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Why is the image not showing in the tkinter using if conditions? [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Why does Tkinter image not show up if created in a function?
(5 answers)
Closed 1 year ago.
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import ImageTk ,Image
win=tkinter.Toplevel()
wrapper=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper.place(x=0, y=80, width=465, height=625)
wrapper3=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper3.place(x=950, y=80, width=465, height=625)
wrapper3_title=Label(wrapper3, text="Selected Data", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",30,"bold"))
wrapper3_title.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=20, pady=10)
wrapper2=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper2.place(x=465, y=80, width=485, height=625)
ent8=StringVar()
def code():
btn1.destroy()
add=StringVar()
sub=StringVar()
pro=StringVar()
img=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Amritsar.jpg"))
Label2= Label(wrapper2, image=img)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
def Find():
add.set(float(ent00.get())+float(ent01.get()))
sub.set(float(ent00.get())-float(ent01.get()))
pro.set(float(ent00.get())*float(ent01.get()))
ent00=Entry(wrapper, width=15)
ent00.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent01=Entry(wrapper, width=15)
ent01.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
lbl8=Label(wrapper, text="Add", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",15,"bold")).grid(row=6, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent8=Entry(wrapper, textvariable=add, width=15, state='readonly')
ent8.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
lbl15=Label(wrapper, text="Subtract", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",15,"bold")).grid(row=7, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent15=Entry(wrapper, textvariable=sub, width=15, state='readonly')
ent15.grid(row=7, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
lbl9=Label(wrapper, text="Product", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",15,"bold")).grid(row=8, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent9=Entry(wrapper, textvariable=pro, width=15, state='readonly')
ent9.grid(row=8, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
btn = Button(wrapper, text = 'Calculate', command=Find, bd = '5', width=15, height=2)
btn.grid(row=11, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
def img():
if ent8.get()=="4":
img=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Amritsar.jpg"))
Label2= Label(wrapper3, image=img)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
print("Move ahead")
else:
print("Try again")
btn2 = Button(wrapper, text = 'Image', command=img, bd = '5', width=15, height=2)
btn2.grid(row=12, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
btn1 = Button(wrapper, text = 'OPEN CODE', command=code, bd = '5', width=20, height=2)
btn1.grid(row=11, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
win.geometry("1400x700+250+250")
win.mainloop()
Two images need to be shown on the tkinter. The one defined earlier in wrapper2, shows empty frame while the one that has to appear in wrapper3 after getting 4 as sum, does not appear at all. Moreover, the output printed is "Try again". Why it is so? When sum is 4 it has to show "Move ahead".

First of all, terrible names.
Both your function and your PhotoImage are named img. Rename the function to def add_img().
Second, looking at your code I have no idea what all the wrapper frames are for, why not name them according to what they are planned to hold? Same applies to all the widgets. Wouldn't calc_btn be a better name than btn? img_btn instead of btn2? Why do you need to read more than the name to know what something is?
Third, you have ent8 twice in your code. Once as Label and again as a StringVar.
Tkinter constantly refreshes your window so you need to save the image you are using.
Personally I would have done all of this in a class.
For right now, with your current code, just add
loaded_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Amritsar.jpg")) before your functions and instead of using the variables you are using to open the image, just use Label(wrapper3, image=loaded_img)
As in:
win = Toplevel()
wrapper=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper.place(x=0, y=80, width=465, height=625)
wrapper3=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper3.place(x=950, y=80, width=465, height=625)
wrapper3_title=Label(wrapper3, text="Selected Data", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",30,"bold"))
wrapper3_title.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=20, pady=10)
wrapper2=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper2.place(x=465, y=80, width=485, height=625)
ent8=StringVar()
loaded_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Amritsar.jpg"))
Edit
Here is the entire code:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import ImageTk ,Image
win=Toplevel()
wrapper=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper.place(x=0, y=80, width=465, height=625)
wrapper3=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper3.place(x=950, y=80, width=465, height=625)
wrapper3_title=Label(wrapper3, text="Selected Data", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",30,"bold"))
wrapper3_title.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=20, pady=10)
wrapper2=Frame(win, bd=4, relief=RIDGE, bg="crimson")
wrapper2.place(x=465, y=80, width=485, height=625)
ent8=StringVar()
loaded_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Amritsar.jpg"))
add_strvar = StringVar()
sub_strvar = StringVar()
pro_strvar = StringVar()
def code():
btn1.destroy()
Label2= Label(wrapper2, image=loaded_img)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
def Find():
add_strvar.set(float(ent00.get())+float(ent01.get()))
sub_strvar.set(float(ent00.get())-float(ent01.get()))
pro_strvar.set(float(ent00.get())*float(ent01.get()))
ent00=Entry(wrapper, width=15)
ent00.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent01=Entry(wrapper, width=15)
ent01.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
lbl8=Label(wrapper, text="Add", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",15,"bold")).grid(row=6, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent8=Entry(wrapper, textvariable=add_strvar, width=15, state='readonly')
ent8.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
lbl15=Label(wrapper, text="Subtract", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",15,"bold")).grid(row=7, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent15=Entry(wrapper, textvariable=sub_strvar, width=15, state='readonly')
ent15.grid(row=7, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
lbl9=Label(wrapper, text="Product", bg="crimson", fg="white", font=("times new roman",15,"bold")).grid(row=8, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
ent9=Entry(wrapper, textvariable=pro_strvar, width=15, state='readonly')
ent9.grid(row=8, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
btn = Button(wrapper, text = 'Calculate', command=Find, bd = '5', width=15, height=2)
btn.grid(row=11, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
def add_img():
if add_strvar.get() == "4.0":
Label2= Label(wrapper3, image=loaded_img)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
print("Move ahead")
else:
print("Try again")
btn2 = Button(wrapper, text = 'Image', command=add_img, bd = '5', width=15, height=2)
btn2.grid(row=12, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
btn1 = Button(wrapper, text = 'OPEN CODE', command=code, bd = '5', width=20, height=2)
btn1.grid(row=11, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
win.geometry("1400x700+250+250")
win.mainloop()
Edit 2
Code changed to work with classes:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import ImageTk ,Image
class ImageCalculator:
def __init__(self, img_path):
self.window = Toplevel()
self.window.geometry("1400x700+250+250")
self.mainframe = Frame(self.window)
self.mainframe.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
self.bg_color = 'crimson'
frame_settings = {'master': self.mainframe, 'bd': 4,
'relief': RIDGE, 'bg': self.bg_color}
frame_names = ('left', 'center', 'right')
self.frames = {name: Frame(**frame_settings) for name in frame_names}
frame_height = 625
init_y = 80
frame_widths = {'left': 465, 'center': 485, 'right': 465}
x = 0
for name in frame_names:
frame_width = frame_widths[name]
self.frames[name].place(x=x, y=init_y, width=frame_width,
height=frame_height)
x += frame_width
self.setup_right_wrapper()
self.code_btn = self.setup_left_wrapper()
self.loaded_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(img_path))
self.add_strvar = StringVar()
self.sub_strvar = StringVar()
self.pro_strvar = StringVar()
def setup_left_wrapper(self) -> Button:
code_btn = Button(self.frames['left'], text='OPEN CODE', command=self.code,
bd='5', width=20, height=2)
img_btn = Button(self.frames['left'], text='Image', bd='5', width=15,
height=2, command=self.add_img)
code_btn.grid(row=11, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
img_btn.grid(row=12, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
return code_btn
def setup_right_wrapper(self):
right_frame_title = Label(self.frames['right'], text="Selected Data",
bg=self.bg_color, fg="white",
font=("times new roman",30,"bold"))
right_frame_title.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=10)
def code(self):
def Find():
self.add_strvar.set(float(first_entry.get())
+ float(second_entry.get()))
self.sub_strvar.set(float(first_entry.get())
- float(second_entry.get()))
self.pro_strvar.set(float(first_entry.get())
* float(second_entry.get()))
self.code_btn.destroy()
Label2 = Label(self.frames['center'], image=self.loaded_image)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
left_frame = self.frames['left']
first_entry = Entry(left_frame, width=15)
second_entry = Entry(left_frame, width=15)
# Settings of all labels
lbl_settings = {'bg': self.bg_color, 'fg': 'white',
'font': ("times new roman", 15, "bold")}
# Setting of all entry.
entry_settings = {'width': 15, 'state': 'readonly'}
add_lbl = Label(left_frame, text="Add", **lbl_settings)
add_entry = Entry(left_frame, textvariable=self.add_strvar,
**entry_settings)
sub_lbl = Label(left_frame, text="Subtract", **lbl_settings)
sub_entry = Entry(left_frame, textvariable=self.sub_strvar,
**entry_settings)
pro_lbl = Label(left_frame, text="Product", **lbl_settings)
pro_entry = Entry(left_frame, textvariable=self.pro_strvar,
**entry_settings)
calc_btn = Button(left_frame, text='Calculate', command=Find, bd='5',
width=15, height=2)
# Widget placement.
first_entry.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
second_entry.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
add_lbl.grid(row=6, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
add_entry.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
sub_lbl.grid(row=7, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
sub_entry.grid(row=7, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
pro_lbl.grid(row=8, column=0, padx=20, pady=10, sticky='w')
pro_entry.grid(row=8, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky='w')
calc_btn.grid(row=11, column=1, padx=20, pady=10)
def add_img(self):
if self.add_strvar.get() == "4.0":
Label2 = Label(self.frames['right'], image=self.loaded_image)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
print("Move ahead")
else:
print("Try again")
def main():
img_calc = ImageCalculator('Amritsar.jpg')
mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

After setting an image for a Label, you need to keep a reference to this image. Otherwise, it's removed at the end of the function and you lose the image (it's garbage collected).
So, when you define your label, just add a line that stores the image as an attribute of the label:
img=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("Amritsar.jpg"))
Label2= Label(wrapper2, image=img)
Label2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5, sticky='w')
Label2.dontloseit = img
The Label2 widget now has a nonsensical attribute called .dontloseit which holds the image. Now, it won't get collected and it will show in your tkinter widget.
It's one of the peculiarities of tkinter.

Tkinter - Bad resizing with "panedwindow" widgets:

in my GUI I used two panedwindow widgets with two inside frames for each of them. All works as I axpected, except the resizing.. when I resize the frames, all widgets start to flick, and I really don't like to see it.
To understand better the issue, I took a piece of code from my real program and I simplified it as much as possible:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class MainWindow:
def __init__(self):
# main window:
self.parent=Tk()
self.parent.geometry("760x620+370+100")
self.parent.title("Main Window")
self.parent.configure(background="#f0f0f0")
self.parent.minsize(760, 600)
self.Frame1=PanedWindow(self.parent, orient=HORIZONTAL)
self.Frame1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=(5,4), pady=(6,0), sticky="nswe")
self.parent.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.parent.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.Frame1_1=Frame(self.Frame1)
self.Frame1_1.pack(side=LEFT)
self.Frame1_2=Frame(self.Frame1)
self.Frame1_2.pack(side=RIGHT)
self.Frame1_1.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.Frame1_1.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Frame1_1:
self.Frame1_1_1=PanedWindow(self.Frame1_1, orient=VERTICAL)
self.Frame1_1_1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nswe")
self.MainNotebook=ttk.Notebook(self.Frame1_1_1)
self.MainNotebook.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
self.MainNotebookFrame=Frame(self.MainNotebook, background="white")
self.MainNotebookFrame.pack()
self.MainNotebook.add(self.MainNotebookFrame, text="Tab1")
self.Search1SV=StringVar()
self.Search1Entry=ttk.Entry(self.MainNotebookFrame, textvariable=self.Search1SV)
self.Search1Entry.pack(fill=BOTH, padx=5, pady=5)
self.TVDFrame=Frame(self.MainNotebookFrame, background="white", highlightbackground="#7a7a7a", highlightthickness=1)
self.TVDFrame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=(0,4))
self.TVDFrame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
self.TVDFrame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
self.TreeView1=ttk.Treeview(self.TVDFrame, height=10, selectmode="browse")
self.TreeView1.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, rowspan=3, sticky="nsew")
self.HeaderFrame=Frame(self.TVDFrame, height=25, background="#d9ebf9")
self.HeaderFrame.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="nsew")
ttk.Label(self.HeaderFrame, text="Languages:", background="#d9ebf9").grid(row=0, column=0, pady=3)
self.TreeView1SBY=ttk.Scrollbar(self.TVDFrame, orient="vertical", command=self.TreeView1.yview)
self.TreeView1SBY.grid(row=0, column=2, rowspan=2, sticky="nse")
self.TreeView1.configure(yscroll=self.TreeView1SBY.set)
self.TreeView1.insert("", "end", text="Ciao")
self.TreeView1.insert("", "end", text="Hola")
self.TreeView1.insert("", "end", text="привет")
Frame(self.TVDFrame, height=1, width=4, background="white", highlightthickness=0, highlightbackground="white").grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="new")
Frame(self.TVDFrame, height=1, width=4, background="white", highlightthickness=0, highlightbackground="white").grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="ew")
Frame(self.TVDFrame, width=1, height=4, background="white", highlightthickness=0, highlightbackground="white").grid(row=0, column=0, rowspan=3, sticky="ns")
self.SecondNotebookFrame=Frame(self.Frame1_1_1)
self.SecondNotebookFrame.pack(fill=BOTH)
self.SecondNotebook=ttk.Notebook(self.SecondNotebookFrame)
self.SecondNotebook.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True, pady=(2,1))
self.OptionalFrame1=Frame(self.SecondNotebook, background="white")
self.OptionalFrame1.pack()
self.SecondNotebook.add(self.OptionalFrame1, text="Tab1")
self.OptionalFrame2=Frame(self.OptionalFrame1, background="white", highlightbackground="#7a7a7a", highlightthickness=1)
self.OptionalFrame2.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=(5,4))
self.PBFrame1=Frame(self.Frame1_1, background="white", highlightbackground="#d9d9d9", highlightthickness=1)
self.PBFrame1.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=(1,3), pady=(3,1), sticky="nswe")
self.PBFrame2=Frame(self.PBFrame1, background="white", highlightbackground="#7a7a7a", highlightthickness=1)
self.PBFrame2.pack(fill=BOTH, padx=5, pady=5)
self.Progressbar=ttk.Progressbar(self.PBFrame2, mode="determinate", maximum=100, value=0)
self.Progressbar.pack(fill=BOTH, padx=10, pady=10)
# frame Frame1_2:
self.WorkNotebook=ttk.Notebook(self.Frame1_2)
self.WorkNotebook.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True, pady=(1,0))
self.WorkNotebookFrame=Frame(self.WorkNotebook, background="white")
self.WorkNotebookFrame.pack()
self.WorkNotebook.add(self.WorkNotebookFrame, text="Tab1")
self.WorkNotebookFrame=Frame(self.WorkNotebookFrame, background="white", highlightbackground="#7a7a7a", highlightthickness=1)
self.WorkNotebookFrame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True, padx=5, pady=(5,4))
self.PBFrame1=Frame(self.Frame1_1, background="white", highlightbackground="#d9d9d9", highlightthickness=1)
self.PBFrame1.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=(1,3), pady=(3,1), sticky="nswe")
self.PBFrame2=Frame(self.PBFrame1, background="white", highlightbackground="#7a7a7a", highlightthickness=1)
self.PBFrame2.pack(fill=BOTH, padx=5, pady=5)
self.Progressbar=ttk.Progressbar(self.PBFrame2, mode="determinate", maximum=100, value=0)
self.Progressbar.pack(fill=BOTH, padx=10, pady=10)
self.Frame1.add(self.Frame1_1, minsize=230)
self.Frame1.add(self.Frame1_2, minsize=250)
self.Frame1_1_1.add(self.MainNotebook, minsize=56)
self.Frame1_1_1.add(self.SecondNotebookFrame, minsize=104)
# end:
self.parent.mainloop()
if __name__=="__main__":
app=MainWindow()
in addition I attached also a GIF and this image shows exactly when the issue happen:
how can I solve the resizing issue?

How to get two widgets in grid layout to be flush against each other?

I am trying to build a messaging system in a tkinter window, in which I'm using grid layout. I want to place a label on top for the messages, with an Entry right below it for people to type in; thus, I want them completely flush. I found pady and ipady which are supposed to do this, but even after setting both to 0:
Label(mainframe, background='white', text='asdasdasdasdasd', anchor=W, justify=LEFT, bd=1, relief='solid').grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=(W,E), columnspan=3, pady=0, ipady=0,padx=0,ipadx=0)
Entry(mainframe, background='white', bd=1, relief='sunken').grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=(W,E), columnspan=3, pady=0, ipady=0, padx=0,ipadx=0)
The code generates the image below, with space still inbetween the elements. Not sure how to fix this - all my googling tells me that all I should need to do is set pady and ipady to 0, but apparently this does not work. All help is appreciated.
EDIT:
Here's the full code:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("title")
mainframe = Frame(root)
mainframe.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, W, E, S))
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
Label(mainframe, text='Left Label').grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=(W, E), rowspan=2)
Label(mainframe, background='white', text='asdasdasdasdasd', anchor=W, justify=LEFT, bd=1, relief='solid').grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=(W,E), columnspan=3, pady=0, ipady=0,padx=0,ipadx=0)
Entry(mainframe, background='white', bd=1, relief='sunken').grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=(W,E), columnspan=3, pady=0, ipady=0, padx=0,ipadx=0)
Label(mainframe, text="Center Area").grid(column=2, row=1, sticky=W, rowspan=2)
Label(mainframe, text="Right Label").grid(column=3, row=1, sticky=W, rowspan=2)
for child in mainframe.winfo_children(): child.grid_configure(padx=5, pady=5)
root.mainloop()

You used for child in mainframe.winfo_children(): child.grid_configure(padx=5, pady=5) in the last.This will add the padding of each widget in the mainframe.
The fastest and easiest way to do that and don't change the padding of other widgets.Just change the sequence of your code:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("title")
mainframe = Frame(root)
mainframe.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, W, E, S))
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
Label(mainframe, text='Left Label').grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=(W, E), rowspan=2)
Label(mainframe, text="Center Area").grid(column=2, row=1, sticky=W, rowspan=2)
Label(mainframe, text="Right Label").grid(column=3, row=1, sticky=W, rowspan=2)
for child in mainframe.winfo_children(): child.grid_configure(padx=5, pady=5)
Label(mainframe, background='white', text='asdasdasdasdasd', anchor=W, justify=LEFT, bd=1, relief='solid').grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=(W,E), columnspan=3, pady=0, ipady=0,padx=0,ipadx=0)
Entry(mainframe, background='white', bd=1, relief='sunken').grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=(W,E), columnspan=3, pady=0, ipady=0, padx=0,ipadx=0)
root.mainloop()
Now:

Dynamically fit tkinter window to its content

I have a Toplevel Window with one grid row containing a Label, Entry and a "+" Button (window on startup)
When I hit the Add-Button a new row with the same content is generated. But the problem is, that the window doesn't resize and fit to its new contents. Should look like this resized window.
The code is below:
def process_map():
numbers = {0:'\u2080', 1:'\u2081', 2:'\u2082', 3:'\u2083', 4:'\u2084', 5:'\u2085', 6:'\u2086', 7:'\u2087', 8:'\u2088', 9:'\u2089'}
button_pos = tk.IntVar(0)
ENTRIES = {}
def add_button():
if button_pos.get() >= 10:
index = numbers[button_pos.get()//10] + numbers[button_pos.get()%10]
else:
index = numbers[button_pos.get()]
lb = tk.Label(top_root, text='\u03C6'+index)
lb.grid(row=button_pos.get(), column=0, sticky='NWES')
entry = tk.Entry(top_root, width=4, relief='sunken', bd=2)
entry.grid(row=button_pos.get(), column=1, sticky='WE', padx=5, pady=5)
ENTRIES.update({button_pos.get():entry})
bt.grid(row=button_pos.get(), column=2, sticky='WE', padx=5, pady=5)
bt_close.grid(row=button_pos.get()+1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
bt_start.grid(row=button_pos.get()+1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
button_pos.set(button_pos.get()+1)
center(top_root)
top_root = tk.Toplevel(root)
top_root.title('Select \u03C6')
lb = tk.Label(top_root, text='\u03C6\u2081', height=1)
lb.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='NWES')
entry = tk.Entry(top_root, width=4, relief='sunken', bd=2)
entry.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='WE', padx=5, pady=5)
button_pos.set(button_pos.get()+2)
ENTRIES.update({button_pos.get():entry})
bt = tk.Button(top_root, text='+', command=add_button,)
bt.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky='WE', padx=5, pady=5)
bt_close = tk.Button(top_root, text='Cancel', width=15, command=top_root.destroy)
bt_close.grid(row=button_pos.get()+1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
bt_start = tk.Button(top_root, text='Start', width=15)
bt_start.grid(row=button_pos.get()+1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
center(top_root)
top_root.mainloop()

How can I prevent Toplevel() from opening two additional windows?

I have a program that uses Tkinter and I'm trying to assign a command to a button in my root window that opens one additional window. I'm using Toplevel(), but whenever I click the button I've assigned the command to, two windows open, one with my root window's name and one with the name of the additional window I've assigned.
I've tried using .withdraw and .destroy, to hide or remove this extra root window, but nothing seems to be working.
Here is my code:
import Tkinter
from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.wm_title("VACS")
# # Top label # #
SetParameters = Label(text="Set Parameters", width=110, relief=RIDGE)
SetParameters.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=7, padx=5, pady=5)
# # Spatial freq settings # #
SpatialFreq = Label(text="Spatial Frequency", width=15, relief=RIDGE)
SpatialFreq.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
From1 = Label(text="from")
From1.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
Select1 = Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=25)
Select1.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=5, pady=5)
To1 = Label(text="to")
To1.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
Select2 = Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=25)
Select2.grid(row=3, column=4, padx=5, pady=5)
Steps = Label(text="in steps of")
Steps.grid(row=3, column=5, padx=5, pady=5)
Select3 = Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=25)
Select3.grid(row=3, column=6, padx=5, pady=5)
# # Contrast settings # #
Contrast = Label(text="Contrast", width=15, relief=RIDGE)
Contrast.grid(row=5, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
From2 = Label(text="from")
From2.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
Select4 = Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=25)
Select4.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=5, pady=5)
To2 = Label(text="to")
To2.grid(row=5, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
Select5 = Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=25)
Select5.grid(row=5, column=4, padx=5, pady=5)
Steps2 = Label(text="in steps of")
Steps2.grid(row=5, column=5, padx=5, pady=5)
Select6 = Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=25)
Select6.grid(row=5, column=6, padx=5, pady=5)
# # Test button # #
Test = Button(text="Begin Test", width=25, command=Top)
Test.grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=7, pady=5)
# # Directory input window # #
def Top():
Toplevel()
Toplevel().wm_title("Directory")
root.mainloop()
If you click "Begin Test" in the root window, two extras pop up. I only want the one that says "Directory."
Any ideas?

You're creating two, since Toplevel() is the constructor call:
Toplevel()
Toplevel().wm_title("Directory")
Instead, create one and save it:
top = Toplevel()
top.wm_title("Directory")