Develop Reference

How can I download files using Selenium with Python in my linux docker container? [duplicate]

I'm do me code in Cromedrive in 'normal' mode and works fine. When I change to headless mode it don't download the file. I already try the code I found alround internet, but didn't work.
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, executable_path=r'{}/chromedriver'.format(os.getcwd()))
self.driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)
self.driver.command_executor._commands["send_command"] = ("POST", '/session/$sessionId/chromium/send_command')
params = {'cmd': 'Page.setDownloadBehavior', 'params': {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': os.getcwd()}}
self.driver.execute("send_command", params)
Anyone have any idea about how solve this problem?
PS: I don't need to use Chomedrive necessarily. If it works in another drive it's fine for me.

First the solution
Minimum Prerequisites:
Selenium client version: Selenium v3.141.59
Chrome version: Chrome v77.0
ChromeDriver version: ChromeDriver v77.0
To download the file clicking on the element with text as Download Data within this website you can use the following solution:
Code Block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\chromedriver.exe', service_args=["--log-path=./Logs/DubiousDan.log"])
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
params = {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': r'C:\Users\Debanjan.B\Downloads'}
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Page.setDownloadBehavior', params)
driver.get("https://www.mockaroo.com/")
driver.execute_script("scroll(0, 250)");
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button#download"))).click()
print ("Download button clicked")
#driver.quit()
Console Output:
Headless Chrome Initialized
Download button clicked
File Downloading snapshot:
Details
Downloading files through Headless Chromium was one of the most sought functionality since Headless Chrome was introduced.
Since then there were different work-arounds published by different contributors and some of them are:
Downloading with chrome headless and selenium
Python equivalent of a given wget command
Now the, the good news is Chromium team have officially announced the arrival of the functionality Downloading file through Headless Chromium.
In the discussion Headless mode doesn't save file downloads #eseckler mentioned:
Downloads in headless work a little differently. There's the Page.setDownloadBehavior devtools command to set a download folder. We're working on a way to use DevTools network interception to stream the downloaded file via DevTools as well.
A detailed discussion can be found at Issue 696481: Headless mode doesn't save file downloads
Finally, #bugdroid revision seems to have nailed the issue for us.
[ChromeDriver] Added support for headless mode to download files
Previously, Chromedriver running in headless mode would not properly download files due to the fact it sparsely parses the preference file given to it. Engineers from the headless chrome team recommended using DevTools's "Page.setDownloadBehavior" to fix this. This changelist implements this fix. Downloaded files default to the current directory and can be set using download_dir when instantiating a chromedriver instance. Also added tests to ensure proper download functionality.
Here is the revision and commit
From ChromeDriver v77.0.3865.40 (2019-08-20) release notes:
Resolved issue 2454: Headless mode doesn't save file downloads [Pri-2]
Solution
Update ChromeDriver to latest ChromeDriver v77.0 level.
Update Chrome to Chrome Version 77.0 level. (as per ChromeDriver v76.0 release notes)
Note: Chrome v77.0 is yet to be GAed/pushed for release so till then you can download and install a development build and test either from:
Chrome Canary
Latest build from the Dev Channel
Outro
However Mac OSX users have a wait for their pie as On Chromedriver, headless chrome crashes after sending Page.setDownloadBehavior on MacOSX.

Chomedriver Version: 95.0.4638.54
Chrome Version 95.0.4638.69
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
options.add_argument('--disable-software-rasterizer')
options.add_argument("user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows Phone 10.0; Android 4.2.1; Microsoft; Lumia 640 XL LTE) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.135 Mobile Safari/537.36 Edge/12.10166")
options.add_argument("--disable-notifications")
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {
"download.default_directory": "C:\\link\\to\\folder",
"download.prompt_for_download": False,
"download.directory_upgrade": True,
"safebrowsing_for_trusted_sources_enabled": False,
"safebrowsing.enabled": False
}
)
What seemed to work was that I used "\\" instead of "/" for the address. The latter approach didn't throw any error, but didn't download any documents either. But, using double back slashes did the job.

