# Print error messages etc.
Also remember that string comparisons are case sensitive. I.e 'Displacement' != 'displacement'.