So the idea is making an encoder i mean when user write for example "a" in label called text the programme paste result for ex "}" and so on.
The question is do i have to write "if" for every letter in alphabet and every place in the label text i mean if user_code[0]
if user_code[1]
and so on
import tkinter as tk
#making main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Szyfrator")
root.geometry("600x300")
#getting text
def getting_Text():
user_code = text.get("1.0",'end-1c')
if user_code[0] == 'a' :
result.insert(tk.END, '[', 'big')
if user_code[0] == 'b':
result.insert(tk.END, ';', 'big')
#UX of the window
right_margin = tk.Frame(root)
right_margin.pack (side=tk.RIGHT, expand =tk.YES , fill=tk.BOTH)
left_margin = tk.Frame(root)
left_margin.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=tk.YES, fill=tk.BOTH)
#after clicking button function getting_text() is used
button = tk.Button( root , text = "Szyfruj", activebackground = "#FFFFFF", command=getting_Text)
button.pack( side = tk.TOP )
text=tk.Text(root, width=36, height=15 )
text.pack(side= tk.LEFT)
result= tk.Text(root, width=36, height=15 )
result.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
# ):
root.mainloop()
No, you can use a for-loop to iterate over the letters of user_code, and create a dictionary to map a letter to another.
encoded = {
"a": "[",
"b": ";"
}
def getting_Text():
user_code = text.get("1.0", 'end-1c')
for letter in user_code:
try:
result.insert(tk.END, encoded[letter], 'big')
except KeyError: # if we don't have an encoding for a letter, a KeyError will be raised which we capture
print("Oops, no encoding found for letter %s" % letter)
And if you have many different letter encodings and don't want to type in so much commas, quotes, colons, you can even create the dictionary like this:
letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" # letters and encodings must have the same amount of symbols, else it may give you an IndexError: index out of range
encodings = "[;]:_-#'+*´`?=)(/&%$§!°^<>"
encoded = {key: value for key, value in zip(list(letters), list(encodings))}
Related
I have the following bits of code that creates a toplevel window and parses a dictionary into a Text widget:
def escrito(**kwargs):
write_window = Toplevel(root)
#write_window.title(kwargs) (problematic code)
writing_box = tk.Text(write_window, font = ("calibri", 20), width = 60, height = 15, wrap=WORD)
writing_box.pack(expand = tk.YES, fill = tk.X)
writing_box.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = 'nswe')
texto = '\n'.join(key + ":\n" + value for key, value in kwargs.items())
writing_box.insert("1.0", texto)
def septic_osteo():
escrito(**infections.Septic_arthritis)
Septic_arthritis = {
'Empirical Treatment':
'Flucloxacillin 2g IV 6-hourly',
'If non-severe penicillin allergy':
'Ceftriaxone IV 2g ONCE daily',
'If severe penicillin allergy OR if known to be colonised with
MRSA':
'Vancomycin infusion IV, Refer to Vancomycin Prescribing
Policy',
'If systemic signs of sepsis': 'Discuss with Consultant
Microbiologist'
}
So when I run the code, the escrito functions parses the dictionary and writes its content onto a text widget contained on a Toplevel window. What I would like to know is how to dynamically rename the Toplevel window with the dicitonary's name. I do know that I can do this:
def septic_osteo():
escrito(**infections.Septic_arthritis)
write_window.title('Septic_arthritis)
but I do have like 100 functions like the one above, so, aside from labour intensive, I am not sure is the more pythonic way, so, is there a way that the window can be renamed with the dictionary name? (i.e. 'Septic_arthritis)
Thanks
If your data is in an object named infections, with attributes such as Septic_arthritis, the most straight-forward solution is to pass the data and the attribute as separate arguments, and then use getattr to get the data for the particular infection.
It would look something like this:
def escrito(data, infection):
write_window = Toplevel(root)
write_window.title(infection)
writing_box = tk.Text(write_window, font = ("calibri", 20), width = 60, height = 15, wrap="word")
writing_box.pack(expand = tk.YES, fill = tk.X)
writing_box.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = 'nswe')
texto = '\n'.join(key + ":\n" + value for key, value in getattr(data, infection).items())
writing_box.insert("1.0", texto)
The important bit about the above code is that it uses getattr(data, infection) to get the data for the given infection.