For javascript use below code:
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');
let options = new chrome.Options();
options.addArguments('--headless --window-size=1500,1200');
options.setUserPreferences({ 'plugins.always_open_pdf_externally': true,
"profile.default_content_settings.popups": 0,
"download.default_directory": Download_File_Path });
driver = await new webdriver.Builder().setChromeOptions(options).forBrowser('chrome').build();
Then switch tabs as soon as you click the download button:
await driver.sleep(1000);
var Handle = await driver.getAllWindowHandles();
await driver.switchTo().window(Handle[1]);

import pathlib
from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
driver = Chrome()
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.setDownloadBehavior", {
"behavior": "allow",
"downloadPath": str(pathlib.Path.home().joinpath("Downloads"))
})

This C# works for me
Note the new headless option https://www.selenium.dev/blog/2023/headless-is-going-away/
private IWebDriver StartBrowserChromeHeadlessDriver()
{
var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.AddArgument("--headless=new");
chromeOptions.AddArgument("--window-size=1920,1080");
chromeOptions.AddUserProfilePreference("download.default_directory", downloadFolder);
var chromeDownload = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{ "behavior", "allow" },
{ "downloadPath", downloadFolder }
};
var driver = new ChromeDriver(driverFolder, chromeOptions, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeoutSecs));
driver.ExecuteCdpCommand("Browser.setDownloadBehavior", chromeDownload);
return driver;
}

I don't think you should be using the browser for downloading content, leave it to Chrome developers/testers.
I believe you should rather get href attribute of the element you want to download and obtain it using requests library
If your site requires authentication you could fetch cookies from the browser instance and pass them to requests.Session.

How do I get Selenium to open Chrome in headless mode on Windows? [duplicate]

I'm working on a python script to web-scrape and have gone down the path of using Chromedriver as one of the packages. I would like this to operate in the background without any pop-up windows. I'm using the option 'headless' on chromedriver and it seems to do the job in terms of not showing the browser window, however, I still see the .exe file running. See the screenshot of what I'm talking about. Screenshot
This is the code I am using to initiate ChromeDriver:
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches",["ignore-certificate-errors"])
options.add_argument('headless')
options.add_argument('window-size=0x0')
chrome_driver_path = "C:\Python27\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
Things I've tried to do is alter the window size in the options to 0x0 but I'm not sure that did anything as the .exe file still popped up.
Any ideas of how I can do this?
I am using Python 2.7 FYI

It should look like this:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # Last I checked this was necessary.
driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROMEDRIVER_PATH, chrome_options=options)
This works for me using Python 3.6, I'm sure it'll work for 2.7 too.
Update 2018-10-26: These days you can just do this:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROMEDRIVER_PATH, options=options)

Answer update of 13-October-2018
To initiate a google-chrome-headless browsing context using Selenium driven ChromeDriver now you can just set the --headless property to true through an instance of Options() class as follows:
Effective code block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
driver.quit()
Answer update of 23-April-2018
Invoking google-chrome in headless mode programmatically have become much easier with the availability of the method set_headless(headless=True) as follows :
Documentation :
set_headless(headless=True)
Sets the headless argument
Args:
headless: boolean value indicating to set the headless option
Sample Code :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.set_headless(headless=True)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
driver.quit()
Note : --disable-gpu argument is implemented internally.
Original Answer of Mar 30 '2018
While working with Selenium Client 3.11.x, ChromeDriver v2.38 and Google Chrome v65.0.3325.181 in Headless mode you have to consider the following points :
You need to add the argument --headless to invoke Chrome in headless mode.
For Windows OS systems you need to add the argument --disable-gpu
As per Headless: make --disable-gpu flag unnecessary --disable-gpu flag is not required on Linux Systems and MacOS.
As per SwiftShader fails an assert on Windows in headless mode --disable-gpu flag will become unnecessary on Windows Systems too.
Argument start-maximized is required for a maximized Viewport.
Here is the link to details about Viewport.
You may require to add the argument --no-sandbox to bypass the OS security model.
Effective windows code block :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless") # Runs Chrome in headless mode.
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') # Bypass OS security model
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # applicable to windows os only
options.add_argument('start-maximized') #
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized on Windows OS")
Effective linux code block :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless") # Runs Chrome in headless mode.
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') # # Bypass OS security model
options.add_argument('start-maximized')
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized on Linux OS")
Steps through YouTube Video
How to initialize Chrome Browser in Maximized Mode through Selenium
Outro
How to make firefox headless programmatically in Selenium with python?
tl; dr
Here is the link to the Sandbox story.

