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I'm a beginner trying to build a simple library management system using Python. Users can search a book from a list of many books stored in a text file. Here is an example of what is in the text file:
Author: J.K Rowling
Title: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hollow
Keywords: xxxx
Published by: xxxx
Published year: xxxx
Author: Stephen King
Title: xxxx
Keywords: xxxx
Published by: xxxx
Published year: xxxx
Author: J.K Rowling
Title: Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince
Keywords: xxxx
Published by: xxxx
Published year: xxxx
This is where it gets difficult for me. There is a Search by Author option for the user to search books. What I want to do is when the users search for any authors (e.g. J.K Rowling), it would output all (in this case, there are two J.K Rowling books) of the related components (Author, Title, Keywords, Published by, Published year). This is the last piece of the program, which I'm having very much difficulty in doing. Please help me, and thank you all in advance.
Is it possible for you to implement the text file in the form of a JSON file instead? It could be a better alternative since you could easily access all the values depending on the key you have chosen and search through those as well.
{
"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hollow" :
{
"Author": "J.K Rowling",
"Keywords": xxxx,
"Published by": xxxx,
"Published year": xxxx
},
'Example 2' :
{
"Author": "Stephen King"
"Keywords": xxxx
"Published by": xxxx
"Published year": xxxx
}
}
You can iterate through the lines of the text file like this:
with open(r"path\to\text_file.txt", "r") as books:
lines = books.readlines()
for index in range(len(lines)):
line = lines[index]
Now, get the author of each book by splitting the line on the ":" character and testing if the first part == "Author". Then, get the second part of the split string and strip it of the "\n" [newline] and " " characters to make sure there are no extra spaces or anything that will mess up the search on either side. I would also recomment lowercasing the author name and search query to make capitalisation not matter. Test if this is equal to the search query:
if line.split(":")[0] == "Author" and\
line.split(":")[1].strip("\n ").lower() == search_query.lower():
Then, in this if loop, print out all the required information about this book.
Completed code:
search_query = "J.K Rowling"
with open(r"books.txt", "r") as books:
lines = books.readlines()
for index in range(len(lines)):
line = lines[index]
if line.split(":")[0] == "Author" and line.split(":")[1].strip("\n ").lower() == search_query.lower():
print(*lines[index + 1: index + 5])
Generally, a lot of problems to be programmed can be resolved into a three-step process:
Read the input into an internal data structure
Do processing as required
Write the output
This problem seems like quite a good fit for that pattern:
In the first part, read the text file into an in-memory list of either dictionaries or objects (depending on what's expected by your course)
In the second part, search the in-memory list according to the search criteria; this will result in a shorter list containing the results
In the third part, print out the results neatly
It would be reasonable to put these into three separate functions, and to attack each of them separately
# To read the details from the file ex books.txt
with open("books.txt","r") as fd:
lines = fd.read()
#Split the lines based on Author. As Author word will be missing after split so add the Author to the result. The entire result is in bookdetails list.
bookdetails = ["Author" + line for line in lines.split("Author")[1:]]
#Author Name to search
authorName = "J.K Rowling"
# Search for the given author name from the bookdetails list. Split the result based on new line results in array of details.
result = [book.splitlines() for book in bookdetails if "Author: " + authorName in book]
print(result)
If you will always receive this format of the file and you want to transform it into a dictionary:
def read_author(file):
data = dict()
with open(file, "r") as f:
li = f.read().split("\n")
for e in li:
if ":" in e:
data[e.split(":")[0]] = e.split(":")[1]
return data['Author']
Note: The text file sometimes has empty lines so I check if the line contains the colon (:) before transforming it into a dict.
