Related
How do I handle the window close event (user clicking the 'X' button) in a Python Tkinter program?
Tkinter supports a mechanism called protocol handlers. Here, the term protocol refers to the interaction between the application and the window manager. The most commonly used protocol is called WM_DELETE_WINDOW, and is used to define what happens when the user explicitly closes a window using the window manager.
You can use the protocol method to install a handler for this protocol (the widget must be a Tk or Toplevel widget):
Here you have a concrete example:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
root = tk.Tk()
def on_closing():
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
root.destroy()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", on_closing)
root.mainloop()
Matt has shown one classic modification of the close button.
The other is to have the close button minimize the window.
You can reproduced this behavior by having the iconify method
be the protocol method's second argument.
Here's a working example, tested on Windows 7 & 10:
# Python 3
import tkinter
import tkinter.scrolledtext as scrolledtext
root = tkinter.Tk()
# make the top right close button minimize (iconify) the main window
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", root.iconify)
# make Esc exit the program
root.bind('<Escape>', lambda e: root.destroy())
# create a menu bar with an Exit command
menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
filemenu = tkinter.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.destroy)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
root.config(menu=menubar)
# create a Text widget with a Scrollbar attached
txt = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(root, undo=True)
txt['font'] = ('consolas', '12')
txt.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
root.mainloop()
In this example we give the user two new exit options:
the classic File → Exit, and also the Esc button.
Depending on the Tkinter activity, and especially when using Tkinter.after, stopping this activity with destroy() -- even by using protocol(), a button, etc. -- will disturb this activity ("while executing" error) rather than just terminate it. The best solution in almost every case is to use a flag. Here is a simple, silly example of how to use it (although I am certain that most of you don't need it! :)
from Tkinter import *
def close_window():
global running
running = False # turn off while loop
print( "Window closed")
root = Tk()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_window)
cv = Canvas(root, width=200, height=200)
cv.pack()
running = True;
# This is an endless loop stopped only by setting 'running' to 'False'
while running:
for i in range(200):
if not running:
break
cv.create_oval(i, i, i+1, i+1)
root.update()
This terminates graphics activity nicely. You only need to check running at the right place(s).
If you want to change what the x button does or make it so that you cannot close it at all try this.
yourwindow.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", whatever)
then defy what "whatever" means
def whatever():
# Replace this with your own event for example:
print("oi don't press that button")
You can also make it so that when you close that window you can call it back like this
yourwindow.withdraw()
This hides the window but does not close it
yourwindow.deiconify()
This makes the window visible again
I'd like to thank the answer by Apostolos for bringing this to my attention. Here's a much more detailed example for Python 3 in the year 2019, with a clearer description and example code.
Beware of the fact that destroy() (or not having a custom window closing handler at all) will destroy the window and all of its running callbacks instantly when the user closes it.
This can be bad for you, depending on your current Tkinter activity, and especially when using tkinter.after (periodic callbacks). You might be using a callback which processes some data and writes to disk... in that case, you obviously want the data writing to finish without being abruptly killed.
The best solution for that is to use a flag. So when the user requests window closing, you mark that as a flag, and then react to it.
(Note: I normally design GUIs as nicely encapsulated classes and separate worker threads, and I definitely don't use "global" (I use class instance variables instead), but this is meant to be a simple, stripped-down example to demonstrate how Tk abruptly kills your periodic callbacks when the user closes the window...)
from tkinter import *
import time
# Try setting this to False and look at the printed numbers (1 to 10)
# during the work-loop, if you close the window while the periodic_call
# worker is busy working (printing). It will abruptly end the numbers,
# and kill the periodic callback! That's why you should design most
# applications with a safe closing callback as described in this demo.
safe_closing = True
# ---------
busy_processing = False
close_requested = False
def close_window():
global close_requested
close_requested = True
print("User requested close at:", time.time(), "Was busy processing:", busy_processing)
root = Tk()
if safe_closing:
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_window)
lbl = Label(root)
lbl.pack()
def periodic_call():
global busy_processing
if not close_requested:
busy_processing = True
for i in range(10):
print((i+1), "of 10")
time.sleep(0.2)
lbl["text"] = str(time.time()) # Will error if force-closed.
root.update() # Force redrawing since we change label multiple times in a row.
busy_processing = False
root.after(500, periodic_call)
else:
print("Destroying GUI at:", time.time())
try: # "destroy()" can throw, so you should wrap it like this.
root.destroy()
except:
# NOTE: In most code, you'll wanna force a close here via
# "exit" if the window failed to destroy. Just ensure that
# you have no code after your `mainloop()` call (at the
# bottom of this file), since the exit call will cause the
# process to terminate immediately without running any more
# code. Of course, you should NEVER have code after your
# `mainloop()` call in well-designed code anyway...
# exit(0)
pass
root.after_idle(periodic_call)
root.mainloop()
This code will show you that the WM_DELETE_WINDOW handler runs even while our custom periodic_call() is busy in the middle of work/loops!