Update August 20, 2020 -- Now is simple!
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.headless = True
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(
executable_path=DRIVER_PATH, chrome_options=chrome_options)

UPDATED
It works fine in my case:
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROMEDRIVER_PATH, options=options)
Just changed in 2020. Works fine for me.

So after correcting my code to:
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches",["ignore-certificate-errors"])
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_driver_path = "C:\Python27\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
The .exe file still came up when running the script. Although this did get rid of some extra output telling me "Failed to launch GPU process".
What ended up working is running my Python script using a .bat file
So basically,
Save python script if a folder
Open text editor, and dump the following code (edit to your script of course)
c:\python27\python.exe c:\SampleFolder\ThisIsMyScript.py %*
Save the .txt file and change the extension to .bat
Double click this to run the file
So this just opened the script in Command Prompt and ChromeDriver seems to be operating within this window without popping out to the front of my screen and thus solving the problem.

The .exe would be running anyway. According to Google - "Run in headless mode, i.e., without a UI or display server dependencies."
Better prepend 2 dashes to command line arguments, i.e. options.add_argument('--headless')
In headless mode, it is also suggested to disable the GPU, i.e. options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')

Try using ChromeDriverManager
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.set_headless()
browser =webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(),chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.get('https://google.com')
# capture the screen
browser.get_screenshot_as_file("capture.png")

Solutions above don't work with websites with cloudflare protection, example: https://paxful.com/fr/buy-bitcoin.
Modify agent as follows:
options.add_argument("user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.125 Safari/537.36")
Fix found here:
What is the difference in accessing Cloudflare website using ChromeDriver/Chrome in normal/headless mode through Selenium Python

from chromedriver_py import binary_path
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--window-size=1280x1696')
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-data-dir=/tmp/user-data')
chrome_options.add_argument('--hide-scrollbars')
chrome_options.add_argument('--enable-logging')
chrome_options.add_argument('--log-level=0')
chrome_options.add_argument('--v=99')
chrome_options.add_argument('--single-process')
chrome_options.add_argument('--data-path=/tmp/data-path')
chrome_options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors')
chrome_options.add_argument('--homedir=/tmp')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disk-cache-dir=/tmp/cache-dir')
chrome_options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = binary_path,options=chrome_options)

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"D:\\Lib\\chrome_driver_latest\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--allow-running-insecure-content");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--window-size=1920x1080");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.setHeadless(true);
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);

chromeoptions=add_argument("--no-sandbox");
add_argument("--ignore-certificate-errors");
add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage'")
is not a supported browser
solution:
Open Browser ${event_url} ${BROWSER} options=add_argument("--no-sandbox"); add_argument("--ignore-certificate-errors"); add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage'")
don't forget to add spaces between ${BROWSER} options

There is an option to hide the chromeDriver.exe window in alpha and beta versions of Selenium 4.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService # Similar thing for firefox also!
from subprocess import CREATE_NO_WINDOW # This flag will only be available in windows
chrome_service = ChromeService('chromedriver', creationflags=CREATE_NO_WINDOW)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=chrome_service) # No longer console window opened, niether will chromedriver output
You can check it out from here. To pip install beta or alpha versions, you can do "pip install selenium==4.0.0.a7" or "pip install selenium==4.0.0.b4" (a7 means alpha-7 and b4 means beta-4 so for other versions you want, you can modify the command.) To import a specific version of a library in python you can look here.

Update August 2021:
The fastest way to do is probably:
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.set_headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
options.headless = True is deprecated.

I want to send whatsapp messages with selenium without opening a browser window [duplicate]

I'm working on a python script to web-scrape and have gone down the path of using Chromedriver as one of the packages. I would like this to operate in the background without any pop-up windows. I'm using the option 'headless' on chromedriver and it seems to do the job in terms of not showing the browser window, however, I still see the .exe file running. See the screenshot of what I'm talking about. Screenshot
This is the code I am using to initiate ChromeDriver:
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches",["ignore-certificate-errors"])
options.add_argument('headless')
options.add_argument('window-size=0x0')
chrome_driver_path = "C:\Python27\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
Things I've tried to do is alter the window size in the options to 0x0 but I'm not sure that did anything as the .exe file still popped up.
Any ideas of how I can do this?
I am using Python 2.7 FYI

