I would like to create a "primary menu" programmatically, which I believe is also called a "hamburger menu". I have done several of these while working on web development side, but I have never done these using Python and GTK. This topic seems to be controversial and there are a lot of different solutions out there. I would like to create a menu like this using the non-deprecated way.
In the documentation is mentioned that the old style menus are deprecated (the whole section is archived under "deprecated"): https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/menus.html
In this example, the whole HeaderBar is made programmatically and a (popover) menu is added into it:
GtkMenuButton popups
While that seems to do the trick, it's not a "hamburger" menu and the documentation seems to suggest "Your menus should be defined in XML using Gio.Menu":
https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/application.html#menus
So I am quite lost here. Can someone give me an example how to achieve this? Preferably done programmatically, but if the XML is the only way then so be it.
Thanks in advance!
I don't have enough reputation to comment so I'll just put this here: you could use a GMenu: https://wiki.gnome.org/HowDoI/GMenu
I post my solution that I was able to do with the kind help from irc.gnome.org #python channel. It's not perfect, menu actions are still not working, but at least I got the menu done which was the point of this post.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Python imports
import sys
# GTK imports
import gi
gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
from gi.repository import Gio
from gi.repository import Gtk
class AppWindow(Gtk.ApplicationWindow):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.set_border_width(10)
self.set_default_size(640, 480)
open_selection = Gtk.ModelButton(action_name="open_file", label="Open")
about_selection = Gtk.ModelButton(action_name="about_application", label="About")
vbox = Gtk.Box(orientation=Gtk.Orientation.VERTICAL, margin=10, spacing=10)
vbox.add(open_selection)
vbox.add(about_selection)
vbox.show_all()
self.popover = Gtk.Popover()
self.popover.add(vbox)
self.popover.set_position(Gtk.PositionType.BOTTOM)
menu_button = Gtk.MenuButton(popover=self.popover)
menu_icon = Gtk.Image.new_from_icon_name("open-menu-symbolic", Gtk.IconSize.MENU)
menu_icon.show()
menu_button.add(menu_icon)
menu_button.show()
headerbar = Gtk.HeaderBar()
headerbar.props.show_close_button = True
headerbar.props.title = "Hamburger Menu Demo"
headerbar.add(menu_button)
headerbar.show()
self.set_titlebar(headerbar)
def open_file(self, widget):
print("Open file")
class Application(Gtk.Application):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, application_id="org.example.myapp")
self.window = None
def do_startup(self):
Gtk.Application.do_startup(self)
action = Gio.SimpleAction.new("open_file", None)
action.connect("activate", self.open_file)
action.set_enabled(True)
self.add_action(action)
action = Gio.SimpleAction.new("about_application", None)
action.connect("activate", self.on_about)
self.add_action(action)
action = Gio.SimpleAction.new("quit", None)
action.connect("activate", self.on_quit)
self.add_action(action)
def do_activate(self):
# We only allow a single window and raise any existing ones
if not self.window:
# Windows are associated with the application
# when the last one is closed the application shuts down
self.window = AppWindow(application=self, title="Main Window")
self.window.present()
def open_file(self, action, param):
print("Open file")
def on_about(self, action, param):
print("About application")
def on_quit(self, action, param):
self.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = Application()
app.run(sys.argv)
Related
I wrote a small application using python 3 and tkinter. Testing every widget, even though there are not many of them feels daunting so I wanted to write a couple of automated tests to simplify the process. I read some other question that seemed relevant to this problem but none fit my needs. Right now I'm doing the testing in a very simple manner - I invoke the command for every widget and manually click through it to see if it works. It does make things a bit faster, but I constantly run into some problems - i.e. I can't automatically close popup windows (like showinfo) even with using libraries to simulate keyboard clicks (namely pynput). Is there an efficient approach for testing applications using tkinter?
