Develop Reference

How to update blitted text's text?

I'm trying to make a Cookie Clicker type game using PyGame, but when I use this bit of code:
def display(thing: pygame.Surface, where: tuple=(0, 0), center=False):
WIN.blit(thing, where if center == False else thing.get_rect(center = (WIN.get_width() // 2, WIN.get_height() // 2)))
def font(font: pygame.font.Font, text: str, colour: tuple=(255, 255, 255)):
return font.render(text, False, colour)
def main():
cookies = 0
cps = 1
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
tim = time.time()
run = True
while run:
clock.tick(FPS)
if time.time() - tim > 1:
tim = time.time()
cookies += cps
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
t = font(CFONT64, f"{cookies} Cookies")
display(t, t.get_rect(center = (WIN.get_width() // 2, WIN.get_height() * .07)))
pygame.display.update()
quitPy()
(not full code)
It'll do this:
and overlap the text when it next updates.
How do I clear the text/change the text?

Everything that is drawn is drawn on the target Surface. The entire scene has to be redrawn in each frame. Therefore, the display must be cleared at the beginning of each frame in the application loop:
while run:
# [...]
# clear display
WIN.fill((0, 0, 0))
# draw scene
display(t, t.get_rect(center = (WIN.get_width() // 2, WIN.get_height() * .07)))
# update disaply
pygame.display.update()

How to create and move 2 or more objects simultaneously

I was trying to create a function that will load an image and move the image downwards while loading another image and still moving with the same speed as the first. But I don't know how to do it, all I can do for now is to load the next image when the y coordinate of the first is at 500
def aliens():
s = 0
i = "345678"
c = 1
b = int("".join(random.sample(i, c)))
h = 1
while h < 2:
while s <= b:
alien = pygame.image.load("ali.jpg")
alien = pygame.transform.scale(alien, (100, 100))
pos = "0123456789"
l = 3
x = int("".join(random.sample(pos, l)))
y = 0
if x > 500:
h = 3
crash = False
s +=1
while not crash :
scn.blit(alien, (x, y))
y +=2
pygame.display.flip()
if y > 500:
crash = True

