I'm trying to figure out how I can solve this issue. I have a Raspberry Pi that is set up with a breadboard that consists of:
1 RGB light
2 buttons (left and right)
1 OLED screen
Each component works and I can run each one. What I'm trying to do is write a script that will allow me to select the "mode" with the left button (everything off vs lights vs screen on).
When a mode is selected, the right button then allows me to select between options within that mode. Below is the code as I have it:
def off():
lights = [red,green,blue]
for light in lights:
light.off()
def lightSelector():
off()
number = 0
while number < 5:
if rightButton.is_pressed:
if number == 0:
off()
red.on()
sleep(1)
number += 1
elif number == 1:
off()
green.on()
sleep(1)
number += 1
elif number == 2:
off()
blue.on()
sleep(1)
number += 1
elif number == 3:
off()
row()
sleep(1)
number+= 1
else:
number = 0
def picture():
image = Image.open('grant.jpeg')
image_r = image.resize((width,height), Image.BICUBIC)
image_bw = image_r.convert("1")
for x in range(width):
for y in range(height):
oled.pixel(x,y,bool(int(image_bw.getpixel((x,y)))))
oled.show()
def oledOff():
oled.fill(0)
oled.show()
def buttons():
x = 0
y = 0
while y is 0:
print('x = ' , x)
print('y = ' , y)
if leftButton.is_pressed:
if x == 0 :
oledOff()
off()
sleep(0.5)
x += 1
elif x == 1:
oledOff()
off()
lightSelector()
sleep(0.5)
x += 1
elif x == 2:
oledOff()
off()
picture()
sleep(0.5)
x += 1
else:
x = 0
oledOff()
off()
buttons()
The idea is that the buttons() function is the main overall function and will call the others as needed. My issue is that once I get to y == 1, or the lightSelector() function, it no longer registers that the leftButton is being pressed and won't switch to the next mode and I'm stuck in the lightSelector() function.
I know at baseline I can spell out lightSelector within the buttons function instead of calling another function but I'm trying to not be as verbose. I don't have any experience with threading or multprocessing and looked into it but couldn't see how that would help.
Related
from src.common import config, settings, utils
import time
import math
from src.routine.components import Command
from src.common.vkeys import press, key_down, key_up
class Adjust(Command):
"""Fine-tunes player position using small movements."""
def __init__(self, x, y, max_steps=5):
super().__init__(locals())
self.target = (float(x), float(y))
self.max_steps = settings.validate_nonnegative_int(max_steps)
def main(self):
counter = self.max_steps
toggle = True
error = utils.distance(config.player_pos, self.target)
while config.enabled and counter > 0 and error > settings.adjust_tolerance:
if toggle:
d_x = self.target[0] - config.player_pos[0]
threshold = settings.adjust_tolerance / math.sqrt(2)
if abs(d_x) > threshold:
walk_counter = 0
if d_x < 0:
key_down('left')
while config.enabled and d_x < -1 * threshold and walk_counter < 60:
time.sleep(0.05)
walk_counter += 1
d_x = self.target[0] - config.player_pos[0]
key_up('left')
else:
key_down('right')
while config.enabled and d_x > threshold and walk_counter < 60:
time.sleep(0.05)
walk_counter += 1
d_x = self.target[0] - config.player_pos[0]
key_up('right')
counter -= 1
else:
d_y = self.target[1] - config.player_pos[1]
if abs(d_y) > settings.adjust_tolerance / math.sqrt(2):
if d_y < 0:
time.sleep(0.25)
press(Key.ROPE, 1, up_time=0.1)
time.sleep(2)
# press(Key.JUMP, 1, up_time=0.1)
# time.sleep(0.175)
# UpJump('up').main()
else:
key_down('down')
time.sleep(0.05)
press(Key.JUMP, 3, down_time=0.1)
key_up('down')
time.sleep(0.5)
counter -= 1
error = utils.distance(config.player_pos, self.target)
toggle = not toggle
This section of code is from a bot i'm working on for a game, essentially. The bot checks my X and Y and will make my character move left or right to adjust for an X,Y I give it. The issue with this is if I over-jump the target, since my character walks through the correct (X,Y) while overshooting, it will consider itself as done.
I want it to sleep for a second or two after running once, then recheck my (X,Y) and rerun if needed to avoid overshooting.
I've been trying for a while, and want to avoid just running the same thing tons of times
The code:
class Car:
y = 0
x = 0
x_miles = y / 5280
y_miles = x / 5280
direction = 0
speed = 100
fps = speed * 1.467
Cords = {x}, {y}
Cords_miles = x_miles, y_miles
def driving(self):
drv = 'start'
while drv != 'stop':
if Car.direction == -270:
Car.direction = 90
elif Car.direction == 270:
Car.direction = -90
elif Car.direction == -180:
Car.direction = 180
drv = input('Say W(Forward), S(Stop), A(TurnLeft), D(TurnRight), C(GetCords): ').lower
if drv == 's':
print('this never gets executed, as well as the elifs statements after')
else:
print('this always gets executed')
the problem is that when I call the function and then enter an input, for example, if I give it the letter s, it skips to the else statement immediately. Here's the output if I enter s:
Say W(Forward), S(Stop), A(TurnLeft), D(TurnRight), C(GetCords): s
this always gets executed
I cannot seem to fix it, so it would be great if someone could help!
