I have a script that I wrote in Google Collab, and I'm installing the Geopandas, pandas, and descartes packages using !pip install [package] at the top of the script. However, when I run this script from the command line (I open the Terminal in Anaconda), I get a syntax error.
In normal Python, packages are installed by typing:
pip install <pkg_name>
into either PowerShell, Command Prompt or any other shells you have. Pure Python does not support installation via the code script
However, you could in theory write code that runs the shell commands to install the packages, something like the following:
import subprocess
package_names = ['geopandas', 'pandas', 'descartes']
for pkg in package_names:
try:
process = subprocess.run(
['python', '-m', 'pip', 'install', pkg],
shell=True, check=True, text=True,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
)
print(process)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(e.returncode, e.stderr, e.output)
But as you can see, it isn't the simplest code any is extremely bad practise as it does not take into account any environments or cleanliness of the package installations. It is better to create a virtual environment in your project folder and install the dependencies there
cd %userprofile%\path\to\project\folder
py -m venv .\project-env
.\project-env\scripts\activate.bat
pip install geopandas pandas descartes
pip freeze > .\requirements.txt
The above (in Windows Command Prompt, aka cmd.exe) will create a virtual environment, which means that all packages are isolated for that project, which will ensure there are no dependency conflicts, then activate the venv. It will then install the packages and write a requirements file that you can ship with your code
I hope this helps, good luck :D
Related
This is pretty straightforward to activate a virtualenv from powershell of Windows, by ./venv/Scripts/activate command, or with an absolute path like below:
But when I want to execute the same command from a Python script that executes commands in powershell, virtualenv doesn't activate and I can't run pip install something commands inside virtualenv. It means that I can't add packages or even upgrade pip inside virtualenv (Surely because it's not activated correctly).
Note
I'm confident about the implementation of the code because it works clearly for other commands. The only problem might be with C:/temp/venv/Scripts/activate command sent to powershell. Looking for some command like source in Linux to activate that virtualenv.
Here is my code:
installer.py script: runs different commands inside powershell with subprocess, and returns the result.
# installer.py
class Installer:
def run(command):
# Some code here
proc = subprocess.Popen(
[ 'powershell.exe', command ],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
)
# Some code here
install.py script: sends commands to the Installer class
# install.py
from installer import Installer
installer = Installer()
installer.run('C:/temp/venv/Scripts/activate')
SOLUTION
Turned out I didn't need to activate virtualenv. I could easily run pip install commands with following command sent to subprocess:
installer.run('C:/temp/venv/Scripts/python.exe -m pip install somepackage')
I have the following requirements.txt file :
beautifulsoup4=4.8.2==py37_0
urllib3=1.25.8=py37_0
pyopenssl=19.1.0=py37_0
openssl=1.1.1d=h1de35cc_4
pandas=1.0.1=py37h6c726b0_0
tqdm=4.42.1=py_0
I need to install all these packages, or make sure they are installed from within a python script. How can I accomplish this ?
Use the following:
import subprocess
import sys
command = [
sys.executable,
'-m',
'pip',
'install',
'--requirement',
'requirements.txt',
]
subprocess.check_call(command)
It is very important to use sys.executable to get the path to the current running Python interpreter and use it with -m pip (executable module) to make 100% sure that pip installs for that particular interpreter. Indeed calling just pip (script) delivers absolutely no guarantee as to what Python interpreter will be called, pip could be associated with any Python interpreter on the system.
Additionally subprocess.check_call ensures that an error is raised if the process does not end successfully (i.e. the installation didn't succeed).
Advice such as the following is unreliable, if not dangerous:
os.system('pip install -r requirements.txt')
References:
https://snarky.ca/why-you-should-use-python-m-pip/
https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#using-pip-from-your-program
Installing python module within code
https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.check_call
One way can be like this:
import os
import sys
os.system(f'{sys.executable} -m pip install -r requirements.txt') #take care for path of file
More controls (and corner case handlings) over calling the command can be taken by subprocess as #sinoroc said, and in docs too.
One command that docs suggest is:
subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', 'my_package'])
which is a wrapper over subprocess.call.