The core of your problem is the fact that you are trying to do too many things in the same function. Try to follow the SRP (Single Responsability Principle).
Personnally I would use OOP (Object Oriented Programming) here but I don't know if you are familar with the concept, so first let's stick to the basics.
Here is how I would separate things up, if I wasn't allowed to use OOP:
First I would define two constants:
ALIEN_SIZE = 100
ALIEN_IMG = pg.image.load("green_square.png").convert()
ALIEN_IMG = pg.transform.scale(ALIEN_IMG, (ALIEN_SIZE, ALIEN_SIZE))
Since you are always using the same values, there is no need to load your image all the time. Loading your image just once will have a very positive impact on game's performances.
(Note that I used a diffrent image since you did not provide the image you use but feel free to put the link to your image back)
Then I would define an alien list:
aliens = []
I don't know how you plan to spawn aliens in your project ? For this example I used a custom event with a timer:
# Custom event
SPAWN_ALIEN = pg.USEREVENT
pg.time.set_timer(SPAWN_ALIEN, 2000)
# This function handles all pygame events
def handle_evt():
for evt in pg.event.get():
if evt.type == pg.QUIT:
exit()
if evt.type == SPAWN_ALIEN:
spawn_alien()
# This function spawns an alien
def spawn_alien():
pos = [rd.randint(0, screen.get_width() - ALIEN_SIZE), 0]
aliens.append(pos)
To make aliens move, I use a update() function:
# update aliens position and check if they leave the screen
def update():
for alien in aliens:
move_alien(alien)
if out_of_screen(alien):
kill_alien(alien)
# This function update alien's y position
def move_alien(alien):
alien[1]+=1
# This function remove the given alien from the aliens list
def kill_alien(alien):
aliens.remove(alien)
# This function returns True if the given position is outside screen's boundries
def out_of_screen(pos):
x, y = pos
if x < 0 or x > screen.get_width():
return True
elif y < 0 or y > screen.get_height():
return True
return False
Finally to render things :
def draw():
# Clear screen
screen.fill((0,0,0))
# Draw aliens
for alien in aliens:
screen.blit(ALIEN_IMG, alien)
Here is the full code, so you can see how everything is interacting :
# General imports
import pygame as pg
import random as rd
import sys
# Init
pg.init()
# Vars & consts
screen = pg.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pg.display.set_caption("Example")
FPS = 60
clock = pg.time.Clock()
ALIEN_SIZE = 100
ALIEN_IMG = pg.image.load("green_square.png").convert()
ALIEN_IMG = pg.transform.scale(ALIEN_IMG, (ALIEN_SIZE, ALIEN_SIZE))
# Custom event
SPAWN_ALIEN = pg.USEREVENT
pg.time.set_timer(SPAWN_ALIEN, 2000)
# Main functions
def update():
for alien in aliens:
move_alien(alien)
if out_of_screen(alien):
kill_alien(alien)
def draw():
# Clear screen
screen.fill((0,0,0))
# Draw aliens
for alien in aliens:
screen.blit(ALIEN_IMG, alien)
def handle_evt():
for evt in pg.event.get():
if evt.type == pg.QUIT:
exit()
if evt.type == SPAWN_ALIEN:
spawn_alien()
def exit():
pg.quit()
sys.exit()
# Other functions
def spawn_alien():
pos = [rd.randint(0, screen.get_width() - ALIEN_SIZE), 0]
aliens.append(pos)
def move_alien(alien):
alien[1]+=1
def kill_alien(alien):
aliens.remove(alien)
def out_of_screen(pos):
x, y = pos
if x < 0 or x > screen.get_width():
return True
elif y < 0 or y > screen.get_height():
return True
return False
# Main loop
if __name__ == '__main__':
aliens = []
spawn_alien()
while True:
handle_evt()
update()
draw()
clock.tick(FPS)
pg.display.flip()
And just in case, here is an OOP approach :
# General imports
import pygame as pg
import random as rd
import sys
# Init
pg.init()
# Vars
screen = pg.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pg.display.set_caption("Example")
FPS = 60
clock = pg.time.Clock()
# Class
class Alien():
LIST = []
SIZE = 100
IMG = pg.image.load("green_square.png").convert()
IMG = pg.transform.scale(IMG, (SIZE, SIZE))
def __init__(self, screen_width):
self.img = Alien.IMG
self.pos = (rd.randint(0, screen_width - Alien.SIZE), 0)
# Add alien to the list
Alien.LIST.append(self)
def move(self):
x, y = self.pos
self.pos = (x, y+1)
def has_crashed(self, boundries):
x, y = self.pos
if x < 0 or x > boundries[0]:
return True
elif y < 0 or y > boundries[1]:
return True
return False
def kill(self):
Alien.LIST.remove(self)
# Custom event
SPAWN_ALIEN = pg.USEREVENT
pg.time.set_timer(SPAWN_ALIEN, 2000)
# Main functions
def update():
for alien in Alien.LIST:
alien.move()
if alien.has_crashed(screen.get_size()):
alien.kill()
def draw():
# Clear screen
screen.fill((0,0,0))
# Draw aliens
for alien in Alien.LIST:
screen.blit(alien.img, alien.pos)
def handle_evt():
for evt in pg.event.get():
if evt.type == pg.QUIT:
exit()
if evt.type == SPAWN_ALIEN:
spawn_alien()
def exit():
pg.quit()
sys.exit()
# Other functions
def spawn_alien():
Alien(screen.get_width())
# Main loop
if __name__ == '__main__':
while True:
handle_evt()
update()
draw()
clock.tick(FPS)
pg.display.flip()
I hope all those informations can help you solve your problem. It's hard to know if this, really is the behavior you wanted for your aliens. That's because your variables names are not exactly explicit. One letter variable names are rarely a good idea. But anyway even if you need them to move a little diffrently, you can take inspiration of this code organization.
Have fun !