If you want to create a button to call this function, it might look something like this:
button = tk.Button(..., command=lambda: escrito(infections, "Septic_arthritis"))
This will call the command escrito with two arguments: the object that contains all of the infections, and the key to the specific piece of information you want to display.
I have been working on a Tkinter project. I have set the listbox as StringVar and I would like to call a list of items inside the right listbox by setting a function 'process'.
enter image description here
After I press the button process in the gui, I am supposed to return a list ['A'] in the above case.
However, it return ['(', "'", 'A', "'", ')']
If I just print app.list_var2.get() it return ('A',)
import tkinter as tk
import pandas as pd
app=tk.Tk()
app.geometry('640x480')
app.resizable(width=True, height=True)
app.title('Simulator')
# list variables
app.list_var1 = tk.StringVar()
app.list_var2 = tk.StringVar()
app.list_var1.set(value=['A','B','C'])
app.list_var2.set(value=[])
# label frame
app.label_frame= tk.Frame(app)
app.label1 = tk.Label(app.label_frame,text='PDC',justify='left')
app.label1.pack(ipadx=10,ipady=10,side='left', anchor='w')
app.label2 = tk.Label(app.label_frame,text='SDC')
app.label2.pack(ipadx=20,ipady=10, side='left',anchor='e')
# main frame
app.main_frame = tk.Frame(app)
app.listbox1 = tk.Listbox(app.main_frame, listvariable=app.list_var1, selectmode='single')
app.listbox2 = tk.Listbox(app.main_frame, listvariable=app.list_var2, selectmode='single')
def init_default_values():
app.list_var1.set(value=['A','B','C'])
app.list_var2.set(value=[])
def move_to_right(only_one_item=False):
if app.listbox1.curselection() == ():
return
# get tuple of selected indices
if only_one_item:
selection = (app.listbox1.curselection()[0],)
else:
selection = app.listbox1.curselection()
# left all/selected values
left_value_list = [line.strip(' \'') for line in app.list_var1.get()[1:-1].split(',')]
left_selected_list = [left_value_list[index] for index in selection]
# values from right side
right_value_list = [line.strip(' \'') for line in app.list_var2.get()[1:-1].split(',')]
# merge w/o duplicates
result_list = sorted(list(set(right_value_list + left_selected_list)))
for x in left_value_list:
if x in result_list:
left_value_list.remove(x)
while("" in left_value_list) :
left_value_list.remove("")
while("" in result_list) :
result_list.remove("")
app.list_var2.set(value=result_list)
app.list_var1.set(value=left_value_list)
def move_to_left(only_one_item=False):
if app.listbox2.curselection() == ():
return
# get tuple of selected indices
if only_one_item:
selection = (app.listbox2.curselection()[0],)
else:
selection = app.listbox2.curselection()
# right all/selected values
right_value_list = [line.strip(' \'') for line in app.list_var2.get()[1:-1].split(',')]
right_selected_list = [right_value_list[index] for index in selection]
# values from left side
left_value_list = [line.strip(' \'') for line in app.list_var1.get()[1:-1].split(',')]
# merge w/o duplicates
result_list = sorted(list(set(left_value_list + right_selected_list)))
for x in right_value_list:
if x in result_list:
right_value_list.remove(x)
while("" in right_value_list) :
right_value_list.remove("")
while("" in result_list) :
result_list.remove("")
app.list_var1.set(value=result_list)
app.list_var2.set(value=right_value_list)
def reset():
init_default_values()
def process():
#if len(app.list_var2.get()) == 1:
lst=app.list_var2.get()
print(len(lst))
lst = str(app.list_var2.get()).replace(',','')
lst=list(lst)
print(type(lst))
print(len(lst))
print(lst)
# little button frame
app.button_frame = tk.Frame(app.main_frame)
app.one_to_right_button = tk.Button(app.button_frame, text='>', command=lambda: move_to_right(True))
app.one_to_left_button = tk.Button(app.button_frame, text='<', command=lambda: move_to_left(True))
app.reset_button = tk.Button(app.button_frame,text='Reset',command=reset)
app.process = tk.Button(app.button_frame,text='Process',command=process)
# packing
app.one_to_right_button.pack()
app.one_to_left_button.pack()
app.reset_button.pack()
app.process.pack()
app.listbox1.pack(side='left', anchor='w')
app.button_frame.pack(side='left')
app.listbox2.pack(side='right', anchor='e')
app.label_frame.pack()
app.main_frame.pack(padx=20,pady=20)
# insert default values
init_default_values()
app.mainloop()
Since app.list_var2 is a StringVar, so app.list_var2.get() will always return a string.