Then if you want a more generic method you can pass the KEY of the element you want:
def read_info(file, key):
data = dict()
with open(file, "r") as f:
li = f.read().split("\n")
for e in li:
if ":" in e:
data[e.split(":")[0]] = e.split(":")[1]
return data[key]
Separating the reading like the following you can be more modular:
class BookInfo:
def __init__(self, file) -> None:
self.file = file
self.data = None
def __read_file(self):
if self.data is None:
with open(self.file, "r") as f:
li = f.read().split("\n")
self.data = dict()
for e in li:
if ":" in e:
self.data[e.split(":")[0]] = e.split(":")[1]
def read_author(self):
self.__read_file()
return self.data['Author']
Then create objects for each book:
info = BookInfo("book.txt")
print(info.read_author())
Related
def extract_book_info(self):
books_info = []
for file in os.listdir(self.book_folder_path):
title = "None"
author = "None"
release_date = "None"
last_update_date = "None"
language = "None"
producer = "None"
with open(self.book_folder_path + file, 'r', encoding = 'utf-8') as content:
book_info = content.readlines()
for lines in book_info:
if lines.startswith('Title'):
title = lines.strip().split(': ')
elif lines.startswith('Author'):
try:
author = lines.strip().split(': ')
except IndexError:
author = 'Empty'
elif lines.startswith('Release date'):
release_date = lines.strip().split(': ')
elif lines.startswith('Last updated'):
last_update_date = lines.strip().split(': ')
elif lines.startswith('Produce by'):
producer = lines.strip().split(': ')
elif lines.startswith('Language'):
language = lines.strip().split(': ')
elif lines.startswith('***'):
pass
books_info.append(Book(title, author, release_date, last_update_date, producer, language, self.book_folder_path))
with open(self.book_info_path, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as book_file:
for book_info in books_info:
book_file.write(book_info.__str__() + "\n")
I was using this code tried to extract the book title , author , release_date ,
last_update_date, language, producer, book_path).
This the the output I achieve:
['Title', 'The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'];;;['Author', 'Arthur Conan Doyle'];;;None;;;None;;;None;;;['Language', 'English'];;;data/books_data/;;;
This is the output I should achieved.
May I know what method I should used to achieve the following output
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes;;;Arthur Conan Doyle;;;November29,2002;;;May20,2019;;;English;;;
This is the example of input:
Title: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Author: Arthur Conan Doyle
Release Date: November 29, 2002 [eBook #1661]
[Most recently updated: May 20, 2019]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
Produced by: an anonymous Project Gutenberg volunteer and Jose Menendez
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES ***
cover
str.split gives you a list as a result. You're using it to assign to a single value instead.
'Title: Sherlock Holmes'.split(':') # => ['Title', 'Sherlock Holmes']
What I can gather from your requirement you want to access the second element from the split every time. You can do so by:
...
for lines in book_info:
if lines.startswith('Author'):
_, author = lines.strip().split(':')
elif...
Be careful since this can throw an IndexError if there is no second element in a split result. (That's why there's a try on the author param in your code)
Also, avoid calling __str__ directly. That's what the str() function calls for you anyway. Use that instead.
I'm working with project and I'm trying to write from json file. Unfortunately I found a problem. When I tried to read it I dont' get everything the same as this in my file pliki.json
pliki.json:
[
{
"name": "",
"pesel": "",
"choosendir": "Amsterdam-Berlin",
"lot id": "1",
"bilet class": "Biznes ",
"bilet_price": " 68",
"seat": "5"
}
]
Function reading:
import csv
from lot import DatabaseofLoty, Lot
import json
from person import Person, Database
from ticket import Ticket
def read_info_aboutpeople(path):
with open(path, "r") as file_handle:
people = []
try:
rowing = json.load(file_handle)
for row in rowing:
name =row["name"],
print(name)
pesel = row["pesel"],
print(pesel)
choosendir = row["choosendir"]
print(choosendir)
lot_id = row["lot id"],
print(lot_id)
bilet_class = row["bilet class"],
bilet_price = row["bilet_price"],
seat = row["seat"]
ticket = Ticket(bilet_class,bilet_price)
person = Person(name, pesel,ticket, choosendir, lot_id, seat)
people.append(person)
database = Database(people)
return database
except Exception:
database = Database([])
print(read_info_aboutpeople("pliki.json"))
Outputs:
('',)
('',)
Amsterdam-Berlin
('1',)
Why this works like that? How to solve this
Actually json reading works, but look what exactly is happening here:
name = row["name"],
print(type(name)) # <class 'tuple'>
So in real you create one element tuple here with name as it's only element. That's why you see strange print results as most of your variables are just tuples (and that's why your code probably blows up when you use lot_id as you expect that as single str). You need to remove commas to make code work as you expect
I have a text file that looks like:
First Name Bob
Last name Smith
Phone 555-555-5555
Email bob#bob.com
Date of Birth 11/02/1986
Preferred Method of Contact Text Message
Desired Appointment Date 04/29
Desired Appointment Time 10am
City Pittsburgh
Location State
IP Address x.x.x.x
User-Agent (Browser/OS) Apple Safari 14.0.3 / OS X
Referrer http://www.example.com
First Name john
Last name Smith
Phone 555-555-4444
Email john#gmail.com
Date of Birth 03/02/1955
Preferred Method of Contact Text Message
Desired Appointment Date 05/22
Desired Appointment Time 9am
City Pittsburgh
Location State
IP Address x.x.x.x
User-Agent (Browser/OS) Apple Safari 14.0.3 / OS X
Referrer http://www.example.com
.... and so on
I need to extract each entry to a csv file, so the data should look like: first name, last name, phone, email, etc. I don't even know where to start on something like this.
first of all you'll need to open the text file in read mode.