Having an image appear multiple times Pygame

I have a single battery image appearing once here and it moves from right to left then goes away. I want batteries constantly coming and going until the player hits one of them.
My question is how do I get the batteries to keep on coming until a player hits it? I want them to appear maybe 100 units apart.
from pygame import *
import os
import random
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_WINDOW_POS'] = "%d, %d" %(0, 0)
init()
#set screen size
size = width, height = 800, 600
screen = display.set_mode(size)
#set fonts
fontGame=font.SysFont("Times New Roman", 30)
fontBack=font.SysFont("Ariel", 30)
fontTitle=font.SysFont("Ariel", 100)
fontResearch=font.SysFont ("Times New Roman", 18)
#set button and page to 0
button = 0
page=0
#setting colours
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255,0,0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (106,186,232)
#loading image
backgroundPic=image.load("Background.jpg")
backgroundGame=image.load("gameBackground.jpg")
backgroundGame=transform.scale(backgroundGame,(800,600))
battery=image.load("Battery.png")
battery=transform.scale(battery,(100,100))
backgroundx=0
playerPic=image.load("player.png")
playerPic=transform.scale(playerPic,(70,70))
batteryx=[]
#defining what is going to be shown on the screen
def drawScene(screen, button,page,locationx,locationy):
global batteryx
mx, my = mouse.get_pos() #will get where the mouse is
#if the user does nothing
if page==0:
draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (0,0, width, height))
screen.fill(BLACK)
rel_backgroundx= backgroundx % backgroundGame.get_rect().width
screen.blit(backgroundGame, (rel_backgroundx - backgroundGame.get_rect().width,0))
if rel_backgroundx < width:
screen.blit (backgroundGame, (rel_backgroundx,0))
screen.blit(playerPic,(locationx,locationy))
screen.blit(battery,(batteryx,420))
batteryx-=1
display.flip()
return page
#def collision (battery, playerPic):
#if battery.colliderect(playerPic):
#return True
#return False
running = True
myClock = time.Clock()
KEY_LEFT= False
KEY_RIGHT= False
KEY_UP= False
KEY_DOWN= False
locationx=0
jumping=False
accel=20
onGround= height-150
locationy=onGround
batteryx=random.randrange(50,width,10)
# Game Loop
while running:
button=0
print (KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT)
for evnt in event.get(): # checks all events that happen
if evnt.type == QUIT:
running=False
if evnt.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mx,my=evnt.pos
button = evnt.button
if evnt.type== KEYDOWN:
if evnt.key==K_LEFT:
KEY_LEFT= True
KEY_RIGHT= False
if evnt.key==K_RIGHT:
KEY_RIGHT= True
KEY_LEFT= False
if evnt.key==K_UP and jumping==False:
jumping=True
accel=20
if evnt.key== K_DOWN:
KEY_DOWN= True
KEY_UP= False
if evnt.type==KEYUP:
if evnt.key==K_LEFT:
KEY_LEFT= False
if evnt.key==K_RIGHT:
KEY_RIGHT= False
if evnt.key==K_DOWN:
KEY_DOWN=False
if KEY_LEFT== True:
locationx-=10
backgroundx+=10
if KEY_RIGHT== True:
locationx+=10
backgroundx-=10
if jumping==True:
locationy-=accel
accel-=1
if locationy>=onGround:
jumping=False
locationy=onGround
#player cannot move off screen
if locationx<0:
locationx=0
if locationx>400:
locationx=400
#if collision(battery, playerPic)==True:
#screen.fill(BLACK)
page=drawScene(screen,button,page,locationx,locationy)
myClock.tick(60) # waits long enough to have 60 fps
if page==6: #if last button is clicked program closes
running=False
quit()

