I want to use debian:bullseye as a base image and then install a specific Python version - i.e. 3.11.1. At the moment I am just learning docker and linux.
From what I understand I can either:
Download and compile sources
Install binaries (using apt-get)
Use a Python base image
I have come across countless questions on here and articles online. Do I use deadsnakes? What version do I need? Are there any official python distributions (who is deadsnakes anyway)?
But ultimately I want to know the best means of getting Python on there. I don't want to use a Python base image - I am curious in the steps involved. Compile sources - I am far from having that level of knowhow - and one for another day.
Currently I am rolling with the following:
FROM debian:bullseye
RUN apt update && apt upgrade -y
RUN apt install software-properties-common -y
RUN add-apt-repository "ppa:deadsnakes/ppa"
RUN apt install python3.11
This fails with:
#8 1.546 E: Unable to locate package python3.11
#8 1.546 E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python3.11'
Ultimately - it's not the error - its just finding a good way of getting a specific Python version on my container.
In case you want to install Python 3.11 in debian bullseye you have to compile it from source following the next steps (inside the Dockerfile):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common wget
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.1/Python-3.11.1.tar.xz
sudo tar -xf Python-3.11.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.11.1
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
sudo make altinstall
Another option (easiest) would be to use the official Python Docker image, in your case:
FROM 3.11-bullseye
You have all the versions available in docker hub.
Other option that could be interesting in your case is 3.11-slim-bullseye, that is an image that does not contain the common packages contained in the default tag and only contains the minimal packages needed to run python.
Based on #tomasborella answer, to do this in docker:
Dockerfile
FROM debian:bullseye
RUN apt-get update -y \
&& apt-get upgrade -y \
&& apt-get -y install build-essential \
zlib1g-dev \
libncurses5-dev \
libgdbm-dev \
libnss3-dev \
libssl-dev \
libreadline-dev \
libffi-dev \
libsqlite3-dev \
libbz2-dev \
wget \
&& export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
&& apt-get purge -y imagemagick imagemagick-6-common
RUN cd /usr/src \
&& wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/Python-3.11.0.tgz \
&& tar -xzf Python-3.11.0.tgz \
&& cd Python-3.11.0 \
&& ./configure --enable-optimizations \
&& make altinstall
RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.11 1
update-alternatives - will update the links to allow you to run python as opposed to specifying python3.11 when you want to run it.
It takes a while to compile those sources!
I need both java and python in my docker container to run some code.
This is my dockerfile:
It works perpectly if I don't add the FROM openjdk:slim
#get python
FROM python:3.6-slim
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
#get openjdk
FROM openjdk:slim
COPY . /targetdir
WORKDIR /targetdir
# Make port 81 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 81
CMD ["python", "test.py"]
And the test.py app is in the same directory:
from flask import Flask
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.route("/")
def hello():
html = "<h3>Test:{test}</h3>"
test = os.environ['JAVA_HOME']
return html.format(test = test)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True,host='0.0.0.0',port=81)
I'm getting this error:
D:\MyApps\Docker Toolbox\Docker Toolbox\docker.exe: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:348: starting container process caused "exec: \"python\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
What exactly am I doing wrong here? I'm new to docker, perhaps I'm missing a step.
Additional details
My goal
I have to run a python program that runs a Java file. The python library I'm using requires the path to JAVA_HOME.
My issues:
I do not know Java, so I cannot run the file properly.
My entire code is in Python, except this Java bit
The Python wrapper runs the file in a way I need it to run.
An easier solution to the above issue is to use multi-stage docker containers where you can copy the content from one to another. In the above case you can have openjdk:slim as the base container and then use content from a python container to be copied over into this base container as follows:
FROM openjdk:slim
COPY --from=python:3.6 / /
...
<normal instructions for python container continues>
...
This feature is available as of Docker 17.05 and there are more things you can do using multi-stage build as in copying only the content you need from one to another.
Reference documentation
OK it took me a little while to figure it out. And my thanks go to this answer.
I think my approach didn't work because I did not have a basic version of Linux.
So it goes like this:
Get Linux (I'm using Alpine because it's barebones)
Get Java via the package manager
Get Python, PIP
OPTIONAL: find and set JAVA_HOME
Find the path to JAVA_HOME. Perhaps there is a better way to do this, but I did this running the running the container, then I looked inside the container using docker exec -it [COINTAINER ID] bin/bash and found it.
