Develop Reference

Problem with python code for Keithley 2450, pymeasure "apply current" does not work

I'm trying to make a python program to communicate with my keithley2450 sourcemeter but I can't impose a current.
Let me explain I manage to communicate with the keithley2450, and I would like to impose a current for a period of time that I define and measure the resistance and the voltage.
But I can't impose a current.
from pymeasure.instruments.keithley import Keithley2450
import time
import openpyxl
t_acquisition = 10
tempsreel = 0
import pyvisa
rm = pyvisa.ResourceManager()
print(rm.list_resources())
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.active
try:
keithley = Keithley2450('USB0::0x05E6::0x2450::04490659::0::INSTR')
keithley.apply_current() # Sets up to source current
keithley.source_current_range = 10e-3 # Sets the source current range to 10 mA
keithley.compliance_voltage = 10 # Sets the compliance voltage to 10 V
keithley.source_current = 0 # Sets the source current to 0 mA
keithley.enable_source() # Enables the source output
keithley.measure_resistance()
keithley.measure_voltage()
keithley.ramp_to_current(5e-3) # Ramps the current to 5 mA
except:
raise ConnectionError("Unable to connect to the Keithley 2450.")
list_current = []
list_voltage = []
list_resistance = []
liste_temps_mesure = []
liste_temps = []
while int(tempsreel) < t_acquisition :
#list_current.append(keithley.current)
list_voltage.append(keithley.voltage)
list_resistance.append(keithley.resistance)
temps = time.time()
liste_temps_mesure.append(temps)
tempsreel = temps - liste_temps_mesure[0]
liste_temps.append(tempsreel)
print(f"{tempsreel}, {keithley.resistance}, {keithley.voltage}")
sheet['A'+str(1)].value = 'Temps (s)'
#sheet['B'+str(1)].value = 'Current (A)'
sheet['C'+str(1)].value = 'Voltage (V)'
sheet['D'+str(1)].value = 'Resistance'
for i in range(0,len(liste_temps)):
sheet['A'+str(i+2)].value = liste_temps[i]
#sheet['B'+str(i+2)].value = list_current[i]
sheet['C'+str(i+2)].value = list_voltage[i]
sheet['D'+str(i+2)].value = list_resistance[i]
wb.save('Data_sourcemetre.xlsx')
print('Data saved !')