Better use app.listbox2.get(0, "end") to get all the items (a tuple) in the listbox:
def process():
lst = list(app.listbox2.get(0, 'end'))
print(lst, type(lst))
Note that you can use eval() to convert the string returned by app.list_var2.get() to tuple but it is not recommended:
def process():
lst = list(eval(app.list_var2.get()))
print(lst, type(lst))
I'm creating a GUI with tkinter, in this GUI there are some entry widgets that the user has to fill in, and the inputs will be stored in a file.
The issue that I'm facing is that the user can't insert special characters like emojis in these entry widgets.
I found some ways to display them...:
converting a special character to the equivalent surrogate pair:
this '\U0001f64f'(🙏) to this '\ud83d\ude4f'
Python: Find equivalent surrogate pair from non-BMP unicode char
converting a special character to the equivalen javascript format:
this 😊 to this '\uD83D\uDE05'
Displaying emojis/symbols in Python using tkinter lib
... but I didn't find anything about my problem.
I thought about solving it by displaying near the entries a table with the emojis and the relative code to insert it in the entry instead of inserting the emoji directly, so something like this...:
1:🙏 2:😊 3:🔥 4:😃
...and have the user insert 1, 2, 3 or 4 instead of the emoji, but I don't think that this is a good way to solve the problem.
From my research, I understood that the problem is in the tkinter module and I was wondering if there was a way to overcome it.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *
def sumbit():
print(var.get())
root = Tk()
root.tk.call('encoding', 'system', 'utf-8')
var = StringVar()
entry = Entry(root, textvariable=var)
entry.pack()
button = Button(root, text="sumbit", command=sumbit)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()
This is an example of the problem, I have a window with an Entry widget where the user can insert an emoji, but if the user inserts an emoji, the code raises the following error:
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files\Python37-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1705, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:/Users/mcara/PycharmProjects/1/python/1.py", line 5, in sumbit
print(var.get())
File "C:\Program Files\Python37-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 484, in get
value = self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xed in position 0: invalid continuation byte
I'm working with Windows and Pyton 3.7
I have worked around this problem as this for now:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.font as tkFont
# Dict with all the emojis
# it is made in this format --> EMOJI_NAME: EMOJI_SURROGATE_PAIR
emoji_dict = {
"GRINNING_FACE": '\ud83d\ude00',
"GRINNING_FACE_WITH_BIG_EYES": '\ud83d\ude03',
"GRINNING_FACE_WITH_SMILING_EYES": '\ud83d\ude04',
"BEAMING_FACE_WITH_SMILING_EYES": '\ud83d\ude01',
"GRINNING_SQUINTING_FACE": '\ud83d\ude06',
"GRINNING_FACE_WITH_SWEAT": '\ud83d\ude05',
"LAUGHING_ON_THE_FLOOR": '\ud83e\udd23',
"TEARS_OF_JOY": '\ud83d\ude02',
"SMILING_FACE_SLIGHTLY": '\ud83d\ude42',
"UPSIDE-DOWN_FACE": '\ud83d\ude43',
"WINKING_FACE": '\ud83d\ude09',
}
emoji_num_name = dict()
emoji_name_num = dict()
counter = 0
for key in emoji_dict:
emoji_num_name[counter] = key
emoji_name_num[key] = counter
counter += 1
def search(text):
for widget in emoji_frame.winfo_children():
if isinstance(widget, Button):
widget.destroy()
emoji_name_list = list(emoji_dict.keys())
emoji_name_list.sort()
if text == "" or text == " ":
creates_emojis()
else:
x = 10
y = 0
for emoji_name in emoji_name_list:
if emoji_name.startswith(text):
emoji_code = emoji_dict[emoji_name]
code_ = emoji_name_num[emoji_name]
emoji_button = Button(emoji_frame, text=emoji_code, borderwidth=0, font=customFont)
emoji_button.place(x=x, y=y)
emoji_button.bind("<Button-1>", lambda event, code=code_, var=sumbit_var: insert_emoji(var, ":-" + str(code) + "-:"))
if x <= 150:
x += 30
else:
x = 10
y += 30
emoji_frame.configure(widt=200, height=y+60)
def insert_emoji(var, code):
var.set(var.get() + code)
def creates_emojis():
x = 10
y = 0
for emoji_name in emoji_dict:
emoji_code = emoji_dict[emoji_name]
code_ = emoji_name_num[emoji_name]
emoji_button = Button(emoji_frame, text=emoji_code, borderwidth=0, font=customFont)
emoji_button.place(x=x, y=y)
emoji_button.bind("<Button-1>", lambda event, code=code_, var=sumbit_var: insert_emoji(var, ":-" + str(code) + "-:"))
if x <= 150:
x += 30
else:
x = 10
y += 30
emoji_frame.configure(widt=200, height=y+60)
def sumbit(text):
text = text.split(":-")
for index in range(len(text)):
word = text[index]
word = word.split("-:")
for index_ in range(len(word)):
little_word = word[index_]
if little_word.isdigit():
emoji_name = emoji_num_name[int(little_word)]
emoji = emoji_dict[emoji_name]
word[index_] = emoji
text[index] = "".join(word)
text = "".join(text)
text = text.encode('utf-16', 'surrogatepass').decode('utf-16')
print(text)
root = Tk()
root.tk.call('encoding', 'system', 'utf-8')
root.configure(width=500, height=500)
font = "Courier"
customFont = tkFont.Font(family=font, size=14)
emoji_frame = LabelFrame(text="emojis")
emoji_frame.place(x=10, y=60)
search_var = StringVar()
search_entry = Entry(root, textvariable=search_var)
search_entry.place(x=10, y=10)
search_button = Button(root, text="search", command=lambda: search(search_var.get().upper()))
search_button.place(x=10, y=30)
displat_all_button = Button(root, text="display all", command=lambda: creates_emojis())
displat_all_button.place(x=60, y=30)
sumbit_var = StringVar()
sumbit_entry = Entry(root, textvariable=sumbit_var)
sumbit_entry.place(x=200, y=10)
sumbit_button = Button(root, text="sumbit", command=lambda: sumbit(sumbit_var.get()))
sumbit_button.place(x=200, y=30)
creates_emojis()
root.mainloop()
This is a runnable example of what i made, I've created a kind of table where you can insert as many emojis as you want (by editing the emoji_dict and inserting the emoji that you want) and return an output in utf-8.
For find the emoji surrogate pair i've used the code
import re
_nonbmp = re.compile(r'[\U00010000-\U0010FFFF]')
def _surrogatepair(match):
char = match.group()
assert ord(char) > 0xffff
encoded = char.encode('utf-16-le')
return (
chr(int.from_bytes(encoded[:2], 'little')) +
chr(int.from_bytes(encoded[2:], 'little')))
def with_surrogates(text):
return _nonbmp.sub(_surrogatepair, text)
emoji_dict = {
"Grinning_Face": u'\ud83d\ude00',
"Grinning_Face_With_Big_Eyes": u'\ud83d\ude03',
"Grinning_Face_With_Smiling_Eyes": u'\ud83d\ude04',
"Beaming_Face_With_Smiling_Eyes": u'\ud83d\ude01',
"Grinning_Squinting_Face": u'\ud83d\ude06',
"Grinning_Face_With_Sweat": u'\ud83d\ude05',
"Laughing_on_the_Floor": u'\ud83e\udd23',
"Tears_of_Joy": u'\ud83d\ude02',
"Smiling_Face_Slightly": u'\ud83d\ude42',
"Upside-Down_Face": u'\ud83d\ude43',
"Winking_Face": u'\ud83d\ude09',
}
emoji_list =[ "😀", "😃", "😄", "😁", "😆", "😅", "🤣", "😂", "🙂", "🙃", "😉", ]
for emoji in emoji_list:
print(repr(_nonbmp.sub(_surrogatepair, emoji)))
you can found it at this question
Python: Find equivalent surrogate pair from non-BMP unicode char
I'm making a small GUI application that deals with grades and whatnot and outputs the highest grades and etc.
