This code
import requests
requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx")
is giving me this error
[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)
I know practically nothing about SSL, but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option, but it hasn't worked. Am I missing something?
As already pointed out in a comment: the site has a bad SSL implementation as can be seen from the SSLLabs report. The main part of this report regarding your problem is:
This server's certificate chain is incomplete. Grade capped to B.
This means that the server is not sending the full certificate chain as is needed to verify the certificate. This means you need to add the missing certificates yourself when validating. For this you need to include the PEM for the missing chain certificate C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA and also for the root CA C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA info a file my_trust_store.pem and then you can call:
requests.get("https://...", verify='my_trust_store.pem')
... but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option
This will not work with normal leaf certificates. Since the SSL stack of Python is based on OpenSSL and OpenSSL expects only trusted certificate authorities in the trust store (i.e. given with verify) and a server certificate is not CA certificate it will not help to add it to the trust store.
cat institution-certificate.pem >> venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
This should solve the problem if your network requires a CA
using the certifi doesn't seem to be implied, so i'll show you what made my solution:
import urllib, urllib2, ssl
import certifi
request = urllib2.Request(url=url)
kw = dict()
if url.startswith('https://'):
certifi_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
kw.update(context=certifi_context)
urllib2.urlopen(request, **kw)
i found this solution and more on RealPython, here
If you can avoid the certificate verification (not secure), set PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY environment variable to 0:
export PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY=0
This will skip the certificate verification.
import requests
html = requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx",verify=False).text
You should write it like this, and I've verified it
Related
This code
import requests
requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx")
is giving me this error
[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)
I know practically nothing about SSL, but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option, but it hasn't worked. Am I missing something?
As already pointed out in a comment: the site has a bad SSL implementation as can be seen from the SSLLabs report. The main part of this report regarding your problem is:
This server's certificate chain is incomplete. Grade capped to B.
This means that the server is not sending the full certificate chain as is needed to verify the certificate. This means you need to add the missing certificates yourself when validating. For this you need to include the PEM for the missing chain certificate C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA and also for the root CA C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA info a file my_trust_store.pem and then you can call:
requests.get("https://...", verify='my_trust_store.pem')
... but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option
This will not work with normal leaf certificates. Since the SSL stack of Python is based on OpenSSL and OpenSSL expects only trusted certificate authorities in the trust store (i.e. given with verify) and a server certificate is not CA certificate it will not help to add it to the trust store.
cat institution-certificate.pem >> venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
This should solve the problem if your network requires a CA
using the certifi doesn't seem to be implied, so i'll show you what made my solution:
import urllib, urllib2, ssl
import certifi
request = urllib2.Request(url=url)
kw = dict()
if url.startswith('https://'):
certifi_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
kw.update(context=certifi_context)
urllib2.urlopen(request, **kw)
i found this solution and more on RealPython, here
If you can avoid the certificate verification (not secure), set PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY environment variable to 0:
export PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY=0
This will skip the certificate verification.
import requests
html = requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx",verify=False).text
You should write it like this, and I've verified it
This code
import requests
requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx")
is giving me this error
[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)
I know practically nothing about SSL, but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option, but it hasn't worked. Am I missing something?
As already pointed out in a comment: the site has a bad SSL implementation as can be seen from the SSLLabs report. The main part of this report regarding your problem is:
This server's certificate chain is incomplete. Grade capped to B.
This means that the server is not sending the full certificate chain as is needed to verify the certificate. This means you need to add the missing certificates yourself when validating. For this you need to include the PEM for the missing chain certificate C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA and also for the root CA C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA info a file my_trust_store.pem and then you can call:
requests.get("https://...", verify='my_trust_store.pem')
... but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option
This will not work with normal leaf certificates. Since the SSL stack of Python is based on OpenSSL and OpenSSL expects only trusted certificate authorities in the trust store (i.e. given with verify) and a server certificate is not CA certificate it will not help to add it to the trust store.
cat institution-certificate.pem >> venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
This should solve the problem if your network requires a CA
using the certifi doesn't seem to be implied, so i'll show you what made my solution:
import urllib, urllib2, ssl
import certifi
request = urllib2.Request(url=url)
kw = dict()
if url.startswith('https://'):
certifi_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
kw.update(context=certifi_context)
urllib2.urlopen(request, **kw)
i found this solution and more on RealPython, here
If you can avoid the certificate verification (not secure), set PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY environment variable to 0:
export PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY=0
This will skip the certificate verification.
import requests
html = requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx",verify=False).text
You should write it like this, and I've verified it
I'm trying to solve the problem
requests.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:579)
when I connect to a handle server.