Sending and receiving a signal at the same time

I’m working in python on a raspberry pi. I’m trying to send out a signal on a motor controller, and then receive a signal with a sensing hat after it pass through my plant (an RC filter in this case).
The important thing is I want to generate the output and read the input as close to simultaneously as possible. I was hoping to use multiprocessing to have a thread send the signal while the other read the incoming signal. But I keep getting confused on how threads work in python.
In short is it possible to do 2 different tasks with multiprocessing and then repeat those tasks (sending and reading a signal) until a condition is met. (like in a while loop)
(Edited with Code)
from __future__ import print_function
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QAction
from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtGui, QtCore
from adafruit_motorkit import MotorKit
import pyqtgraph as pg
import sys
from sys import stdout
import numpy as np
from daqhats import mcc118, OptionFlags, HatIDs, HatError
from daqhats_utils import select_hat_device, enum_mask_to_string, \
chan_list_to_mask
from decimal import *
import math
import time
getcontext().prec = 3
total_samples_read = 0
READ_ALL_AVAILABLE = -1
channelData = np.zeros(4, dtype=float)
CURSOR_BACK_2 = '\x1b[2D'
ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE = '\x1b[0K'
# for plotting data
########################################
scan_rate = 1000 # scan rate in hz
maxtime = 30 # second s to run for
Datatime = np.zeros(maxtime * scan_rate, dtype=float)#List of times when smaples are taken
Data1 = np.zeros(maxtime * scan_rate, dtype=float) #sampels taken
data_index = 0 # Maximum index of data points taken
dt = Decimal(1 / scan_rate) # difference in time between indexes of Datatime
display_index = 0 # maximum index of Data being displayed on plot
#################################
# variables for Data logger
##########################
is_scanning = False
channels = [0]
channel_mask = chan_list_to_mask(channels)
num_channels = len(channels)
samples_per_channel = 0
options = OptionFlags.CONTINUOUS
######################################
startedTime = 0 # time at program start
myTime = 0 # time since program started
try:
address = select_hat_device(HatIDs.MCC_118)
hat = mcc118(address)
except (HatError, ValueError) as err:
print('\n', err)
class MainWindow(pg.GraphicsWindow):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(pg.GraphicsWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.delay = 30 #ms
self.quit = QAction("Quit", self)
self.quit.triggered.connect(self.clean_close)
self.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
self.timer.setInterval(self.delay)
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.update_plot)
# plots data and runs calibrate between trials
def update_plot(self):
global display_index, Datatime, Data1
kit.motor1.throttle = .4 + .2 * math.cos((time.time()-startedTime)* 2 * np.pi* 1) # 1hz sinusiod out of motor
if data_index < len(Data1):
Collect_Data()
plot.setXRange(0, 20, padding=0)
plot.setXRange(0, 20, padding=0)
curve.setData(Datatime[:display_index], Data1[:display_index])
display_index += 1
app.processEvents()
def clean_close(self):
self.close()
# starts data collection
def Collect_Data():
global is_scanning
"""
This function is executed automatically when the module is run directly.
"""
# Store the channels in a list and convert the list to a channel mask that
# can be passed as a parameter to the MCC 118 functions.
try:
# Select an MCC 118 HAT device to use.
# actual_scan_rate = hat.a_in_scan_actual_rate(num_channels, scan_rate)
# Configure and start the scan.
# Since the continuous option is being used, the samples_per_channel
# parameter is ignored if the value is less than the default internal
# buffer size (10000 * num_channels in this case). If a larger internal
# buffer size is desired, set the value of this parameter accordingly.
if not is_scanning:
hat.a_in_scan_start(channel_mask, samples_per_channel, scan_rate,
options)
is_scanning = True
try:
read_and_display_data(hat, num_channels)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Clear the '^C' from the display.
print(CURSOR_BACK_2, ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE, '\n')
print('Stopping')
hat.a_in_scan_stop()
hat.a_in_scan_cleanup()
except (HatError, ValueError) as err:
print('\n', err)
# reads Data off of Hat and adds to Data1
def read_and_display_data(hat, num_channels):
global channelData, data_index, Datatime, Data1
total_samples_read = 0
read_request_size = READ_ALL_AVAILABLE
# When doing a continuous scan, the timeout value will be ignored in the
# call to a_in_scan_read because we will be requesting that all available
# samples (up to the default buffer size) be returned.
timeout = 5.0
# Read all of the available samples (up to the size of the read_buffer which
# is specified by the user_buffer_size). Since the read_request_size is set
# to -1 (READ_ALL_AVAILABLE), this function returns immediately with
# whatever samples are available (up to user_buffer_size) and the timeout
# parameter is ignored.
trigger = True
while trigger == True:
read_result = hat.a_in_scan_read(read_request_size, timeout)
# Check for an overrun error
if read_result.hardware_overrun:
print('\n\nHardware overrun\n')
break
elif read_result.buffer_overrun:
print('\n\nBuffer overrun\n')
break
samples_read_per_channel = int(len(read_result.data) / num_channels)
total_samples_read += samples_read_per_channel
# adds all data in buffer to data to be plotted.
count = 0
if samples_read_per_channel > 0:
index = samples_read_per_channel * num_channels - num_channels
while count < samples_read_per_channel:
for i in range(num_channels):
channelData[i] = read_result.data[index + i]
if data_index < len(Data1):
Data1[data_index] = channelData[0]
Datatime[data_index] = float(dt * Decimal(data_index))
data_index += 1
count += 1
trigger = False
stdout.flush()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
win = MainWindow() # display window
plot = win.addPlot(1, 0)
curve = plot.plot()
win.show()
kit = MotorKit() # implements motor driver
kit.motor1.throttle = .4 # values 1 is 5v and 0 is 0 volts
startedTime = time.time()
# u = .2*math.cos(t * 2*np.pi*1)
win.timer.start()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