You are missing brackets after you .lower. As you can read here, without the brackets you are just setting a reference to the lower method but do not actually call it.
I've been trying out to solve the monty hall problem in Python in order to advance in coding, which is why I tried to randomize everything. The thing is: I've been running into some trouble. As most of you probably know the monty problem is supposed to show that changing the door has a higher winrate (66%) than staying on the chosen door (33%). For some odd reason though my simulation shows a 33% winrate for both cases and I am not really sure why.
Here's the code:
from random import *
def doorPriceRandomizer():
door1 = randint(0,2) #If a door is defined 0, it has a price in it
door2 = randint(0,2) #If a door is defined either 1 or 2, it has a goat in it.
door3 = randint(0,2)
while door2 == door1:
door2 = randint(0,2)
while door3 == door2 or door3 == door1:
door3 = randint(0,2)
return door1,door2,door3 #This random placement generator seems to be working fine.
while True:
loopStart = 0
amountWin = 0
amountLose = 0
try:
loopEnd = int(input("How often would you like to run this simulation: "))
if loopEnd < 0:
raise ValueError
doorChangeUser = int(input("[0] = Do not change door; [1] = Change door: "))
if doorChangeUser not in range(0,2):
raise ValueError
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Try again.\n")
else:
while loopStart != loopEnd:
gameDoors = doorPriceRandomizer()
inputUser = randint(0,2)
if doorChangeUser == 0:
if gameDoors[inputUser] == 0:
amountWin += 1
loopStart += 1
else:
amountLose += 1
loopStart += 1
elif doorChangeUser == 1:
ChangeRandom = 0
while gameDoors[ChangeRandom] == gameDoors[inputUser]:
ChangeRandom = randint(0,2)
if gameDoors[ChangeRandom] == 0:
amountWin += 1
loopStart += 1
else:
amountLose += 1
loopStart += 1
print("Win amount: ",amountWin,"\tLose amount: ",amountLose)
What am I doing wrong? I really appreciate all help! Thanks in advance!
ChangeRandom = 0
while gameDoors[ChangeRandom] == gameDoors[inputUser]:
ChangeRandom = randint(0,2)
This doesn't do what you think it does. Instead of checking if the ChangeRandom door is the same as the inputUser door, this checks if the ChangeRandom door and the inputUser door have the same value -- that is to say they're either both winners or both losers.
That said, that's not even what you want to do. What you want to do is to find a door that's not the user's input that IS a loser door, then switch to the OTHER one that isn't the user's input. This could be implemented with minimal change to your code as:
other_wrong_door = next(c for c, v in enumerate(gameDoors) if v != 0 and c != inputUser)
new_door = next(c for c, _ in enumerate(gameDoors) if c != inputUser and c != other_wrong_door)
But honestly this merits a re-examining of your code's structure. Give me a few minutes to work something up, and I'll edit this answer to give you an idea of how I'd implement this.
import random
DOORS = [1, 0, 0]
def runonce(switch=False):
user_choice = random.choice(DOORS)
if user_choice == 1:
# immediate winner
if switch:
# if you won before and switch doors, you must lose now
return False
else:
new_doors = [0, 0] # remove the user-selected winner
new_doors = [0] # remove another loser
return bool(random.choice(new_doors))
# of course, this is always `0`, but
# sometimes it helps to show it. In production you
# wouldn't bother writing the extra lines and just return False
else:
if switch:
new_doors = [1, 0] # remove the user-selected loser
new_doors = [1] # remove another loser
return bool(random.choice(new_doors))
# as above: this is always True, but....
else:
return False # if you lost before and don't switch, well, you lost.
num_trials = int(input("How many trials?"))
no_switch_raw = [run_once(switch=False) for _ in range(num_trials)]
switch_raw = [run_once(switch=True) for _ in range(num_trials)]
no_switch_wins = sum(1 for r in no_switch_raw if r)
switch_wins = sum(1 for r in switch_raw if r)
no_switch_prob = no_switch_wins / num_trials * 100.0
switch_prob = switch_wins / num_trials * 100.0
print( " WINS LOSSES %\n"
f"SWITCH: {switch_wins:>4} {num_trials-switch_wins:>6} {switch_prob:.02f}\n"
f"NOSWITCH:{no_switch_wins:>4} {num_trials-no_switch_wins:>6} {no_switch_prob:.02f}")
You have gotten the mechanics of the problem wrong so you are getting the wrong result. I have rewritten the choice mechanics, but I am leaving the user input stuff to you so that you can continue to learn python. This is one of many ways to solve the problem, but hopefully it demonstrates some things to you.