Here's a part of the code:
root = Tk()
gradeList = []
def addGradeObject(name, percentage):
gradeList.append(Grade(name, percentage))
updateOutput()
print(gradeList)
def undoAdd():
try:
gradeList.pop(len(gradeList) - 1)
updateOutput()
print(gradeList)
except Exception:
pass
def updateOutput():
highestGrade.setText(highest_grade(gradeList))
lowestGrade.setText(lowest_grade(gradeList))
numFailed.setText(num_failed(gradeList))
addButton = Button(text = "Add Grade", command = lambda: addGradeObject (entryA.get(), entryB.get())).grid(row = 1, column = 4)
undoButton = Button(text = "Undo", command = undoAdd).grid(row = 2, column = 4)
entryA = Entry()
entryA.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
entryB = Entry()
entryB.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
highestGrade = Entry()
highestGrade.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
lowestGrade = Entry()
lowestGrade.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
numFailed = Entry()
numFailed.grid(row = 4, column = 1)
root.title("Grade Checker")
root.mainloop()
The problem is I'm getting this error:
AttributeError: 'Entry' object has no attribute 'setText'
I don't understand. When you create an Entry box, doesn't the object of class "Entry" have an attribute/method that allows you to set text to it? I really don't know why it's not working
Entry methods can be found here. As far as I can tell, there is no setText method. There is however an insert method that you could use to set the text (though you might wand to delete the current text first).
def set_text(entry, text):
entry.delete(0, tkinter.END)
entry.insert(0 text)
Alternatively, you can hook the entry up to a StringVar and use it's .set() and .get() methods. e.g. (from the linked docs above):
v = StringVar()
e = Entry(master, textvariable=v)
e.pack()
v.set("a default value")
s = v.get()
Need help with this error.
my code:
from tkinter import *
def shouldIEat():
if calories.get() < 1523 :
answer.set("Eat food as soon as possible")
elif calories.get() > 1828 :
answer.set("Stop eating")
else:
answer.set("You can eat something, but don't go over 1828")
window = Tk()
answer = StringVar()
calories = IntVar()
calories.set(0)
caloriesLabel = Label(window, text = "How many calories have you consumed?")
caloriesLabel.grid( row = 1)
calories = Entry(width = 10)
calories.grid (row = 1, column = 1)
eatButton = Button(window, text = "Should I eat?" , command=shouldIEat).grid( row = 2 , column = 1)
quitButton = Button(window, text = "Quit" , command=window.quit).grid( row = 2 , column = 2)
window.mainloop()
My error:
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python34\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1487, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "D:/My Documents/School/Scripting Lang/Project", line 8, in shouldIEat
if calories.get() < 1523 :
TypeError: unorderable types: str() < int()
Your code sets up calories as a Tkinter IntVar, but then it clobbers it by creating an Entry with the same name. You need to give the Entry a different name, and then attach the calories IntVar using the textvariable argument in the Entry constructor.
Also, you never created a widget to display the answer.
from tkinter import *
def shouldIEat():
if calories.get() < 1523 :
answer.set("Eat food as soon as possible")
elif calories.get() > 1828 :
answer.set("Stop eating")
else:
answer.set("You can eat something, but don't go over 1828")
window = Tk()
answer = StringVar()
calories = IntVar()
calories.set(0)
#answer.set('')
caloriesLabel = Label(window, text = "How many calories have you consumed?")
caloriesLabel.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
caloriesEntry = Entry(width = 10, textvariable=calories)
caloriesEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
Button(window, text = "Should I eat?", command=shouldIEat).grid(row = 2, column = 1)
Button(window, text = "Quit" , command=window.quit).grid(row = 2, column = 2)
answerLabel = Label(window, textvariable=answer)
answerLabel.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
window.mainloop()
We don't really need to initialise answer, but it is neater to do so. And you could use it to display some simple instructions, if you want.
There's another minor problem with your code that I should mention.
eatButton = Button(window, text = "Should I eat?" , command=shouldIEat).grid( row = 2 , column = 1)
This creates a Button object and then calls its .grid() method. That's fine, but the .grid() method returns None, it does not return the Button object, so saving that return value to eatButton is pointless. You don't need to keep a reference to that button for this program, which is why I changed it to
Button(window, text = "Should I eat?", command=shouldIEat).grid(row = 2, column = 1)
in my version. But when you do need to keep a reference to the widget you should construct it on one line and then apply the .grid() (or .pack()) method on a separate line, like you did with caloriesLabel.
BTW, in Python, names of the form calories_label are preferred over caloriesLabel. See PEP-008 for further details.
As you can see in the TypeError, you are comparing a string with an integer.
Cast your string to an integer before doing your comparison.