Give out value of a function variable

I have a code for a VoiceActivityDetector and want to give out the value speech_ratio which is in a function
I tried to set up a new function to print out the value
def __init__(self, wave_input_filename):
self._read_wav(wave_input_filename)._convert_to_mono()
self.sample_window = 0.02 #20 ms
self.sample_overlap = 0.01 #10ms
self.speech_window = 0.5 #half a second
self.speech_energy_threshold = 0.6 #60% of energy in voice band
self.speech_start_band = 300
self.speech_end_band = 3000
#self.speech_ratio = 0
def detect_speech(self):
""" Detects speech regions based on ratio between speech band energy
and total energy.
Output is array of window numbers and speech flags (1 - speech, 0 - nonspeech).
"""
detected_windows = np.array([])
sample_window = int(self.rate * self.sample_window)
sample_overlap = int(self.rate * self.sample_overlap)
data = self.data
sample_start = 0
start_band = self.speech_start_band
end_band = self.speech_end_band
while (sample_start < (len(data) - sample_window)):
sample_end = sample_start + sample_window
if sample_end>=len(data): sample_end = len(data)-1
data_window = data[sample_start:sample_end]
energy_freq = self._calculate_normalized_energy(data_window)
sum_voice_energy = self._sum_energy_in_band(energy_freq, start_band, end_band)
sum_full_energy = sum(energy_freq.values())
speech_ratio = sum_voice_energy/sum_full_energy
#self.speech_ratio2 = speech_ratio
# Hipothesis is that when there is a speech sequence we have ratio of energies more than Threshold
speech_ratio = speech_ratio>self.speech_energy_threshold
detected_windows = np.append(detected_windows,[sample_start, speech_ratio])
sample_start += sample_overlap
detected_windows = detected_windows.reshape(int(len(detected_windows)/2),2)
detected_windows[:,1] = self._smooth_speech_detection(detected_windows)
return detected_windows
def printing(self):
print(self.speech_ratio)
return self.speech_ratio
When I set speech_ratio as a variable in the init it does not change the variable later on in the detect_speech function.
If I do not initialize speech_ratio in the init function it wont be a attribute of my object at all.

You use self.speech_ratio to try and print the value; you should use the same expression to assign to it.

Correct configuration of Aubio / Alsaaudio

I am trying to use aubio and python for a school project, here's the goal : detect when someone emit two sounds, each with a length of 2s, and with an interval between them of max 3s. The second one need to be higher than the first one. When these conditions are met, the program send a Wake-On-Lan package (not implemented in current code).
import alsaaudio
import numpy as np
import aubio
import time
import threading
class Audio_watcher:
# constants
samplerate = 44100
win_s = 2048
hop_s = win_s // 2
framesize = hop_s
nb_samples = 20
tone_duration = 2.0
per_sampling = tone_duration / nb_samples
tone_max_interval = 3.0
tone_diff_ratio = 2
def __init__(self):
self.last_frequencies = np.zeros(Audio_watcher.nb_samples)
self.last_energies = np.zeros(Audio_watcher.nb_samples)
self.detected_tone = 0
# set up audio input
recorder = alsaaudio.PCM(type=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE)
recorder.setperiodsize(Audio_watcher.framesize)
recorder.setrate(Audio_watcher.samplerate)
recorder.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE)
recorder.setchannels(1)
self.recorder = recorder
pitcher = aubio.pitch("default", Audio_watcher.win_s, Audio_watcher.hop_s, Audio_watcher.samplerate)
pitcher.set_unit("Hz")
pitcher.set_silence(-40)
self.pitcher = pitcher
# A filter
f = aubio.digital_filter(7)
f.set_a_weighting(Audio_watcher.samplerate)
self.f = f
def get_audio(self):
# read and convert data from audio input
_, data = self.recorder.read()
samples = np.fromstring(data, dtype=aubio.float_type)
filtered_samples = self.f(samples)
print(filtered_samples)
# pitch and energy of current frame
freq = self.pitcher(filtered_samples)[0]
print(freq)
self.last_frequencies = np.roll(self.last_frequencies, 1)
self.last_frequencies[0] = freq
self.last_energies = np.roll(self.last_energies, 1)
self.last_energies[0] = np.sum(filtered_samples**2)/len(filtered_samples)
threading.Timer(Audio_watcher.per_sampling, self.get_audio).start()
def reset_detected_tone():
self.detected_tone = 0
def detect_tone(self):
std_last = np.std(self.last_frequencies)
if std_last <= 200 and std_last > 0:
mean_freq = np.mean(self.last_frequencies)
if self.detected_tone == 0:
self.detected_tone = mean_freq
threading.Timer(Audio_watcher.tone_max_interval, self.reset_detected_tone).start()
elif mean_freq > Audio_watcher.tone_diff_ratio * self.detected_tone:
print('wol')
threading.Timer(Audio_watcher.tone_duration, self.detect_tone).start()
aw = Audio_watcher()
aw.get_audio()
aw.detect_tone()
However with this code I get a great delay between the sounds and their detection, I think it has to do with the recorder being called only one time every 0.1s, but I can't find how to give correct parameters to aubio.
Does anyone knows how to configure the constants so it works ?
Thanks a lot !

Found out what was causing this error, I needed to put the code that sets up the audio input in the get_audio function so it renewed everytime

How do I get close event to work in wxPython using AUIManager?