It should look like this:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # Last I checked this was necessary.
driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROMEDRIVER_PATH, chrome_options=options)
This works for me using Python 3.6, I'm sure it'll work for 2.7 too.
Update 2018-10-26: These days you can just do this:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROMEDRIVER_PATH, options=options)

Answer update of 13-October-2018
To initiate a google-chrome-headless browsing context using Selenium driven ChromeDriver now you can just set the --headless property to true through an instance of Options() class as follows:
Effective code block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
driver.quit()
Answer update of 23-April-2018
Invoking google-chrome in headless mode programmatically have become much easier with the availability of the method set_headless(headless=True) as follows :
Documentation :
set_headless(headless=True)
Sets the headless argument
Args:
headless: boolean value indicating to set the headless option
Sample Code :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.set_headless(headless=True)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
driver.quit()
Note : --disable-gpu argument is implemented internally.
Original Answer of Mar 30 '2018
While working with Selenium Client 3.11.x, ChromeDriver v2.38 and Google Chrome v65.0.3325.181 in Headless mode you have to consider the following points :
You need to add the argument --headless to invoke Chrome in headless mode.
For Windows OS systems you need to add the argument --disable-gpu
As per Headless: make --disable-gpu flag unnecessary --disable-gpu flag is not required on Linux Systems and MacOS.
As per SwiftShader fails an assert on Windows in headless mode --disable-gpu flag will become unnecessary on Windows Systems too.
Argument start-maximized is required for a maximized Viewport.
Here is the link to details about Viewport.
You may require to add the argument --no-sandbox to bypass the OS security model.
Effective windows code block :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless") # Runs Chrome in headless mode.
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') # Bypass OS security model
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # applicable to windows os only
options.add_argument('start-maximized') #
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized on Windows OS")
Effective linux code block :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless") # Runs Chrome in headless mode.
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') # # Bypass OS security model
options.add_argument('start-maximized')
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver')
driver.get("http://google.com/")
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized on Linux OS")
Steps through YouTube Video
How to initialize Chrome Browser in Maximized Mode through Selenium
Outro
How to make firefox headless programmatically in Selenium with python?
tl; dr
Here is the link to the Sandbox story.

Update August 20, 2020 -- Now is simple!
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.headless = True
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(
executable_path=DRIVER_PATH, chrome_options=chrome_options)

UPDATED
It works fine in my case:
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROMEDRIVER_PATH, options=options)
Just changed in 2020. Works fine for me.

So after correcting my code to:
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches",["ignore-certificate-errors"])
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_driver_path = "C:\Python27\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
The .exe file still came up when running the script. Although this did get rid of some extra output telling me "Failed to launch GPU process".
What ended up working is running my Python script using a .bat file
So basically,
Save python script if a folder
Open text editor, and dump the following code (edit to your script of course)
c:\python27\python.exe c:\SampleFolder\ThisIsMyScript.py %*
Save the .txt file and change the extension to .bat
Double click this to run the file
So this just opened the script in Command Prompt and ChromeDriver seems to be operating within this window without popping out to the front of my screen and thus solving the problem.

The .exe would be running anyway. According to Google - "Run in headless mode, i.e., without a UI or display server dependencies."
Better prepend 2 dashes to command line arguments, i.e. options.add_argument('--headless')
In headless mode, it is also suggested to disable the GPU, i.e. options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')

Try using ChromeDriverManager
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.set_headless()
browser =webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(),chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.get('https://google.com')
# capture the screen
browser.get_screenshot_as_file("capture.png")

Solutions above don't work with websites with cloudflare protection, example: https://paxful.com/fr/buy-bitcoin.
Modify agent as follows:
options.add_argument("user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.125 Safari/537.36")
Fix found here:
What is the difference in accessing Cloudflare website using ChromeDriver/Chrome in normal/headless mode through Selenium Python

from chromedriver_py import binary_path
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--window-size=1280x1696')
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-data-dir=/tmp/user-data')
chrome_options.add_argument('--hide-scrollbars')
chrome_options.add_argument('--enable-logging')
chrome_options.add_argument('--log-level=0')
chrome_options.add_argument('--v=99')
chrome_options.add_argument('--single-process')
chrome_options.add_argument('--data-path=/tmp/data-path')
chrome_options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors')
chrome_options.add_argument('--homedir=/tmp')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disk-cache-dir=/tmp/cache-dir')
chrome_options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = binary_path,options=chrome_options)