I also used
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
as some user suggested, but I'm not able to fix the issue.
Any other solution?
Thanks
Does your server have a valid certificate, signed by a Certification Authority?
If it uses a self-signed certificate I would suggest that you save a copy of the public certificate in your Python project and pass the certificate name in the verify parameter on requests.
You can save the certificate by accessing the server on Firefox, clicking on the Lock icon near to the address bar, selecting the Certificate, then More details, then View Certificate, then export.
You will get a .pem file, let's say: "my_server_certificate.pem".
Then when you create your Session object on requests you can pass the parameter:
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = "my_server_certificate.pem"
I had similar problems when using charles proxy with my Python scripts. I hope this helps you solve your problem as well.
This code
import requests
requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx")
is giving me this error
[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)
I know practically nothing about SSL, but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option, but it hasn't worked. Am I missing something?
As already pointed out in a comment: the site has a bad SSL implementation as can be seen from the SSLLabs report. The main part of this report regarding your problem is:
This server's certificate chain is incomplete. Grade capped to B.
This means that the server is not sending the full certificate chain as is needed to verify the certificate. This means you need to add the missing certificates yourself when validating. For this you need to include the PEM for the missing chain certificate C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA and also for the root CA C=US, O=DigiCert Inc, OU=www.digicert.com, CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA info a file my_trust_store.pem and then you can call:
requests.get("https://...", verify='my_trust_store.pem')
... but I've tried downloading the site's certificate and pointing to that file using the verify option
This will not work with normal leaf certificates. Since the SSL stack of Python is based on OpenSSL and OpenSSL expects only trusted certificate authorities in the trust store (i.e. given with verify) and a server certificate is not CA certificate it will not help to add it to the trust store.
cat institution-certificate.pem >> venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
This should solve the problem if your network requires a CA
using the certifi doesn't seem to be implied, so i'll show you what made my solution:
import urllib, urllib2, ssl
import certifi
request = urllib2.Request(url=url)
kw = dict()
if url.startswith('https://'):
certifi_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
kw.update(context=certifi_context)
urllib2.urlopen(request, **kw)
i found this solution and more on RealPython, here
If you can avoid the certificate verification (not secure), set PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY environment variable to 0:
export PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY=0
This will skip the certificate verification.
import requests
html = requests.get("https://hcaidcs.phe.org.uk/WebPages/GeneralHomePage.aspx",verify=False).text
You should write it like this, and I've verified it
I'm trying to use imaplib.IMAP4_SSL function but I'm stuck with this error:
[Errno 336265225] _ssl.c:356: error:140B0009:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file:PEM lib
try:
mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(host='imap.gmail.com', port="993", certfile="certIMAP.pem")
except Exception as e:
print e
sys.exit()
The certificate has been downloaded with:
echo | openssl s_client -connect imap.gmail.com:993 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 > certIMAP.pem
Permission on the file are ok.
If I use the keyfile option, they ask me the cert, and then the same error is obtained.
I could not find example for this function with cert specification.
Thank you.
While it is not obvious from the documentation I would suggest that the parameters certfile and keyfile are not used to verify the servers certificate (that's how you use it - and keyfile would not make any sense here) but are the optional certificate for the client and it's private key, which some server might require to identify the client (e.g. instead or additionally to password).
To verify the server you usually have something called CA file or CA path (CA = certificate agency) and you don't need a private key here. There seem to be no obvious way for given the CA certificates here, but Certificate Authority for imaplib and poplib python might help you with this.