Create a list of rects which serve as the positions of the batteries. Use for loops to update the rects and blit the battery image at the rects. Remove rects that have left the screen and append new rects to create new batteries
import pygame as pg
pg.init()
screen = pg.display.set_mode((640, 480))
clock = pg.time.Clock()
BG_COLOR = pg.Color('gray12')
battery_image = pg.Surface((30, 50))
battery_image.fill(pg.Color('sienna1'))
# Append pygame.Rect objects to this list.
batteries = []
batteries.append(battery_image.get_rect(topleft=(700, 100)))
battery_speed = -5
battery_timer = 40
done = False
while not done:
for event in pg.event.get():
if event.type == pg.QUIT:
done = True
# A simple frame based timer.
battery_timer -= 1
if battery_timer <= 0:
battery_timer = 40
# After 40 frames a new rect gets appended to the list.
batteries.append(battery_image.get_rect(topleft=(700, 100)))
temp_list = []
# Iterate over the rects to update them.
for battery_rect in batteries:
battery_rect.x += battery_speed
# Rects with x <= 50 won't be appended to the temp_list.
if battery_rect.x > 50:
temp_list.append(battery_rect)
# Assign the list with the remaining rects to the batteries variable.
batteries = temp_list
# Blit everything.
screen.fill(BG_COLOR)
for battery_rect in batteries:
screen.blit(battery_image, battery_rect)
pg.display.flip()
clock.tick(30)
pg.quit()

Pygame Rectangle and Mouse pos Collidepoint not working

I'm making a basic game where I have a surface and everytime I click on the surface it moves 5 pixels to the right. The program is working just fine without the checkCollide(event) function, but when I put the that condition it doesn't move. What is wrong?
My code until now is this
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((300,300))
def checkCollide(event):
k = 0
a,b = event.pos
x = P1[0].get_rect()
if x.collidepoint(a,b):
return True
return False
CP1 = [(150, 150)
,(155, 150)
,(160, 150)
,(165, 150)
,(170, 150)
,(175, 150)
,(180, 150)
,(185, 150)
,(190, 150)]
statp1_1 = 0
WHITE = (255,255,255)
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
while True: # the main game loop
P1 = [pygame.image.load('PAzul.png'),CP1[statp1_1],statp1_1]
DISPLAYSURF.blit(P1[0], P1[1])
e = pygame.event.get()
for event in e:
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
a = checkCollide(event)
if a:
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
statp1_1 +=1
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
Thank you

Check your logic in these lines of your function:
x = P1[0][0].get_rect()
if x.collidepoint(a,b):
return True
return False
Your code hinges on this bit:
a = checkCollide(event)
if a:
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
So you're never evaluating this piece to be true.

I just realized what was wrong. When I do x = P1[0].get_rect() it creates a surface with topleft at (0,0).
What I needed to do was change the position of the rectangle using x.topleft = P1[1]

I've got some tips for you. First store the rect in the P1 list (it contains only the image and the rect in the following example, but maybe you could also add the statp1_1 index to it). Now we can just move this rect, if the user clicks on it (in the example I set the topleft attribute to the next point). Read the comments for some more tips. One thing you need to fix is to prevent the game from crashing when the statp1_1 index gets too big.
import sys
import pygame
pygame.init()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
# Don't load images in your while loop, otherwise they have to
# be loaded again and again from your hard drive.
# Also, convert loaded images to improve the performance.
P1_IMAGE = pygame.image.load('PAzul.png').convert() # or .convert_alpha()
# Look up `list comprehension` if you don't know what this is.
CP1 = [(150+x, 150) for x in range(0, 41, 5)]
statp1_1 = 0
# Now P1 just contains the image and the rect which stores the position.
P1 = [P1_IMAGE, P1_IMAGE.get_rect(topleft=CP1[statp1_1])]
clock = pygame.time.Clock() # Use this clock to limit the frame rate.
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
if P1[1].collidepoint(event.pos):
print('clicked')
statp1_1 += 1
# Set the rect.topleft attribute to CP1[statp1_1].
P1[1].topleft = CP1[statp1_1]
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(P1[0], P1[1]) # Blit image at rect.topleft.
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(30) # Limit frame rate to 30 fps.

I get an incorrect position from .get_rect()?