I'd suggest using a context manager like so:
with open('path/to/your/file.txt', 'r') as file:
for line in file.readlines():
# do something with the line (it is a string)
as for managing the info you could build some intermediate structure, for example a dictionary or a list of dictionaries, and then translate that into a CSV file with the csv module.
you could for example split the file whenever there is a blank line, maybe like this:
with open('Downloads/test.txt', 'r') as f:
my_list = list() # this will be the final list
entry = dict() # this contains each user info as a dict
for line in f.readlines():
if line.strip() == "": # if line is empty start a new dict
my_list.append(entry) # and append the old one to the list
entry = dict()
else: # otherwise split the line and create new dict
line_items = line.split(r' ')
print(line_items)
entry[line_items[0]] = line_items[1]
print(my_list)
this code won't work because your text is not formatted in a consistent way: you need to find a way to make the split between "title" and "content" (like "first name" and "bob") in a consistent way. I suggest maybe looking at regex and fixing the txt file by making spacing more consistent.
assuming the data resides in a:
a="""
First Name Bob
Last name Smith
Phone 555-555-5555
Email bob#bob.com
Date of Birth 11/02/1986
Preferred Method of Contact Text Message
Desired Appointment Date 04/29
Desired Appointment Time 10am
City Pittsburgh
Location State
IP Address x.x.x.x
User-Agent (Browser/OS) Apple Safari 14.0.3 / OS X
Referrer http://www.example.com
First Name john
Last name Smith
Phone 555-555-4444
Email john#gmail.com
Date of Birth 03/02/1955
Preferred Method of Contact Text Message
Desired Appointment Date 05/22
Desired Appointment Time 9am
City Pittsburgh
Location State
IP Address x.x.x.x
User-Agent (Browser/OS) Apple Safari 14.0.3 / OS X
Referrer http://www.example.com
"""
line_sep = "\n" # CHANGE ME ACCORDING TO DATA
fields = ["First Name", "Last name", "Phone",
"Email", "Date of Birth", "Preferred Method of Contact",
"Desired Appointment Date", "Desired Appointment Time",
"City", "Location", "IP Address", "User-Agent","Referrer"]
records = a.split(line_sep * 2)
all_records = []
for record in records:
splitted_record = record.split(line_sep)
one_record = {}
csv_record = []
for f in fields:
found = False
for one_field in splitted_record:
if one_field.startswith(f):
data = one_field[len(f):].strip()
one_record[f] = data
csv_record.append(data)
found = True
if not found:
csv_record.append("")
all_records.append(";".join(csv_record))
one_record will have the record as dictionary and csv_record will have it as a list of fields (ordered as fields variable)
Edited to add: ignore this answer, the code from Koko Jumbo looks infinitely more sensible and actually gives you a CVS file at the end of it! It was a fun exercise though :)
Just to expand on fcagnola's code a bit.
If it's a quick and dirty one-off, and you know that the data will be consistently presented, the following should work to create a list of dictionaries with the correct key/value pairing. Each line is processed by splitting the line and comparing the line number (reset to 0 with each new dict) against an array of values that represent where the boundary between key and value falls.
For example, "First Name Bob" becomes ["First","Name","Bob"]. The function has been told that linenumber= 0 so it checks entries[linenumber] to get the value "2", which it uses to join the key name (items 0 & 1) and then join the data (items 2 onwards). The end result is ["First Name", "Bob"] which is then added to the dictionary.