Set JAVA_HOME in dockerfile and build + run it all again
Here is the final Dockerfile ( it should work with the python code in the question) :
### 1. Get Linux
FROM alpine:3.7
### 2. Get Java via the package manager
RUN apk update \
&& apk upgrade \
&& apk add --no-cache bash \
&& apk add --no-cache --virtual=build-dependencies unzip \
&& apk add --no-cache curl \
&& apk add --no-cache openjdk8-jre
### 3. Get Python, PIP
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 \
&& python3 -m ensurepip \
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools \
&& rm -r /usr/lib/python*/ensurepip && \
if [ ! -e /usr/bin/pip ]; then ln -s pip3 /usr/bin/pip ; fi && \
if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python; fi && \
rm -r /root/.cache
### Get Flask for the app
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
####
#### OPTIONAL : 4. SET JAVA_HOME environment variable, uncomment the line below if you need it
#ENV JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8-openjdk"
####
EXPOSE 81
ADD test.py /
CMD ["python", "test.py"]
I'm new to Docker, so this may not be the best possible solution. I'm open to suggestions.
UPDATE: COMMON ISUUES
Difficulty using python packages
As Joabe Lucena pointed out here, Alpine can have issues certain python packages.
I recommend that you use a Linux distro that works best for you, e.g. centos.
Another alternative is to simply use docker-java-python image from docker hub. https://hub.docker.com/r/rappdw/docker-java-python
FROM rappdw/docker-java-python:openjdk1.8.0_171-python3.6.6
RUN java -version
RUN python --version
I found Sunny Pal's answer very useful but I made the copy more specific and added the necessary environment variables and update-alternatives lines so that Java was accessible from the command line in the Python container.
FROM python:3.9-slim
COPY --from=openjdk:8-jre-slim /usr/local/openjdk-8 /usr/local/openjdk-8
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/openjdk-8
RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/local/openjdk-8/bin/java 1
...
Oh, let me add my five cents. I took python slim as a base image. Then I found open-jdk-11 (Note, open-jdk-10 will fail because it is not supported) base image code!... And copy-pasted it into my docker file.
Note, copy-paste driven development is cool... ONLY when you understand each line you use in your code!!!
And here it is!
<!-- language: shell -->
FROM python:3.7.2-slim
# Do your stuff, install python.
# and now Jdk
RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends curl ca-certificates \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV JAVA_VERSION jdk-11.0.2+7
COPY slim-java* /usr/local/bin/
RUN set -eux; \
ARCH="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"; \
case "${ARCH}" in \
ppc64el|ppc64le) \
ESUM='c18364a778b1b990e8e62d094377af48b000f9f6a64ec21baff6a032af06386d'; \
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.1%2B13/OpenJDK11U-jdk_ppc64le_linux_hotspot_11.0.1_13.tar.gz'; \
;; \
s390x) \
ESUM='e39aacc270731dadcdc000aaaf709adae7a08113ccf5b4a045bc87fc13458d71'; \
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11%2B28/OpenJDK11-jdk_s390x_linux_hotspot_11_28.tar.gz'; \
;; \
amd64|x86_64) \
ESUM='d89304a971e5186e80b6a48a9415e49583b7a5a9315ba5552d373be7782fc528'; \
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.2%2B7/OpenJDK11U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_11.0.2_7.tar.gz'; \
;; \
aarch64|arm64) \
ESUM='b66121b9a0c2e7176373e670a499b9d55344bcb326f67140ad6d0dc24d13d3e2'; \
BINARY_URL='https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.1%2B13/OpenJDK11U-jdk_aarch64_linux_hotspot_11.0.1_13.tar.gz'; \
;; \
*) \
echo "Unsupported arch: ${ARCH}"; \
exit 1; \
;; \
esac; \
curl -Lso /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz ${BINARY_URL}; \
sha256sum /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz; \
mkdir -p /opt/java/openjdk; \
cd /opt/java/openjdk; \
echo "${ESUM} /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c -; \
tar -xf /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz; \
jdir=$(dirname $(dirname $(find /opt/java/openjdk -name javac))); \
mv ${jdir}/* /opt/java/openjdk; \
export PATH="/opt/java/openjdk/bin:$PATH"; \
apt-get update; apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends binutils; \
/usr/local/bin/slim-java.sh /opt/java/openjdk; \
apt-get remove -y binutils; \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
rm -rf ${jdir} /tmp/openjdk.tar.gz;
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk \
PATH="/opt/java/openjdk/bin:$PATH"
ENV JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-XX:+UseContainerSupport"
Now references.