I'm currently working on a school project where I'm making a "hexcells" similar game in pygame and now I'm trying to blit an a new image if the user has clicked a current image. It will blit an image in the top left area, if clicked in the top left area, but not if I click any of the existing images. I told the program to print the coordinates from the images with help of the .get_rect() function, but it remains the same whereever I click and the coordinates aren't even where a image is. Can someone help me understand how this works and help me blit the new images on top of the existing images? Code below is not the entire document, however there is so much garbage/trash/unused code so I'd thought I spare you the time of looking at irrelevant code. Also sorry if the formatting is wrong or the information isn't enough, I tried my best.
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
#Magic numbers
fps = 30
winW = 640
winH = 480
boxSize = 40
gapSize = 75
boardW = 3
boardH = 3
xMargin = int((winW - (boardW * (boxSize + gapSize))) / 2)
yMargin = int((winW - (boardW * (boxSize + gapSize))) / 2)
#Lil bit o' color R G B
NAVYBLUE = ( 60, 60, 100)
correctCords = [[175,275,375],[375,275,175]]
bgColor = NAVYBLUE
unC = pygame.image.load("unC.png")
cor = pygame.image.load("correct.png")
inc = pygame.image.load("wrong.png")
correct = "Correct"
inCorrect = "Incorrect"
def main():
global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF
pygame.init()
FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((winW, winH))
mousex = 0 #stores x-coordinate of mouse event
mousey = 0 #stores y-coordinate of mouse event
pygame.display.set_caption("Branches")
DISPLAYSURF.fill(bgColor)
gridGame(inCorrect, correct,gapSize,xMargin,yMargin,boxSize)
while True:
mouseClicked = False
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYUP and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
mousex,mousey = event.pos
elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
mousex, mousey = event.pos
pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
mouseClicked = True
unCa = unC.get_rect()
corA = cor.get_rect()
print unCa
print corA
print pos
if unCa.collidepoint(pos):
DISPLAYSURF.blit(cor,(mousey,mousex))
"""lada = unC.get_rect()
lada =
if mousex and mousey == lada:
for x in correctCords:
for y in x:
for z in x:
if mousey and mousex == z and y:
DISPLAYSURF.blit(cor,(mousey,mousex))
print lada"""
pygame.display.update()
FPSCLOCK.tick(fps)
def gridGame(inCorrect, correct,gapSize,xMargin,yMargin,boxSize):
grid = []
cordX = []
cordY = []
correctRecs = []
#cordinates = []
#cordinates.append([])
#cordinates.append([])
#cordinates.append([])
#this is basically getBoard() all over again
#This part will arrange the actual backend grid
for row in range(3):
grid.append([])
#cordinates[0].append(gapSize+(row+1)*100)
#cordinates[1].append(gapSize+(row+1)*100)
#cordinates[2].append(gapSize+(row+1)*100)
for column in range(3):
grid[row].append(inCorrect)
for row in range(3):
cordX.append([])
for column in range(3):
cordX[row].append(gapSize+(row+1)*100)
for row in range(3):
cordY.append([])
for column in range(3):
cordY[row].append(gapSize+(column+1)*100)
#print cordX[0][0], cordY[0][0]
grid[0][2] = correct
grid[1][1] = correct
grid[2][0] = correct
#Y-AXEL SKRIVS FoRST ([Y][X])
#print cordinates[2][1]
DISPLAYSURF.blit(cor,(100,100))
#Let's draw it as well
for row in range(3):
for column in range(3):
DISPLAYSURF.blit(unC,(gapSize+(row+1)*100,gapSize+(column+1)*100))
main()
Also real sorry about the horrible variable naming and occasional swedish comments.

unCa = unC.get_rect() gives you only image size - so use it only once at start (before while True) - and later use the same unCa all the time to keep image position and change it.
btw: better use more readable names - like unC_rect
ie.
# move 10 pixel to the right
unC_rect.x += 10
# set new position
unC_rect.x = 10
unC_rect.right = 100
unC_rect.topleft = (10, 200)
unC_rect.center = (10, 200)
# center on screen
unC_rect.center = DISPLAYSURF.get_rect().center
etc.
And then use this rect to blit image
blit(unC, unC_rect)
and check collision with other rect
if unC_rect.colliderect(other_rect):
or with point - like mouse position
elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
if unC_rect.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
hover = True
# shorter
elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
hover = unC_rect.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):