You can run the command pip install -r requirements.txt when in the same directory as the txt file
Or in python using
import os
os.system ('pip install -r path/to/requirements.txt')
I'm trying to use pip to install a package. I try to run pip install from the Python shell, but I get a SyntaxError. Why do I get this error? How do I use pip to install the package?
>>> pip install selenium
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
pip is run from the command line, not the Python interpreter. It is a program that installs modules, so you can use them from Python. Once you have installed the module, then you can open the Python shell and do import selenium.
The Python shell is not a command line, it is an interactive interpreter. You type Python code into it, not commands.
Use the command line, not the Python shell (DOS, PowerShell in Windows).
C:\Program Files\Python2.7\Scripts> pip install XYZ
If you installed Python into your PATH using the latest installers, you don't need to be in that folder to run pip
Terminal in Mac or Linux
$ pip install XYZ
As #sinoroc suggested correct way of installing a package via pip is using separate process since pip may cause closing a thread or may require a restart of interpreter to load new installed package so this is the right way of using the API: subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', 'SomeProject']) but since Python allows to access internal API and you know what you're using the API for you may want to use internal API anyway eg. if you're building own GUI package manager with alternative resourcess like https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/
Following soulution is OUT OF DATE, instead of downvoting suggest updates. see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498 for reference.
UPDATE: Since pip version 10.x there is no more get_installed_distributions() or main method under import pip instead use import pip._internal as pip.
UPDATE ca. v.18 get_installed_distributions() has been removed. Instead you may use generator freeze like this:
from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
print([package for package in freeze()])
# eg output ['pip==19.0.3']
If you want to use pip inside the Python interpreter, try this:
import pip
package_names=['selenium', 'requests'] #packages to install
pip.main(['install'] + package_names + ['--upgrade'])
# --upgrade to install or update existing packages
If you need to update every installed package, use following:
import pip
for i in pip.get_installed_distributions():
pip.main(['install', i.key, '--upgrade'])
If you want to stop installing other packages if any installation fails, use it in one single pip.main([]) call:
import pip
package_names = [i.key for i in pip.get_installed_distributions()]
pip.main(['install'] + package_names + ['--upgrade'])
Note: When you install from list in file with -r / --requirement parameter you do NOT need open() function.
pip.main(['install', '-r', 'filename'])
Warning: Some parameters as simple --help may cause python interpreter to stop.
Curiosity: By using pip.exe you actually use python interpreter and pip module anyway. If you unpack pip.exe or pip3.exe regardless it's python 2.x or 3.x, inside is the SAME single file __main__.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())
To run pip in Python 3.x, just follow the instructions on Python's page: Installing Python Modules.
python -m pip install SomePackage
Note that this is run from the command line and not the python shell (the reason for syntax error in the original question).
I installed python and when I run pip command it used to throw me an error like shown in pic below.
Make Sure pip path is added in environmental variables. For me, the python and pip installation path is::
Python: C:\Users\fhhz\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\
pip: C:\Users\fhhz\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Scripts
Both these paths were added to path in environmental variables.
Now Open a new cmd window and type pip, you should be seeing a screen as below.
Now type pip install <<package-name>>. Here I'm installing package spyder so my command line statement will be as pip install spyder and here goes my running screen..
and I hope we are done with this!!
you need to type it in cmd not in the IDLE. becuse IDLE is not an command prompt if you want to install something from IDLE type this
>>>from pip.__main__ import _main as main
>>>main(#args splitted by space in list example:['install', 'requests'])
this is calling pip like pip <commands> in terminal. The commands will be seperated by spaces that you are doing there to.
If you are doing it from command line,
try -
python -m pip install selenium
or (for Python3 and above)
python3 -m pip install selenium
I'm trying to use pip to install a package. I try to run pip install from the Python shell, but I get a SyntaxError. Why do I get this error? How do I use pip to install the package?
>>> pip install selenium
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
pip is run from the command line, not the Python interpreter. It is a program that installs modules, so you can use them from Python. Once you have installed the module, then you can open the Python shell and do import selenium.
The Python shell is not a command line, it is an interactive interpreter. You type Python code into it, not commands.