Here is the code I use right now:
import tkinter as tkinter
import unittest
from mygui import MyGUI
class TKinterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.root = tkinter.Tk()
def tearDown(self):
if self.root:
self.root.destroy()
def test_enter(self):
v = MyGUI(self.root)
v.info_button.invoke()
v.close_button.invoke()
v.btnOut.invoke()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
I don't know much about unittest but I found a workaround to close popup dialogs like showinfo during the tests. The idea is to use keyboard event to invoke the button of the dialog. But since the app is waiting for the user to close the popup dialog, we need to schedule in advance the keyboard event using after:
self.root.after(100, self.root.event_generate('<Return>'))
v.button.invoke()
Full example
import tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox
import unittest
class MyGUI(tkinter.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, **kw):
tkinter.Frame.__init__(self, master, **kw)
self.info_button = tkinter.Button(self, command=self.info_cmd, text='Info')
self.info_button.pack()
self.quit_button = tkinter.Button(self, command=self.quit_cmd, text='Quit')
self.quit_button.pack()
def info_cmd(self):
messagebox.showinfo('Info', master=self)
def quit_cmd(self):
confirm = messagebox.askokcancel('Quit?', master=self)
if confirm:
self.destroy()
class TKinterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.root = tkinter.Tk()
self.root.bind('<Key>', lambda e: print(self.root, e.keysym))
def tearDown(self):
if self.root:
self.root.destroy()
def test_enter(self):
v = MyGUI(self.root)
v.pack()
self.root.update_idletasks()
# info
v.after(100, lambda: self.root.event_generate('<Return>'))
v.info_button.invoke()
# quit
def cancel():
self.root.event_generate('<Tab>')
self.root.event_generate('<Return>')
v.after(100, cancel)
v.quit_button.invoke()
self.assertTrue(v.winfo_ismapped())
v.after(100, lambda: self.root.event_generate('<Return>'))
v.quit_button.invoke()
with self.assertRaises(tkinter.TclError):
v.winfo_ismapped()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
I have an application which has a main window, which can have multiple subwindows. I would like to have one set of QActions in the main window that interact with the currently selected window. For example, the application might be a text editor, and clicking file->save should save the text file the user is currently working on. Additionally, some QActions are checkable, so their checked state should reflect the state of the currently active window.
Here is a minimum working example that has the basic functionality I want, but I suspect there is a better way to do it (further discussion below the code).
import sys
import PyQt4.QtGui as QtGui
class DisplayWindow(QtGui.QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None, name="Main Window"):
# run the initializer of the class inherited from
super(DisplayWindow, self).__init__()
self.myLayout = QtGui.QFormLayout()
self.FooLabel = QtGui.QLabel(self)
self.FooLabel.setText(name)
self.myLayout.addWidget(self.FooLabel)
self.setLayout(self.myLayout)
self.is_foo = False
def toggle_foo(self):
self.is_foo = not self.is_foo
if self.is_foo:
self.FooLabel.setText('foo')
else:
self.FooLabel.setText('bar')
class WindowActionMain(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(WindowActionMain, self).__init__()
self.fooAction = QtGui.QAction('Foo', self)
self.fooAction.triggered.connect(self.set_foo)
self.fooAction.setCheckable(True)
menubar = self.menuBar()
fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
fileMenu.addAction(self.fooAction)
self.toolbar = self.addToolBar('File')
self.toolbar.addAction(self.fooAction)
self.centralZone = QtGui.QMdiArea()
self.centralZone.subWindowActivated.connect(
self.update_current_window)
self.setCentralWidget(self.centralZone)
self.create_dw("Window 1")
self.create_dw("Window 2")
def create_dw(self, name):
dw = DisplayWindow(name=name)
self.centralZone.addSubWindow(dw)
dw.show()
def update_current_window(self):
""" redirect future actions to affect the newly selected window,
and update checked statuses to reflect state of selected window"""
current_window = self.centralZone.activeSubWindow()
if current_window:
self.current_dw = self.centralZone.activeSubWindow().widget()
self.fooAction.setChecked(self.current_dw.is_foo)
def set_foo(self):
self.current_dw.toggle_foo()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = WindowActionMain()
ex.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
My actual version of DisplayWindow could be useful in many different projects, and I want to package it up so that you don't have to add a lot of code to the main window to use it. Therefore, DisplayWindow, all of its functionality and a list of available actions should be in one module, which would be imported in WindowActionMain's module. I should then be able to add more actions for DisplayWindow without changing any code in WindowActionMain. In particular, I don't want to have to write a little function like WindowActionMain.set_foo(self) just to redirect each action to the right place.
Yes, this is possible by handling the QMenu's aboutToShow signal
and considering the QGuiApplication's focusWindow (or however you get that in Qt4).