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"D:\\Lib\\chrome_driver_latest\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--allow-running-insecure-content");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--window-size=1920x1080");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.setHeadless(true);
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);

chromeoptions=add_argument("--no-sandbox");
add_argument("--ignore-certificate-errors");
add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage'")
is not a supported browser
solution:
Open Browser ${event_url} ${BROWSER} options=add_argument("--no-sandbox"); add_argument("--ignore-certificate-errors"); add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage'")
don't forget to add spaces between ${BROWSER} options

There is an option to hide the chromeDriver.exe window in alpha and beta versions of Selenium 4.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService # Similar thing for firefox also!
from subprocess import CREATE_NO_WINDOW # This flag will only be available in windows
chrome_service = ChromeService('chromedriver', creationflags=CREATE_NO_WINDOW)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=chrome_service) # No longer console window opened, niether will chromedriver output
You can check it out from here. To pip install beta or alpha versions, you can do "pip install selenium==4.0.0.a7" or "pip install selenium==4.0.0.b4" (a7 means alpha-7 and b4 means beta-4 so for other versions you want, you can modify the command.) To import a specific version of a library in python you can look here.

Update August 2021:
The fastest way to do is probably:
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.set_headless = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
options.headless = True is deprecated.

Why does the result cannot create when I run webdriver chrome on headless option [duplicate]

I'm do me code in Cromedrive in 'normal' mode and works fine. When I change to headless mode it don't download the file. I already try the code I found alround internet, but didn't work.
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, executable_path=r'{}/chromedriver'.format(os.getcwd()))
self.driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)
self.driver.command_executor._commands["send_command"] = ("POST", '/session/$sessionId/chromium/send_command')
params = {'cmd': 'Page.setDownloadBehavior', 'params': {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': os.getcwd()}}
self.driver.execute("send_command", params)
Anyone have any idea about how solve this problem?
PS: I don't need to use Chomedrive necessarily. If it works in another drive it's fine for me.

First the solution
Minimum Prerequisites:
Selenium client version: Selenium v3.141.59
Chrome version: Chrome v77.0
ChromeDriver version: ChromeDriver v77.0
To download the file clicking on the element with text as Download Data within this website you can use the following solution:
Code Block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\chromedriver.exe', service_args=["--log-path=./Logs/DubiousDan.log"])
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
params = {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': r'C:\Users\Debanjan.B\Downloads'}
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Page.setDownloadBehavior', params)
driver.get("https://www.mockaroo.com/")
driver.execute_script("scroll(0, 250)");
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button#download"))).click()
print ("Download button clicked")
#driver.quit()
Console Output:
Headless Chrome Initialized
Download button clicked
File Downloading snapshot:
Details
Downloading files through Headless Chromium was one of the most sought functionality since Headless Chrome was introduced.
Since then there were different work-arounds published by different contributors and some of them are:
Downloading with chrome headless and selenium
Python equivalent of a given wget command
Now the, the good news is Chromium team have officially announced the arrival of the functionality Downloading file through Headless Chromium.
In the discussion Headless mode doesn't save file downloads #eseckler mentioned:
Downloads in headless work a little differently. There's the Page.setDownloadBehavior devtools command to set a download folder. We're working on a way to use DevTools network interception to stream the downloaded file via DevTools as well.
A detailed discussion can be found at Issue 696481: Headless mode doesn't save file downloads
Finally, #bugdroid revision seems to have nailed the issue for us.
[ChromeDriver] Added support for headless mode to download files
Previously, Chromedriver running in headless mode would not properly download files due to the fact it sparsely parses the preference file given to it. Engineers from the headless chrome team recommended using DevTools's "Page.setDownloadBehavior" to fix this. This changelist implements this fix. Downloaded files default to the current directory and can be set using download_dir when instantiating a chromedriver instance. Also added tests to ensure proper download functionality.
Here is the revision and commit
From ChromeDriver v77.0.3865.40 (2019-08-20) release notes:
Resolved issue 2454: Headless mode doesn't save file downloads [Pri-2]
Solution
Update ChromeDriver to latest ChromeDriver v77.0 level.
Update Chrome to Chrome Version 77.0 level. (as per ChromeDriver v76.0 release notes)
Note: Chrome v77.0 is yet to be GAed/pushed for release so till then you can download and install a development build and test either from:
Chrome Canary
Latest build from the Dev Channel
Outro
However Mac OSX users have a wait for their pie as On Chromedriver, headless chrome crashes after sending Page.setDownloadBehavior on MacOSX.