https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-docker/blob/master/11/jdk/ubuntu/Dockerfile.hotspot.releases.slim
https://hub.docker.com/_/python/
https://hub.docker.com/r/adoptopenjdk/openjdk11/
I used them to answer this question, which may help you sometime.
Running Python and Java in Docker
I believe that by adding FROM openjdk:slim line, you tell docker to execute all of your subsequent commands in openjdk container (which does not have python)
I would approach this by creating two separate containers for openjdk and python and specify individual sets of commands for them.
Docker is made to modularize your solutions and mashing everything into one container is usually a bad practice.
I tried pajamas's anwser which worked very well for creating this image. However, when trying to install packages like gensim, pandas or else, I faced some errors like: don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'. I searched and tried this, this and that but none worked for me.
So, based on pajamas's anwser I decided to convert his image from Alpine to Centos which worked very well. So here's a Dockerfile that might help someone who's may be struggling in this scenario like I was:
# Get Linux
FROM centos:7
# Install Java
RUN yum update -y \
&& yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y \
&& yum clean all \
&& rm -rf /var/cache/yum
# Set JAVA_HOME environment var
ENV JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk"
# Install Python
RUN yum install python3 -y \
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
&& if [ ! -e /usr/bin/pip ]; then ln -s pip3 /usr/bin/pip ; fi \
&& if [[ ! -e /usr/bin/python ]]; then ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python; fi \
&& yum clean all \
&& rm -rf /var/cache/yum
CMD ["bash"]
you should have one FROM in your dockerfile
(unless you use multi-stage build for the docker)
I think i found easiest way to mix java jdk 17 and python3. I is not working on python2
FROM openjdk:17.0.1-jdk-slim
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y software-properties-common && \
apt-get install -y python3-pip
Software Commons have python3 lightweight version. (3.9.1 version)
U can also install some libraries like that.
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install numpy && \
python3 -m pip install opencv-python
OR
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y ffmpeg
Easiest is to just start from a Python image and add the OpenJDK. Note that FROM openjdk has been deprecated and replaced with eclipse-temurin
FROM python:3.10
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
COPY --from=eclipse-temurin:17-jre $JAVA_HOME $JAVA_HOME
ENV PATH="${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}"
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org flask
See How to use this Image - Using a different base Image section of https://hub.docker.com/_/eclipse-temurin for details.
Instead of using FROM openjdk:slim you can separately install Java, please refer below example:
# Install OpenJDK-8
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk && \
apt-get install -y ant && \
apt-get clean;
# Fix certificate issues
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install ca-certificates-java && \
apt-get clean && \
update-ca-certificates -f;
# Setup JAVA_HOME -- useful for docker commandline
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/
RUN export JAVA_HOME
I'm trying to build a docker image like
FROM ubuntu:latest
RUN apt update && apt upgrade -y && \
apt install -y git wget libsuitesparse-dev gcc g++ swig && \
cd ~ && wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh && \
sh Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -b && rm Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh && \
PATH=$PATH:~/miniconda3/condabin && \
conda init bash && conda upgrade -y conda && /bin/bash -c "source ~/.bashrc" && \
pip install numpy scipy matplotlib scikit_umfpack
However, /bin/bash -c "source ~/.bashrc" does not work... so I got /bin/sh: 1: pip: not found
How can I build a docker image installing miniconda and python requirements using pip at the same time?
I would recommend using a pre-existing Docker image that already has Anaconda installed. For example, this link has a Docker image endorsed by Anaconda itself. There may be others on Dockerhub that also have Anaconda installed already. In the case you already tried an image with Anaconda and it didn't meet your needs, let me know.
I've faced the Problem, that my code needs at least Python 3.5... therfore I upgraded to Python 3.5.2.
Unfortunatly the support for Python 3.5.x ehas ended and the support for PIP 21.0 will end in a few month...
So I needed to upgrade aggain.