class Extract:
def extractEntry(self,linedata,lineindex):
# Hardcoded list! The quick and dirty part.
# This is specific to the example data provided. The entries
# represent the index to be used when splitting the string
# between the key and the data
entries = (2,2,1,1,3,4,3,3,1,1,2,2,1)
return self.createNewEntry(linedata,entries[lineindex])
def createNewEntry(self,linedata,dataindex):
list_data = linedata.split()
key = " ".join(list_data[:dataindex])
data = " ".join(list_data[dataindex:])
return [key,data]
with open('test.txt', 'r') as f:
my_list = list() # this will be the final list
entry = dict() # this contains each user info as a dict
extr = Extract() # class for splitting the entries into key/value
x = 0
for line in f.readlines():
if line.strip() == "": # if line is empty start a new dict
my_list.append(entry) # and append the old one to the list
entry = dict()
x = 0
else: # otherwise split the line and create new dict
extracted_data = extr.extractEntry(line,x)
entry[extracted_data[0]] = extracted_data[1]
x += 1
my_list.append(entry)
print(my_list)
I have three files which are users.dat, ratings.dat and movies.dat.
users.dat
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
1::F::1::10::48067
ratings.dat
1::1193::5::978300760
1::661::3::978302109
1::914::3::978301968
1::3408::4::978300275
1::2355::5::978824291
1::1197::3::978302268
1::1287::5::978302039
1::2804::5::978300719
movied.dat
1193::One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)::Drama
661::James and the Giant Peach (1996)::Animation|Children's|Musical
914::My Fair Lady (1964)::Musical|Romance
3408::Erin Brockovich (2000)::Drama
2355::Bug's Life, A (1998)::Animation|Children's|Comedy
1197::Princess Bride, The (1987)::Action|Adventure|Comedy|Romance
1287::Ben-Hur (1959)::Action|Adventure|Drama
2804::Christmas Story, A (1983)::Comedy|Drama
My expected output
1::1193::5::978300760::F::1::10::48067::One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest::Drama::1975
1::661::3::978302109::F::1::10::48067::James and the Giant Peach::Animation|Children's|Musical::1996
1::914::3::978301968::F::1::10::48067::My Fair Lady ::Musical|Romance::1964
1::3408::4::978300275::F::1::10::48067::Erin Brockovich ::Drama::2000
1::2355::5::978824291::F::1::10::48067::Bug's Life, A ::Animation|Children's|Comedy::1998
I am trying to merge these files without using pandas. I created three dictionary. User id is a common key. Then, I tried to merge these three files using users keys. But, i did not merge exaclty what i want. Any advice and suggestions will be greatly appreciated
My code
import json
file = open("users.dat","r",encoding = 'utf-8')
users={}
for line in file:
x = line.split('::')
user_id=x[0]
gender=x[1]
age=x[2]
occupation=x[3]
i_zip=x[4]
users[user_id]=gender,age,occupation,i_zip.strip()
file = open("movies.dat","r",encoding='latin-1')
movies={}
for line in file:
x = line.split('::')
movie_id=x[0]
title=x[1]
genre=x[2]
movies[movie_id]=title,genre.strip()
file = open("ratings.dat","r")
ratings={}
for line in file:
x = line.split('::')
a=x[0]
b=x[1]
c=x[2]
d=x[3]
ratings[a]=b,c,d.strip()
newdict = {}
newdict.update(users)
newdict.update(movies)
newdict.update(ratings)
for i in users.keys():
addition = users[i] + movies[i]+ratings[i]
newdict[i] = addition
with open('data.txt', 'w') as outfile:
json.dump(newdict, outfile)
My output like this
{"1": ["F", "1", "10", "48067", "Toy Story (1995)", "Animation|Children's|Comedy", "1246", "4", "978302091"], "2": ["M", "56", "16", "70072", "Jumanji (1995)", "Adventure|Children's|Fantasy", "1247", "5", "978298652"],
First mistake in your code (apart from messed up indents) is that you make a dictionary out of ratings with user ID as a key:
ratings[a]=b,c,d.strip()
For your dataset, dictionary ratings will end up with value { '1': ('2804', '5', '978300719') }. So all but one rating would have been lost since you have only one user.
What you want to do instead is to treat your ratings data as a list, not a dictionary. And the result you are trying to achieve is also an extended version of the ratings, because you will end up with as many rows, as you have scores.
Secondly, you don't need json module, since your desired output is not in JSON format.