def get_choices():
valid_choices = [0, 1, 2] # these are the values for a valid sample
shuffle(valid_choices) # now randomly shuffle that list
return valid_choices # return the shuffled list
def get_door(user_choice):
return user_choice.index(0)
def monty_sim(n, kind):
"""
:param n: number of runs in this simulation
:param kind: whether to change the door or not, 0 - don't change, 1 = change door
:return: (win_rate, 1 - win_rate)
"""
wins = 0
for i in range(0, n):
game_doors = get_choices()
user_choice = get_door(get_choices()) # use the same method and find user door choice
# so there are two branches.
# In both, a door with a goat (game_door = 1) is chosen, which reduce the result to
# a choice between two doors, rather than 3.
if kind == 0:
if user_choice == game_doors.index(0):
wins += 1
elif kind == 1:
# so now, the user chooses to change the door
if user_choice != game_doors.index(0):
wins += 1
# Because the original choice wasn't the right one, then the new
# must be correct because the host already chose the other wrong one.
win_rate = (wins / n) * 100
return win_rate, 100 - win_rate
if __name__ == '__main__':
n = 1000
kind = 1
wins, loses = monty_sim(n, kind)
print(f'In a simulation of {n} experiments, of type {kind} user won {wins:02f} of the time, lost {loses:02f} of the time')
this is the main code:
import MainMod
print("Welcome!")
print("Note: In this games you use wasd+enter to move!\nYou press 1 key and then enter,if you press multiple kets it wont work.\nYou will always move by 5 meters.")
CurrentRoom = 1
#Limits work this way!1st and 2nd number are X values(1st is <---- limit,2nd is ---> limit)
#3rd and 4th are y values(1st is v limit,2nd is ^ limit)
# X and Y are coordinates; 0,0 is the starting point of every room
while True:
if CurrentRoom ==1:
print("This is room 1")
MainMod.roomlimits = [-15 , 15, -15 , 15]
MainMod.doorloc1 = [-15,10,15]
MainMod.doorloc2 = [15,-2,2]
while CurrentRoom == 1:
MainMod.MainLel()
if MainMod.door1 == 1:
print("DAMN SON")
CurrentRoom = 2
break
elif MainMod.door2 == 1:
print("Plz no")
CurrentRoom = 3
break
while CurrentRoom == 2:
MainMod.MainLel()
and this is the MainMod module is :
x = 0
y = 0
roomlimits = 0
doorloc1=0
doorloc2=0
door1 = 0
door2 = 0
direct = 0
def MainLel():
global direct
movementinput()
movement(direct)
doorcheck()
def movement(dir):
global x,y,roomlimits,door1,door2,doorloc1,doorloc2
if dir == "w":
y += 5
if y > roomlimits[3]:
y = roomlimits[3]
print("Youre current coordinates are x:",x," y:",y)
elif dir == "s":
y -= 5
if y < roomlimits[2]:
y = roomlimits[2]
print("Youre current coordinates are x:",x," y:",y)
elif dir == "d":
x += 5
if x > roomlimits[1]:
x = roomlimits[1]
print("Youre current coordinates are x:",x," y:",y)
elif dir == "a":
x -= 5
if x < roomlimits[0]:
x = roomlimits[2]
print("Youre current coordinates are x:",x," y:",y)
def movementinput():
global direct
while True:
direct = input("")
if direct in ("w","a","s","d","W","A","D","S"):
break
else:
print("You failure.")
def doorcheck():
global x,y,doorloc1,doorloc2,door1,door2
if x == doorloc1[0] and doorloc1[1] <= y <= doorloc1[2]:
door1 = 1
elif y == doorloc2[0] and doorloc2[1] <= x <= doorloc2[2]:
door2 = 1
else:
door1,door2 = 0,0
Im using a module instead of classes because i dont know how to use classes yet,anyways,what happens in the program is that if i am in the door location,it simply prints "DAMN SON" and doesnt break out of the Room loop,any help? EDIT NOTE: I added the break statement later on to try if it would help,sadly it didnt,i am also a bit tired so im guessing i made a logic mistake somewhere,thanks in advance for help.
Final edit: The code was functional all along,i was just testing it incorrectly!Thanks for the awnsers,ill close this question now.
Since I could not imagine it didn't work, I added two markers (print commands), to room 1 and 2:
while CurrentRoom == 1:
print("one")
mod.MainLel()
and
while CurrentRoom == 2:
print("two")
mod.MainLel()
This is what happened:
Youre current coordinates are x: -5 y: 15
one
a
Youre current coordinates are x: -10 y: 15
one
a
Youre current coordinates are x: -15 y: 15
DAMN SON
two
a
Youre current coordinates are x: -15 y: 15
two
It turned out to be working fine. The break is redundant however. The loop will break anyway, since the condition becomes False.
Here is my situation
import win32api
while True:
x,y = win32api.GetCursorPos()
if x < 0:
print("2")
else:
print("1")
This constantly prints '1' or '2' depending on the x co-ordinate of the mouse being less than 0 (dual monitors, RHS is primary so < 0 means mouse is on second monitor). How can I make it only print one instance of the string '1' or '2' when x becomes < 0 or x becomes >= 0?
You need to remember the last state printed so that you can detect when a new state is entered.
last_state = False
while True:
x,y = win32api.GetCursorPos()
state = x < 0
if state == last_state:
continue
last_state = state
if state:
print("2")
else:
print("1")