You can find the whole Code behind it here.
As soon I started to attemped the Upgrade/Upodate I noticed:
There are no Guides in the Web to install Python 3.8.5 on a Raspberry/ArchLinux/Raspbian
If you do the usual stepps you mess up SSL -> No Webinterface, No SSH, No GIT, No Pip Install...
So here you are, if you follow the steps, you should have a running Python 3.8.5 (Alt-)Installation.
Please Notice: In my Installation Steps I used the standard folder /home/USER/ -> Please change this to your Username! (For Volumio this would be: /home/volumio)
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libffi-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev libdb5.3-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev
cd
mkdir /home/USER/src
cd /home/USER/src && mkdir openssl && cd openssl
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz
tar xvf openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz && cd openssl-1.1.1b
./config --prefix=/home/USER/src/openssl-1.1.1b --openssldir=/home/USER/src/openssl-1.1.1b && make && sudo make install
cd
echo "/home/USER/src/openssl-1.1.1b/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d
sudo ldconfig
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/home/USER/src/openssl-1.1.1b/lib
cd /home/USER/src && mkdir python && cd python
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.5/Python-3.8.5.tar.xz
tar xf Python-3.8.5.tar.xz
cd Python-3.8.5
sudo nano /home/USER/src/python/Python-3.8.5/Modules/Setup
Here please UN-comment lines 210-213, and change line 210 to:
SSL=/home/USER/src/openssl-1.1.1b
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
Save and exit with: ctrl+x, y, enter
./configure --prefix=/home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5 --with-openssl=/home/USER/src/openssl-1.1.1b && make -j4 && sudo make altinstall
export PATH=~/home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATh=/home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin
sudo /home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin/pip3.8 install -U pip #
sudo /home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin/pip3.8 install -U setuptools #
sudo /home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin/pip3.8 install --upgrade setuptools pip wheel #
Now you are ready to go!
To use PIP3(.8) type:
sudo /home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin/pip3.8 YOURCOMMAND --YOUROPTIONS
To use Python3(.8) type:
sudo /home/USER/src/Python-3.8.5/bin/python3.8 YOURCOMMAND --YOUROPTIONS
The Idea behind it: We Install OpenSSL 1.1.1b (needed by Python 3.8.5) to an alternative directory, so that the standard OpenSSL is still functional. After that, we Alt-Install Python 3.8.5 and tell it in the installation Process to use our custom OpenSSL Installation.
My Solution may not be the best, but it is functional.
If you have ideas how to make it better / simpler, please make a comment.
Cheers!
I've found this which walks you through creating a base bare-metal centos image. I want to however install some additional yum packages, download Python 2.7.8 and build it.
I had this in a dockerfile and already working like:
# Set the base image to Ubuntu
FROM centos:7
# File Author / Maintainer
MAINTAINER Sam Mohamed
# Update the sources list
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum install -y zlib-dev openssl-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel xz-libs gcc g++ build-essential make
# Install Python 2.7.8
RUN curl -o /root/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz
RUN tar -xf /root/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz -C /root
RUN cd /root/Python-2.7.9 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make && make altinstall
# Copy the application folder inside the container
ADD `pwd` /opt/iws_project
# Download Setuptools and install pip and virtualenv
RUN wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | /usr/local/bin/python2.7
RUN /usr/local/bin/easy_install-2.7 pip
RUN /usr/local/bin/pip2.7 install virtualenv
# Create virtualenv and install requirements:
RUN /usr/local/bin/virtualenv /opt/iws_project/venv && source /opt/iws_project/bin/activate && pip install -r /opt/iws_project/requirements.txt
How can I convert the above into a base image?
You are probably better off building the given Dockerfile and using the resulting image as the base for future images. This is much easier to maintain and doesn't really cost anything in terms of resource use.
But if you really want to create a single-layer "base image", the steps are as follows:
Install everything you want into some directory (docker-centos-65/ in the linked tutorial).
You can modify the febootstrap command from the tutorial you linked to install additional yum packages by specifying more -i flags.
You can perform any other custom installs (e.g. Python) manually, just make sure everything ends up in the same root directory
Create a tar archive of the directory where everything is installed, and pipe this to the docker import command:
tar c -C docker-centos-65/ . | docker import - my-base-image