Example below shows a generic 'Window' menu acting on the frontmost window.
http://doc.qt.io/qt-4.8/qmenu.html#aboutToShow
http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qguiapplication.html#focusWindow
def on_windowMenu_aboutToShow(self):
self.windowMenu.clear()
self.newWindowAction = QtWidgets.QAction(self)
self.newWindowAction.setShortcut("Ctrl+n")
self.newWindowAction.triggered.connect(self.on_newWindowAction)
self.newWindowAction.setText("New Window")
self.windowMenu.addAction(self.newWindowAction)
self.windowMenu.addSeparator()
playerWindows = [w for w in self.topLevelWindows() if w.type()==QtCore.Qt.Window and w.isVisible()]
for i, w in enumerate(playerWindows):
def action(i,w):
a = QtWidgets.QAction(self)
a.setText("Show Window {num} - {title}".format(num=i+1, title=w.title()))
a.triggered.connect(lambda : w.requestActivate())
a.triggered.connect(lambda : w.raise_())
self.windowMenu.addAction(a)
action(i,w)
self.windowMenu.addSeparator()
self.closeWindowAction = QtWidgets.QAction(self)
self.closeWindowAction.setShortcut("Ctrl+w")
self.closeWindowAction.triggered.connect(lambda : self.focusWindow().close())
self.closeWindowAction.setText("Close")
self.windowMenu.addAction(self.closeWindowAction)
I want to dive in Python by building a simple browser-application. I've mad a minimalistic webkitbrowser with a tutorial and now want to extend the program, but I'm stuck at some tiny problems I cannot solve.
Python 3.3.3
using Glade for the UI
The first step is to simply add a second scrolledWindow in which the developer-tools should load, immediately.
Here is my .ui-file so far, and this is the python-code:
from gi.repository import Gtk, WebKit
UI_FILE = "browser.ui"
class Browser:
"""A simple Webkit-Browser in GTK+"""
def __init__(self):
self.builder = Gtk.Builder()
self.builder.add_from_file(UI_FILE)
self.builder.connect_signals(self)
self.back = self.builder.get_object("back")
self.forward = self.builder.get_object("forward")
self.adress = self.builder.get_object("adress")
self.webview = WebKit.WebView()
scrolled_window = self.builder.get_object("scrolledwindow")
scrolled_window.add(self.webview)
self.settings = WebKit.WebSettings()
self.settings.set_property('enable-developer-extras', True)
self.webview.set_settings(self.settings)
self.devtools = WebKit.WebInspector()
scrolled_window_dev = self.builder.get_object("scrolledwindowDev")
scrolled_window_dev.add(self.devtools)
^^^^^
self.webview.connect("title-changed", self.on_title_changed)
self.window = self.builder.get_object("window")
self.window.show_all()
def on_title_changed(self, webview, frame, title):
self.window.set_title(title)
def on_button_clicked(self, button):
if button.get_stock_id() == Gtk.STOCK_GO_FORWARD:
self.webview.go_forward()
elif button.get_stock_id() == Gtk.STOCK_GO_BACK:
self.webview.go_back()
def on_entry_activate(self, widget):
url = widget.get_text()
if not "http://" in url:
url = "http://"+url
self.webview.load_uri(url)
def destroy(self, window):
Gtk.main_quit()
def main():
app = Browser()
Gtk.main()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
I get the error
TypeError: argument widget: Expected Gtk.Widget, but got
gi.repository.WebKit.WebInspector
Okay, this is stated in the reference of Webkit, that WebInspector is a GObject and not a GtkWidget. But I don't know what to do now.
So, can I make a GtkWidget from a GObject (if yes - how) or should I attach the dev-tools in a complete different way?
The inspector, as you noted, isn't a widget. It's a web page, so you need to create another webview for it. You do this by getting self.window.props.web_inspector (don't create a new inspector) and connecting to its inspect-web-view signal. Inside that signal handler, you need to create a new webview, add that webview to a window or wherever you want to display it, and return it.
You'll probably also want to handle the show-window, attach-window, detach-window, and close-window signals.
More documentation here: inspect-web-view
Example of running Inspector in separate window. Webkit-gtk.
This gist without many signals connected.
https://gist.github.com/alex-eri/53518825b2a8a50dd1695c69ee5058cc
I'm writing a GUI and I'm trying to make a login screen before my main GUI screen but i cant figure out the right way to do this
First i tried to structure it like this:
class GUI(wx.Frame):
#GUI
def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
state = 1
if state ==1:
#Login screen code
elif state == 2:
#Main Screen code
But that didn't work nothing popped up
So i tried creating a whole different smaller window that pops up before the main window but couldn't get that to work
So my question is how can i make a login screen for my GUI correctly
Thank You!!