We use some pretty exaggerated .after() values: 500 milliseconds. This is just meant to make it very easy for you to see the difference between closing while the periodic call is busy, or not... If you close while the numbers are updating, you will see that the WM_DELETE_WINDOW happened while your periodic call "was busy processing: True". If you close while the numbers are paused (meaning that the periodic callback isn't processing at that moment), you see that the close happened while it's "not busy".
In real-world usage, your .after() would use something like 30-100 milliseconds, to have a responsive GUI. This is just a demonstration to help you understand how to protect yourself against Tk's default "instantly interrupt all work when closing" behavior.
In summary: Make the WM_DELETE_WINDOW handler set a flag, and then check that flag periodically and manually .destroy() the window when it's safe (when your app is done with all work).
PS: You can also use WM_DELETE_WINDOW to ask the user if they REALLY want to close the window; and if they answer no, you don't set the flag. It's very simple. You just show a messagebox in your WM_DELETE_WINDOW and set the flag based on the user's answer.
You should use destroy() to close a tkinter window.
from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Button(root, text="Quit", command=root.destroy).pack()
root.mainloop()
Explanation:
root.quit()
The above line just Bypasses the root.mainloop() i.e root.mainloop() will still be running in background if quit() command is executed.
root.destroy()
While destroy() command vanish out root.mainloop() i.e root.mainloop() stops.
So as you just want to quit the program so you should use root.destroy() as it will it stop the mainloop()`.
But if you want to run some infinite loop and you don't want to destroy your Tk window and want to execute some code after root.mainloop() line then you should use root.quit().
Ex:
from Tkinter import *
def quit():
global root
root.quit()
root = Tk()
while True:
Button(root, text="Quit", command=quit).pack()
root.mainloop()
#do something
The easiest code is:
from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
For hiding the window : window.withdraw()
For appearing the window : window.deiconify()
For exiting from the window : exit()
For exiting from the window(If you've made a .exe file) :
from tkinter import *
import sys
window = Tk()
sys.exit()
And of course you have to place a button and use the codes above in a function so you can type the function's name in the command part of the button
Try The Simple Version:
import tkinter
window = Tk()
closebutton = Button(window, text='X', command=window.destroy)
closebutton.pack()
window.mainloop()
Or If You Want To Add More Commands:
import tkinter
window = Tk()
def close():
window.destroy()
#More Functions
closebutton = Button(window, text='X', command=close)
closebutton.pack()
window.mainloop()
you can use:
root = Tk()
def func():
print('not clossed')
root.protocol('wm_delete_window', func)
root.mainloop()
def on_closing():
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "would you like to quit"):
window.destroy()
window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", on_closing)
you can handle a window close event like this, if you wanna do something else just change the things that happen in the on_closing() function.
i say a lot simpler way would be using the break command, like
import tkinter as tk
win=tk.Tk
def exit():
break
btn= tk.Button(win, text="press to exit", command=exit)
win.mainloop()
OR use sys.exit()
import tkinter as tk
import sys
win=tk.Tk
def exit():
sys.exit
btn= tk.Button(win, text="press to exit", command=exit)
win.mainloop()
I'm using the following code to create a window after destroying another.
from tkinter import *
tk=Tk()
def destroy():
tk.destroy()
tk.after(2000,destroy)
tk.mainloop()
tk=Tk()
tk.mainloop()
The window is created alright, but it loses focus. I tried lift() and focus() methods with no result.
You can use <tk.Tk>.focus_force() to force the window to be focused.
So your modified code will look like this:
from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
def destroy():
tk.destroy()
tk.after(2000, destroy)
tk.mainloop()
tk = Tk()
tk.focus_force()
tk.mainloop()
Although it is much better to reuse the window. Destroy all of the widgets on the window and reuse it instead of destroying and recreating it. Creating a window takes a lot of resources.
Also something else: the variable tk is usually used for something else so please don't use it for tkinter windows. Usually people use root or window for windows.
Force the input focus to the widget using focus_force(). Just update you last part.
tk=Tk()
tk.focus_force()
tk.mainloop()
Also, You can make a Toplevel() which is basically just creating a new window over the root window.
from tkinter import *
tkk=Tk()
tkk.withdraw()
tk=Toplevel()
def destroy():
tk.destroy()
tkk.deiconify()
tk.after(2000,destroy)
tk.focus_force()
tkk.mainloop()
I want my script should work in such a way that, close all the previous windows in tkinter.