Chomedriver Version: 95.0.4638.54
Chrome Version 95.0.4638.69
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
options.add_argument('--disable-software-rasterizer')
options.add_argument("user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows Phone 10.0; Android 4.2.1; Microsoft; Lumia 640 XL LTE) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.135 Mobile Safari/537.36 Edge/12.10166")
options.add_argument("--disable-notifications")
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {
"download.default_directory": "C:\\link\\to\\folder",
"download.prompt_for_download": False,
"download.directory_upgrade": True,
"safebrowsing_for_trusted_sources_enabled": False,
"safebrowsing.enabled": False
}
)
What seemed to work was that I used "\\" instead of "/" for the address. The latter approach didn't throw any error, but didn't download any documents either. But, using double back slashes did the job.

For javascript use below code:
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');
let options = new chrome.Options();
options.addArguments('--headless --window-size=1500,1200');
options.setUserPreferences({ 'plugins.always_open_pdf_externally': true,
"profile.default_content_settings.popups": 0,
"download.default_directory": Download_File_Path });
driver = await new webdriver.Builder().setChromeOptions(options).forBrowser('chrome').build();
Then switch tabs as soon as you click the download button:
await driver.sleep(1000);
var Handle = await driver.getAllWindowHandles();
await driver.switchTo().window(Handle[1]);

This C# works for me
Note the new headless option https://www.selenium.dev/blog/2023/headless-is-going-away/
private IWebDriver StartBrowserChromeHeadlessDriver()
{
var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.AddArgument("--headless=new");
chromeOptions.AddArgument("--window-size=1920,1080");
chromeOptions.AddUserProfilePreference("download.default_directory", downloadFolder);
var chromeDownload = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{ "behavior", "allow" },
{ "downloadPath", downloadFolder }
};
var driver = new ChromeDriver(driverFolder, chromeOptions, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeoutSecs));
driver.ExecuteCdpCommand("Browser.setDownloadBehavior", chromeDownload);
return driver;
}

import pathlib
from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
driver = Chrome()
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.setDownloadBehavior", {
"behavior": "allow",
"downloadPath": str(pathlib.Path.home().joinpath("Downloads"))
})

I don't think you should be using the browser for downloading content, leave it to Chrome developers/testers.
I believe you should rather get href attribute of the element you want to download and obtain it using requests library
If your site requires authentication you could fetch cookies from the browser instance and pass them to requests.Session.

Downloading with chrome headless and selenium

I'm using python-selenium and Chrome 59 and trying to automate a simple download sequence. When I launch the browser normally, the download works, but when I do so in headless mode, the download doesn't work.
# Headless implementation
from selenium import webdriver
chromeOptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chromeOptions.add_argument("headless")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chromeOptions)
driver.get('https://www.mockaroo.com/')
driver.find_element_by_id('download').click()
# ^^^ Download doesn't start
# Normal Mode
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.mockaroo.com/')
driver.find_element_by_id('download').click()
# ^^^ Download works normally
I've even tried adding a default path:
prefs = {"download.default_directory" : "/Users/Chetan/Desktop/"}
chromeOptions.add_argument("headless")
chromeOptions.add_experimental_option("prefs",prefs)
Adding a default path works in the normal implementation, but the same problem persists in the headless version.
How do I get the download to start in headless mode?

Yes, it's a "feature", for security. As mentioned before here is the bug discussion: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=696481
Support was added in chrome version 62.0.3196.0 or above to enable downloading.
Here is a python implementation. I had to add the command to the chromedriver commands. I will try to submit a PR so it is included in the library in the future.
def enable_download_in_headless_chrome(self, driver, download_dir):
# add missing support for chrome "send_command" to selenium webdriver
driver.command_executor._commands["send_command"] = ("POST", '/session/$sessionId/chromium/send_command')
params = {'cmd': 'Page.setDownloadBehavior', 'params': {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': download_dir}}
command_result = driver.execute("send_command", params)
For reference here is a little repo to demonstrate how to use this:
https://github.com/shawnbutton/PythonHeadlessChrome
update 2020-05-01 There have been comments saying this is not working anymore. Given this patch is now over a year old it's quite possible they have changed the underlying library.