Here's a code that does the job:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Part 1: collect data from the files
users = {}
file = open("users.dat","r",encoding = 'utf-8')
for line in file:
user_id, gender, age, occupation, i_zip = line.rstrip().split('::')
users[user_id] = (gender, age, occupation, i_zip)
movies={}
file = open("movies.dat","r",encoding='latin-1')
for line in file:
movie_id, title, genre = line.rstrip().split('::')
# Parse year from title
title = title.rstrip()
year = 'N/A'
if title[-1]==')' and '(' in title:
short_title, in_parenthesis = title.rsplit('(', 1)
in_parenthesis = in_parenthesis.rstrip(')').rstrip()
if in_parenthesis.isdigit() and len(in_parenthesis)==4:
# Text in parenthesis has four digits - it must be year
title = short_title.rstrip()
year = in_parenthesis
movies[movie_id] = (title, genre, year)
ratings=[]
file = open("ratings.dat","r")
for line in file:
user_id, movie_id, score, dt = line.rstrip().split('::')
ratings.append((user_id, movie_id, score, dt))
# Part 2: save the output
file = open('output.dat','w',encoding='utf-8')
for user_id, movie_id, score, dt in ratings:
# Get user data from dictionary
gender, age, occupation, i_zip = users[user_id]
# Get movie data from dictionary
title, genre, year = movies[movie_id]
# Merge data into a single string
row = '::'.join([user_id, movie_id, score, dt,
gender, age, occupation, i_zip,
title, genre, year])
# Write to the file
file.write(row + '\n')
file.close()
Part 1 is based on your code, with the main differences that I save the ratings to a list (not dictionary) and that I added parsing of years.
Part 2 is where the output is being saved.
Contents of output.dat file after running the script:
1::1193::5::978300760::F::1::10::48067::One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest::Drama::1975
1::661::3::978302109::F::1::10::48067::James and the Giant Peach::Animation|Children's|Musical::1996
1::914::3::978301968::F::1::10::48067::My Fair Lady::Musical|Romance::1964
1::3408::4::978300275::F::1::10::48067::Erin Brockovich::Drama::2000
1::2355::5::978824291::F::1::10::48067::Bug's Life, A::Animation|Children's|Comedy::1998
1::1197::3::978302268::F::1::10::48067::Princess Bride, The::Action|Adventure|Comedy|Romance::1987
1::1287::5::978302039::F::1::10::48067::Ben-Hur::Action|Adventure|Drama::1959
1::2804::5::978300719::F::1::10::48067::Christmas Story, A::Comedy|Drama::1983
I have a requirement where in I need to convert my text files into csv and am using python for doing it. My text file looks like this ,
Employee Name : XXXXX
Employee Number : 12345
Age : 45
Hobbies: Tennis
Employee Name: xxx
Employee Number :123456
Hobbies : Football
I want my CSV file to have the column names as Employee Name, Employee Number , Age and Hobbies and when a particular value is not present it should have a value of NA in that particular place. Any simple solutions to do this? Thanks in advance
You can do something like this:
records = """Employee Name : XXXXX
Employee Number : 12345
Age : 45
Hobbies: Tennis
Employee Name: xxx
Employee Number :123456
Hobbies : Football"""
for record in records.split('Employee Name'):
fields = record.split('\n')
name = 'NA'
number = 'NA'
age = 'NA'
hobbies = 'NA'
for field in fields:
field_name, field_value = field.split(':')
if field_name == "": # This is employee name, since we split on it
name = field_value
if field_name == "Employee Number":
number = field_value
if field_name == "Age":
age = field_value
if field_name == "Hobbies":
hobbies = field_value
Of course, this method assumes that there is (at least) Employee Name field in every record.
Maybe this helps you get started? It's just the static output of the first employee data. You would now need to wrap this into some sort of iteration over the file. There is very very likely a more elegant solution, but this is how you would do it without a single import statement ;)
with open('test.txt', 'r') as f:
content = f.readlines()
output_line = "".join([line.split(':')[1].replace('\n',';').strip() for line in content[0:4]])
print(output_line)
I followed very simple steps for this and may not be optimal but solves the problem. Important case here I can see is there can be multiple keys ("Employee Name" etc) in single file.
Steps
Read txt file to list of lines.
convert list to dict(logic can be more improved or complex lambdas can be added here)
Simply use pandas to convert dict to csv
Below is the code,
import pandas
etxt_file = r"test.txt"
txt = open(txt_file, "r")
txt_string = txt.read()
txt_lines = txt_string.split("\n")
txt_dict = {}
for txt_line in txt_lines:
k,v = txt_line.split(":")
k = k.strip()
v = v.strip()
if txt_dict.has_key(k):
list = txt_dict.get(k)
else:
list = []
list.append(v)
txt_dict[k]=list
print pandas.DataFrame.from_dict(txt_dict, orient="index")
Output:
0 1
Employee Number 12345 123456
Age 45 None
Employee Name XXXXX xxx
Hobbies Tennis Football
I hope this helps.