If I minimise the existing pop up window and again I will run same script, it will again pop up new window. How can I close the already existing window, when i run script again?
Simple code:
import Tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.mainloop()
Maybe if you check all variable in locals and see if you have tk type in it?
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
tk_type = type(root)
print(tk_type)
var=0
for var in locals().items():
if type(var[1]) == tk_type:
print(var, 'to be deleted')
root.mainloop()
something like this where you can put the test at the begining of the class to see if it exists other TK window object.
I'm sure it should exist a better solution though.
I am trying to make my messagebox appear in front of my pygame window, but it keeps appearing behind it. Here's my code:
from tkinter import messagebox
# pygame loop here
messagebox.showinfo("Title", "Message here")
Do I need to do add some lines of code to bring it to the front? Any help would be appreciated.
I got it to work. I had to add root.withdraw() as well.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
# pygame loop here
messagebox.showinfo("Title", "Message here")
root.lift()
Not sure why hiding the root tkinter window makes it work...
This will put the window in the middle of the screen on the top level of everything, so it will not be hidden behind and stays in front.
window = Tk()
window.eval('tk::PlaceWindow %s center' % window.winfo_toplevel())
How do I handle the window close event (user clicking the 'X' button) in a Python Tkinter program?
Tkinter supports a mechanism called protocol handlers. Here, the term protocol refers to the interaction between the application and the window manager. The most commonly used protocol is called WM_DELETE_WINDOW, and is used to define what happens when the user explicitly closes a window using the window manager.
You can use the protocol method to install a handler for this protocol (the widget must be a Tk or Toplevel widget):
Here you have a concrete example:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
root = tk.Tk()
def on_closing():
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
root.destroy()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", on_closing)
root.mainloop()
Matt has shown one classic modification of the close button.
The other is to have the close button minimize the window.
You can reproduced this behavior by having the iconify method
be the protocol method's second argument.
Here's a working example, tested on Windows 7 & 10:
# Python 3
import tkinter
import tkinter.scrolledtext as scrolledtext
root = tkinter.Tk()
# make the top right close button minimize (iconify) the main window
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", root.iconify)
# make Esc exit the program
root.bind('<Escape>', lambda e: root.destroy())
# create a menu bar with an Exit command
menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
filemenu = tkinter.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.destroy)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
root.config(menu=menubar)
# create a Text widget with a Scrollbar attached
txt = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(root, undo=True)
txt['font'] = ('consolas', '12')
txt.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
root.mainloop()
In this example we give the user two new exit options:
the classic File → Exit, and also the Esc button.
Depending on the Tkinter activity, and especially when using Tkinter.after, stopping this activity with destroy() -- even by using protocol(), a button, etc. -- will disturb this activity ("while executing" error) rather than just terminate it. The best solution in almost every case is to use a flag. Here is a simple, silly example of how to use it (although I am certain that most of you don't need it! :)
from Tkinter import *
def close_window():
global running
running = False # turn off while loop
print( "Window closed")
root = Tk()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_window)
cv = Canvas(root, width=200, height=200)
cv.pack()
running = True;
# This is an endless loop stopped only by setting 'running' to 'False'
while running:
for i in range(200):
if not running:
break
cv.create_oval(i, i, i+1, i+1)
root.update()
This terminates graphics activity nicely. You only need to check running at the right place(s).
If you want to change what the x button does or make it so that you cannot close it at all try this.
yourwindow.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", whatever)
then defy what "whatever" means
def whatever():
# Replace this with your own event for example:
print("oi don't press that button")
You can also make it so that when you close that window you can call it back like this
yourwindow.withdraw()
This hides the window but does not close it
yourwindow.deiconify()
This makes the window visible again
I'd like to thank the answer by Apostolos for bringing this to my attention. Here's a much more detailed example for Python 3 in the year 2019, with a clearer description and example code.
Beware of the fact that destroy() (or not having a custom window closing handler at all) will destroy the window and all of its running callbacks instantly when the user closes it.
This can be bad for you, depending on your current Tkinter activity, and especially when using tkinter.after (periodic callbacks). You might be using a callback which processes some data and writes to disk... in that case, you obviously want the data writing to finish without being abruptly killed.
The best solution for that is to use a flag. So when the user requests window closing, you mark that as a flag, and then react to it.