Here's a working example for Python based on Shawn Button's answer. I've tested this with Chromium 68.0.3440.75 & chromedriver 2.38
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {
"download.default_directory": "/path/to/download/dir",
"download.prompt_for_download": False,
})
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.command_executor._commands["send_command"] = ("POST", '/session/$sessionId/chromium/send_command')
params = {'cmd': 'Page.setDownloadBehavior', 'params': {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': "/path/to/download/dir"}}
command_result = driver.execute("send_command", params)
driver.get('http://download-page.url/')
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#download_link").click()

The Chromium developers recently added a 2nd headless mode (in 2021). See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=706008#c36
They later renamed the option in 2023 for Chrome 109 -> https://github.com/chromium/chromium/commit/e9c516118e2e1923757ecb13e6d9fff36775d1f4
For Chrome 109 and above, the --headless=new flag will now allow you to get the full functionality of Chrome in the new headless mode, and you can even run extensions in it. (For Chrome versions 96 through 108, use --headless=chrome)
Usage: (Chrome 109 and above):
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
Usage: (Chrome 96 through Chrome 108):
options.add_argument("--headless=chrome")
If something works in regular Chrome, it should now work with the newer headless mode too.

This is a feature of Chrome to prevent from software to download files to your computer. There is a workaround though. Read more about it here.
What you need to do is enable it via DevTools, Something like that:
async function setDownload () {
const client = await CDP({tab: 'ws://localhost:9222/devtools/browser'});
const info = await client.send('Browser.setDownloadBehavior', {behavior : "allow", downloadPath: "/tmp/"});
await client.close();
}
This is the solution some one gave in the mentioned topic. Here is his comment.

UPDATED PYTHON SOLUTION -
TESTED Mar 4, 2021 on chromedriver v88 and v89
This will allow you to click to download files in headless mode.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# Instantiate headless driver
chrome_options = Options()
# Windows path
chromedriver_location = 'C:\\path\\to\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe'
# Mac path. May have to allow chromedriver developer in os system prefs
'/Users/path/to/chromedriver'
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
chrome_prefs = {"download.default_directory": r"C:\path\to\Downloads"} # (windows)
chrome_options.experimental_options["prefs"] = chrome_prefs
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chromedriver_location,options=chrome_options)
# Download your file
driver.get('https://www.mockaroo.com/')
driver.find_element_by_id('download').click()

Maybe the website that you handle returns different HTML pages for browsers, means the XPath or Id that you want maybe differently in headless browser.
Try to download pageSource in headless browser and open it as HTML page to see the Id or XPath that you want.
You can see this as c# example How to hide FirefoxDriver (using Selenium) without findElement function error in PhantomDriver? .

Usually it's redundant seeing the same thing just written in another language, but because this issue drove me crazy, I hope I'm saving someone else from the pain... so here's the C# version of Shawn Button's answer (tested with headless chrome=71.0.3578.98, chromedriver=2.45.615279, platform=Linux 4.9.125-linuxkit x86_64)):
var enableDownloadCommandParameters = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{ "behavior", "allow" },
{ "downloadPath", downloadDirectoryPath }
};
var result = ((OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver)driver).ExecuteChromeCommandWithResult("Page.setDownloadBehavior", enableDownloadCommandParameters);

A full working example for JavaScript with selenium-cucumber-js / selenium-webdriver:
const chromedriver = require('chromedriver');
const selenium = require('selenium-webdriver');
const command = require('selenium-webdriver/lib/command');
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');
module.exports = function() {
const chromeOptions = new chrome.Options()
.addArguments('--no-sandbox', '--headless', '--start-maximized', '--ignore-certificate-errors')
.setUserPreferences({
'profile.default_content_settings.popups': 0, // disable download file dialog
'download.default_directory': '/tmp/downloads', // default file download location
"download.prompt_for_download": false,
'download.directory_upgrade': true,
'safebrowsing.enabled': false,
'plugins.always_open_pdf_externally': true,
'plugins.plugins_disabled': ["Chrome PDF Viewer"]
})
.windowSize({width: 1600, height: 1200});
const driver = new selenium.Builder()
.withCapabilities({
browserName: 'chrome',
javascriptEnabled: true,
acceptSslCerts: true,
path: chromedriver.path
})
.setChromeOptions(chromeOptions)
.build();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.getSession()
.then(session => {
const cmd = new command.Command("SEND_COMMAND")
.setParameter("cmd", "Page.setDownloadBehavior")
.setParameter("params", {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': '/tmp/downloads'});
driver.getExecutor().defineCommand("SEND_COMMAND", "POST", `/session/${session.getId()}/chromium/send_command`);
return driver.execute(cmd);
});
return driver;
};
The key part is:
driver.getSession()
.then(session => {
const cmd = new command.Command("SEND_COMMAND")
.setParameter("cmd", "Page.setDownloadBehavior")
.setParameter("params", {'behavior': 'allow', 'downloadPath': '/tmp/downloads'});
driver.getExecutor().defineCommand("SEND_COMMAND", "POST", `/session/${session.getId()}/chromium/send_command`);
return driver.execute(cmd);
});
Tested with:
Chrome 67.0.3396.99
Chromedriver 2.36.540469
selenium-cucumber-js 1.5.12
selenium-webdriver 3.0.0