Use the command line, not the Python shell (DOS, PowerShell in Windows).
C:\Program Files\Python2.7\Scripts> pip install XYZ
If you installed Python into your PATH using the latest installers, you don't need to be in that folder to run pip
Terminal in Mac or Linux
$ pip install XYZ
As #sinoroc suggested correct way of installing a package via pip is using separate process since pip may cause closing a thread or may require a restart of interpreter to load new installed package so this is the right way of using the API: subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', 'SomeProject']) but since Python allows to access internal API and you know what you're using the API for you may want to use internal API anyway eg. if you're building own GUI package manager with alternative resourcess like https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/
Following soulution is OUT OF DATE, instead of downvoting suggest updates. see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498 for reference.
UPDATE: Since pip version 10.x there is no more get_installed_distributions() or main method under import pip instead use import pip._internal as pip.
UPDATE ca. v.18 get_installed_distributions() has been removed. Instead you may use generator freeze like this:
from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
print([package for package in freeze()])
# eg output ['pip==19.0.3']
If you want to use pip inside the Python interpreter, try this:
import pip
package_names=['selenium', 'requests'] #packages to install
pip.main(['install'] + package_names + ['--upgrade'])
# --upgrade to install or update existing packages
If you need to update every installed package, use following:
import pip
for i in pip.get_installed_distributions():
pip.main(['install', i.key, '--upgrade'])
If you want to stop installing other packages if any installation fails, use it in one single pip.main([]) call:
import pip
package_names = [i.key for i in pip.get_installed_distributions()]
pip.main(['install'] + package_names + ['--upgrade'])
Note: When you install from list in file with -r / --requirement parameter you do NOT need open() function.
pip.main(['install', '-r', 'filename'])
Warning: Some parameters as simple --help may cause python interpreter to stop.
Curiosity: By using pip.exe you actually use python interpreter and pip module anyway. If you unpack pip.exe or pip3.exe regardless it's python 2.x or 3.x, inside is the SAME single file __main__.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())
To run pip in Python 3.x, just follow the instructions on Python's page: Installing Python Modules.
python -m pip install SomePackage
Note that this is run from the command line and not the python shell (the reason for syntax error in the original question).
I installed python and when I run pip command it used to throw me an error like shown in pic below.
Make Sure pip path is added in environmental variables. For me, the python and pip installation path is::
Python: C:\Users\fhhz\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\
pip: C:\Users\fhhz\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Scripts
Both these paths were added to path in environmental variables.
Now Open a new cmd window and type pip, you should be seeing a screen as below.
Now type pip install <<package-name>>. Here I'm installing package spyder so my command line statement will be as pip install spyder and here goes my running screen..
and I hope we are done with this!!
you need to type it in cmd not in the IDLE. becuse IDLE is not an command prompt if you want to install something from IDLE type this
>>>from pip.__main__ import _main as main
>>>main(#args splitted by space in list example:['install', 'requests'])
this is calling pip like pip <commands> in terminal. The commands will be seperated by spaces that you are doing there to.
If you are doing it from command line,
try -
python -m pip install selenium
or (for Python3 and above)
python3 -m pip install selenium
I am creating a single script for setup and running whole Django project.
venv_parent_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),os.pardir))
venv_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(venv_parent_dir, 'fvenv'))
subprocess.run(args=['virtualenv', '-p', 'python3', venv_dir])
os.popen('/bin/bash --rcfile %s'%(venv_dir+'/bin/activate'))
With the above code I created a virtual environment then activate this. Now I want to install the requirements.txt file in the activated virtual environment
subprocess.run(args=['pip3', 'install', '-r', 'requirements.txt'])
I tried with subprocess, but it's not installing in the virtual environment, it is installing in the operating system Python.
A the moment, the os.popen command does not affect the environment that subprocess.run runs in. That means that your subprocess.run call is using the system pip3 instead of the pip from the virtualenv. You can use the pip from the virtualenv by using the full path:
import os
pip = os.path.join(venv_dir, 'bin', 'pip')
subprocess.run(args=[pip, 'install', '-r', 'requirements.txt'])
By using /path/to/venv/bin/pip, you don't have to activate the virtual environment first.