(Note: I normally design GUIs as nicely encapsulated classes and separate worker threads, and I definitely don't use "global" (I use class instance variables instead), but this is meant to be a simple, stripped-down example to demonstrate how Tk abruptly kills your periodic callbacks when the user closes the window...)
from tkinter import *
import time
# Try setting this to False and look at the printed numbers (1 to 10)
# during the work-loop, if you close the window while the periodic_call
# worker is busy working (printing). It will abruptly end the numbers,
# and kill the periodic callback! That's why you should design most
# applications with a safe closing callback as described in this demo.
safe_closing = True
# ---------
busy_processing = False
close_requested = False
def close_window():
global close_requested
close_requested = True
print("User requested close at:", time.time(), "Was busy processing:", busy_processing)
root = Tk()
if safe_closing:
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_window)
lbl = Label(root)
lbl.pack()
def periodic_call():
global busy_processing
if not close_requested:
busy_processing = True
for i in range(10):
print((i+1), "of 10")
time.sleep(0.2)
lbl["text"] = str(time.time()) # Will error if force-closed.
root.update() # Force redrawing since we change label multiple times in a row.
busy_processing = False
root.after(500, periodic_call)
else:
print("Destroying GUI at:", time.time())
try: # "destroy()" can throw, so you should wrap it like this.
root.destroy()
except:
# NOTE: In most code, you'll wanna force a close here via
# "exit" if the window failed to destroy. Just ensure that
# you have no code after your `mainloop()` call (at the
# bottom of this file), since the exit call will cause the
# process to terminate immediately without running any more
# code. Of course, you should NEVER have code after your
# `mainloop()` call in well-designed code anyway...
# exit(0)
pass
root.after_idle(periodic_call)
root.mainloop()
This code will show you that the WM_DELETE_WINDOW handler runs even while our custom periodic_call() is busy in the middle of work/loops!
We use some pretty exaggerated .after() values: 500 milliseconds. This is just meant to make it very easy for you to see the difference between closing while the periodic call is busy, or not... If you close while the numbers are updating, you will see that the WM_DELETE_WINDOW happened while your periodic call "was busy processing: True". If you close while the numbers are paused (meaning that the periodic callback isn't processing at that moment), you see that the close happened while it's "not busy".
In real-world usage, your .after() would use something like 30-100 milliseconds, to have a responsive GUI. This is just a demonstration to help you understand how to protect yourself against Tk's default "instantly interrupt all work when closing" behavior.
In summary: Make the WM_DELETE_WINDOW handler set a flag, and then check that flag periodically and manually .destroy() the window when it's safe (when your app is done with all work).
PS: You can also use WM_DELETE_WINDOW to ask the user if they REALLY want to close the window; and if they answer no, you don't set the flag. It's very simple. You just show a messagebox in your WM_DELETE_WINDOW and set the flag based on the user's answer.
You should use destroy() to close a tkinter window.
from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Button(root, text="Quit", command=root.destroy).pack()
root.mainloop()
Explanation:
root.quit()
The above line just Bypasses the root.mainloop() i.e root.mainloop() will still be running in background if quit() command is executed.
root.destroy()
While destroy() command vanish out root.mainloop() i.e root.mainloop() stops.
So as you just want to quit the program so you should use root.destroy() as it will it stop the mainloop()`.
But if you want to run some infinite loop and you don't want to destroy your Tk window and want to execute some code after root.mainloop() line then you should use root.quit().
Ex:
from Tkinter import *
def quit():
global root
root.quit()
root = Tk()
while True:
Button(root, text="Quit", command=quit).pack()
root.mainloop()
#do something
The easiest code is:
from tkinter import *
window = Tk()
For hiding the window : window.withdraw()
For appearing the window : window.deiconify()
For exiting from the window : exit()
For exiting from the window(If you've made a .exe file) :
from tkinter import *
import sys
window = Tk()
sys.exit()
And of course you have to place a button and use the codes above in a function so you can type the function's name in the command part of the button
Try The Simple Version:
import tkinter
window = Tk()
closebutton = Button(window, text='X', command=window.destroy)
closebutton.pack()
window.mainloop()
Or If You Want To Add More Commands:
import tkinter
window = Tk()
def close():
window.destroy()
#More Functions
closebutton = Button(window, text='X', command=close)
closebutton.pack()
window.mainloop()
you can use:
root = Tk()
def func():
print('not clossed')
root.protocol('wm_delete_window', func)
root.mainloop()
def on_closing():
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "would you like to quit"):
window.destroy()
window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", on_closing)
you can handle a window close event like this, if you wanna do something else just change the things that happen in the on_closing() function.
i say a lot simpler way would be using the break command, like
import tkinter as tk
win=tk.Tk
def exit():
break
btn= tk.Button(win, text="press to exit", command=exit)
win.mainloop()
OR use sys.exit()
import tkinter as tk
import sys
win=tk.Tk
def exit():
sys.exit
btn= tk.Button(win, text="press to exit", command=exit)
win.mainloop()