Following is the equivalent in Java, selenium, chromedriver and chrome v 71.x. The code in is the key to allow saving of downloads
Additional jars: com.fasterxml.jackson.core, com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation, com.fasterxml.jackson.databind
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\libraries\chromedriver.exe");
String downloadFilepath = "C:\\Download";
HashMap<String, Object> chromePreferences = new HashMap<String, Object>();
chromePreferences.put("profile.default_content_settings.popups", 0);
chromePreferences.put("download.prompt_for_download", "false");
chromePreferences.put("download.default_directory", downloadFilepath);
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.setBinary("C:\\pathto\\Chrome SxS\\Application\\chrome.exe");
//ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
//chromeOptions.setExperimentalOption("prefs", chromePreferences);
chromeOptions.addArguments("start-maximized");
chromeOptions.addArguments("disable-infobars");
//HEADLESS CHROME
**chromeOptions.addArguments("headless");**
chromeOptions.setExperimentalOption("prefs", chromePreferences);
DesiredCapabilities cap = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS, true);
cap.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);
**ChromeDriverService driverService = ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService();
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverService, chromeOptions);
Map<String, Object> commandParams = new HashMap<>();
commandParams.put("cmd", "Page.setDownloadBehavior");
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("behavior", "allow");
params.put("downloadPath", downloadFilepath);
commandParams.put("params", params);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
String command = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(commandParams);
String u = driverService.getUrl().toString() + "/session/" + driver.getSessionId() + "/chromium/send_command";
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(u);
request.addHeader("content-type", "application/json");
request.setEntity(new StringEntity(command));**
try {
httpClient.execute(request);
} catch (IOException e2) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e2.printStackTrace();
}**
//Continue using the driver for automation
driver.manage().window().maximize();

I solved this problem by using the workaround shared by #Shawn Button and using the full path for the 'downloadPath' parameter. Using a relative path did not work and give me the error.
Versions:
Chrome Version 75.0.3770.100 (Official Build) (32-bit)
ChromeDriver 75.0.3770.90

Using: google-chrome-stable amd64 86.0.4240.111-1,chromedriver 86.0.4240.22, selenium 3.141.0 python 3.8.3
Tried multiple proposed solutions, and nothing really worked for chrome headless, also my testing website opens a new blank tab and then the data is downloaded.
Finally gave up on headless and implemented pyvirtualdisplay and xvfd to emulate X server, something like:
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options # and other imports
import selenium.webdriver as webdriver
import tempfile
url = "https://really_badly_programmed_website.org"
tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="hamster_")
driver_path="/usr/bin/chromedriver"
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.binary_location = "/usr/bin/google-chrome"
prefs = {'download.default_directory': tmp_dir,}
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
with Display(backend="xvfb",size=(1920,1080),color_depth=24) as disp:
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options, executable_path=driver_path)
driver.get(url)
At the end everything worked and had the dowload file on the tmp folder.

I finally got it to work by upgrading to Chromium 90! I previously had version 72-78, but I saw that it had been fixed recently: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=696481 so i decided to give it a shot.
So after upgrading, which took a while (home brew in MacOS is so slow...), I simply did, without setting options or anything (this is a JavaScript example):
await driver.findElement(By.className('download')).click();
And it worked! I saw the downloaded PDF in the same working folder that I had been trying to download for a long time...