How would I add another event to the pane created in our GUI manager class (below). I want to detect when the x button closes the pane. I've tried using the same format as wx.EVT_MENU for wx.EVT_CLOSE but it didn't work.
def popup_panel(self, p):
"""
Add a panel object to the AUI manager
:param p: panel object to add to the AUI manager
:return: ID of the event associated with the new panel [int]
"""
ID = wx.NewId()
self.panels[str(ID)] = p
self.graph_num += 1
if p.window_caption.split()[0] in NOT_SO_GRAPH_LIST:
windowcaption = p.window_caption
else:
windowcaption = 'Graph'#p.window_caption
windowname = p.window_name
# Append nummber
captions = self._get_plotpanel_captions()
while (1):
caption = windowcaption + '%s'% str(self.graph_num)
if caption not in captions:
break
self.graph_num += 1
# protection from forever-loop: max num = 1000
if self.graph_num > 1000:
break
if p.window_caption.split()[0] not in NOT_SO_GRAPH_LIST:
p.window_caption = caption
#p.window_caption = windowcaption+ str(self.graph_num)
p.window_name = windowname + str(self.graph_num)
style1 = self.__gui_style & GUIFRAME.FIXED_PANEL
style2 = self.__gui_style & GUIFRAME.FLOATING_PANEL
if style1 == GUIFRAME.FIXED_PANEL:
self._mgr.AddPane(p, wx.aui.AuiPaneInfo().
Name(p.window_name).
Caption(p.window_caption).
Position(10).
Floatable().
Right().
Dock().
MinimizeButton().
Resizable(True).
# Use a large best size to make sure the AUI
# manager takes all the available space
BestSize(wx.Size(PLOPANEL_WIDTH,
PLOPANEL_HEIGTH)))
self._popup_fixed_panel(p)
elif style2 == GUIFRAME.FLOATING_PANEL:
self._mgr.AddPane(p, wx.aui.AuiPaneInfo().
Name(p.window_name).Caption(p.window_caption).
MinimizeButton().
Resizable(True).
# Use a large best size to make sure the AUI
# manager takes all the available space
BestSize(wx.Size(PLOPANEL_WIDTH,
PLOPANEL_HEIGTH)))
self._popup_floating_panel(p)
# Register for showing/hiding the panel
wx.EVT_MENU(self, ID, self.on_view)
if p not in self.plot_panels.values() and p.group_id != None:
self.plot_panels[ID] = p
if len(self.plot_panels) == 1:
self.panel_on_focus = p
self.set_panel_on_focus(None)
if self._data_panel is not None and \
self._plotting_plugin is not None:
ind = self._data_panel.cb_plotpanel.FindString('None')
if ind != wx.NOT_FOUND:
self._data_panel.cb_plotpanel.Delete(ind)
if caption not in self._data_panel.cb_plotpanel.GetItems():
self._data_panel.cb_plotpanel.Append(str(caption), p)
return ID
I want to be able to pick up the event in the plotting child class.
def create_panel_helper(self, new_panel, data, group_id, title=None):
"""
"""
## Set group ID if available
## Assign data properties to the new create panel
new_panel.set_manager(self)
new_panel.group_id = group_id
if group_id not in data.list_group_id:
data.list_group_id.append(group_id)
if title is None:
title = data.title
new_panel.window_caption = title
new_panel.window_name = data.title
event_id = self.parent.popup_panel(new_panel)
#remove the default item in the menu
if len(self.plot_panels) == 0:
pos = self.menu.FindItem(DEFAULT_MENU_ITEM_LABEL)
if pos != -1:
self.menu.Delete(DEFAULT_MENU_ITEM_ID)
# Set UID to allow us to reference the panel later
new_panel.uid = event_id
# Ship the plottable to its panel
wx.CallAfter(new_panel.plot_data, data)
self.plot_panels[new_panel.group_id] = new_panel
# Set Graph menu and help string
helpString = 'Show/Hide Graph: '
for plot in new_panel.plots.itervalues():
helpString += (' ' + plot.label + ';')
self.menu.AppendCheckItem(event_id, new_panel.window_caption,
helpString)
self.menu.Check(event_id, IS_WIN)
wx.EVT_MENU(self.parent, event_id, self._on_check_menu)
wx.EVT_CLOSE(self.parent, event_id, self._on_close_panel)
wx.EVT_SHOW(new_panel, self._on_show_panel)

Did you try catching wx.aui.EVT_AUINOTEBOOK_PAGE_CLOSE or wx.aui.EVT_AUINOTEBOOK_PAGE_CLOSED? I would think that would do what you want. I am assuming you're using wx.aui rather than wx.agw.aui. I suspect the latter is similar though.
EDIT: Oops. I read this wrong. I thought the OP wanted to know about AUINotebook. The event you're probably looking for is wx.aui.EVT_AUI_PANE_CLOSE