Here's how I open a Preferences window on first-launch for GooeyPi: My PyInstaller GUI front-end. This can easily be adapted to have a password dialog or frame. I separate out into two functions: check if the user has setup preferences, and open the preferences window. This allows them to change preferences later. I use ShowModal to prevent the user from using the application until they are set.
class GooeyPi(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(GooeyPi, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.InitUI()
self.SetSize((460,350))
self.SetTitle('GooeyPi - PyInstaller GUI')
self.Show()
self.CheckFirstRun() # Checks for first run here.
.....
def CheckFirstRun(self):
config = controller.getConfig()
if config['pyidir'] == '':
...
self.OnPreferences(None)
....
def OnPreferences(self, e):
prefdlg = pref.Preferences(None, title='Edit Preferneces')
prefdlg.ShowModal()
prefdlg.Destroy()
and pref.Preferences is definied in a separate module:
class Preferences(wx.Dialog):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
super(Preferences, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
self.InitUI()
self.SetSize((380,290))
self.SetTitle("Preferences")
def InitUI(self):
you_get_the_idea...
I recommend using the builtin wx.PasswordEntryDialog and something as simple as Showing or Hiding the main window based on the entry from the password dialog. You could even put the wx.PasswordEntryDialog in a while loop. Something like (untested)
self.Hide()
password = "a passphrase"
entered_password = None
while entered_password != password:
dialog = wx.PasswordEntryDialog(self, "Enter the password", "Please enter the password")
ret_value = dialog.ShowModal()
if ret_value == wx.ID_OK:
entered_password = dialog.GetValue()
else:
self.Close(True)
dialog.Destroy()
# self.Show()
I have a login screen dialog written using pyqt and python and it shows a dialog pup up when it runs and you can type in a certin username and password to unlock it basicly. It's just something simple I made in learning pyqt. I'm trying to take and use it somewhere else but need to know if there is a way to prevent someone from using the x button and closing it i would like to also have it stay on top of all windows so it cant be moved out of the way? Is this possible? I did some research and couldn't find anything that could help me.
Edit:
as requested here is the code:
from PyQt4 import QtGui
class Test(QtGui.QDialog):
def __init__(self):
QtGui.QDialog.__init__(self)
self.textUsername = QtGui.QLineEdit(self)
self.textPassword = QtGui.QLineEdit(self)
self.loginbuton = QtGui.QPushButton('Test Login', self)
self.loginbuton.clicked.connect(self.Login)
layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)
layout.addWidget(self.textUsername)
layout.addWidget(self.textPassword)
layout.addWidget(self.loginbuton)
def Login(self):
if (self.textUsername.text() == 'Test' and
self.textPassword.text() == 'Password'):
self.accept()
else:
QtGui.QMessageBox.warning(
self, 'Wrong', 'Incorrect user or password')
class Window(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
if Test().exec_() == QtGui.QDialog.Accepted:
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
Bad news first, it is not possible to remove the close button from the window, based on the Riverbank mailing system
You can't remove/disable close button because its handled by the
window manager, Qt can't do anything there.
Good news, you can override and ignore, so that when the user sends the event, you can ignore or put a message or something.
Read this article for ignoring the QCloseEvent
Also, take a look at this question, How do I catch a pyqt closeEvent and minimize the dialog instead of exiting?
Which uses this:
class MyDialog(QtGui.QDialog):
# ...
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(MyDialog, self).__init__(parent)
# when you want to destroy the dialog set this to True
self._want_to_close = False
def closeEvent(self, evnt):
if self._want_to_close:
super(MyDialog, self).closeEvent(evnt)
else:
evnt.ignore()
self.setWindowState(QtCore.Qt.WindowMinimized)
You can disable the window buttons in PyQt5.
The key is to combine it with "CustomizeWindowHint",
and exclude the ones you want to be disabled.
Example:
#exclude "QtCore.Qt.WindowCloseButtonHint" or any other window button
self.setWindowFlags(
QtCore.Qt.Window |
QtCore.Qt.CustomizeWindowHint |
QtCore.Qt.WindowTitleHint |
QtCore.Qt.WindowMinimizeButtonHint
)
Result with QDialog:
Reference: https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qt.html#WindowType-enum
Tip: if you want to change flags of the current window, use window.show()
after window.setWindowFlags,
because it needs to refresh it, so it calls window.hide().
Tested with QtWidgets.QDialog on:
Windows 10 x32,
Python 3.7.9,
PyQt5 5.15.1
.
I don't know if you want to do this but you can also make your window frameless. To make window frameless you can set the window flag equal to QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint