Develop Reference

I'm trying to install django in virtual environment but getting some error and I don't understand what is it about

> pip install django
Collecting django
Downloading Django-4.1-py3-none-any.whl (8.1 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.1/8.1 MB 24.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting sqlparse>=0.2.2
Using cached sqlparse-0.4.2-py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)
Collecting asgiref<4,>=3.5.2
Using cached asgiref-3.5.2-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting backports.zoneinfo
Using cached backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.tar.gz (74 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: backports.zoneinfo
Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [41 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38
creating build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports
copying src/backports/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports
creating build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_version.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_common.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_zoneinfo.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_tzpath.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
running egg_info
writing src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
/private/var/folders/z_/gh45f3y971vg11kt0m32cl440000gn/T/pip-build-env-tklngwk1/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py:508: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: The license_file parameter is deprecated, use license_files instead.
warnings.warn(msg, warning_class)
warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'docs'
warning: no files found matching '*.svg' under directory 'docs'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_output'
adding license file 'LICENSE'
adding license file 'licenses/LICENSE_APACHE'
writing manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/py.typed -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo
running build_ext
building 'backports.zoneinfo._czoneinfo' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38
creating build/temp.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/lib
clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -iwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks/System.framework/PrivateHeaders -iwithsysroot/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers -arch arm64 -arch x86_64 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -I/Users/harshitdubey/Documents/greendeck/django_files/connect-django/.connect/include -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers -c lib/zoneinfo_module.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/lib/zoneinfo_module.o -std=c99
lib/zoneinfo_module.c:1:10: fatal error: 'Python.h' file not found
#include "Python.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for backports.zoneinfo
Failed to build backports.zoneinfo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for backports.zoneinfo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
My python version
Python 3.8.9
I've tried things like
python -m pip install django
pip install django==4.0.0
but stll can't find any solution.
I have two python versions in my macos I don't thing that's causing the error. Any help will be appreciated.
I have already updated my pip version which is 22.2.2

Try reinstalling your python versions. Before reinstalling completely remove it from control panel > uninstall and also remove from C drive then install again and then try

ERROR: Could not build wheels for backports.zoneinfo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

The Heroku Build is returning this error when I'm trying to deploy a Django application for the past few days. The Django Code and File Structure are the same as Django's Official Documentation and Procfile is added in the root folder.
Log -
-----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
-----> Determining which buildpack to use for this app
-----> Python app detected
-----> No Python version was specified. Using the buildpack default: python-3.10.4
To use a different version, see: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes
Building wheels for collected packages: backports.zoneinfo
Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (pyproject.toml): started
Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python /app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmpqqu_1qow
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-txfn1ua9/backports-zoneinfo_a462ef61051d49e7bf54e715f78a34f1
Complete output (41 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports
copying src/backports/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_zoneinfo.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_tzpath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_common.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
running egg_info
writing src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'docs'
warning: no files found matching '*.svg' under directory 'docs'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_output'
adding license file 'LICENSE'
adding license file 'licenses/LICENSE_APACHE'
writing manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.10/backports/zoneinfo
running build_ext
building 'backports.zoneinfo._czoneinfo' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.10
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.10/lib
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.10 -c lib/zoneinfo_module.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.10/lib/zoneinfo_module.o -std=c99
lib/zoneinfo_module.c: In function ‘zoneinfo_fromutc’:
lib/zoneinfo_module.c:600:19: error: ‘_PyLong_One’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘_PyLong_New’?
600 | one = _PyLong_One;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
| _PyLong_New
lib/zoneinfo_module.c:600:19: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for backports.zoneinfo
Failed to build backports.zoneinfo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for backports.zoneinfo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
! Push failed
Thanks.

Avoid installing backports.zoneinfo when using python >= 3.9
Edit your requirements.txt file
FROM:
backports.zoneinfo==0.2.1
TO:
backports.zoneinfo;python_version<"3.9"
OR:
backports.zoneinfo==0.2.1;python_version<"3.9"
You can read more about this here and here

I was having the same error while deploying my application on heroku and well the problem is actually that when you are deploying it on heroku so heroku by default uses python version 3.10.x and backports.zoneinfo is not working properly with this version so I suggest you to switch to version 3.8.x(stable).
In order to do that you need to tell heroku to switch that version and it can be done as follows :
Create runtime.txt in root directory.
python-3.8.10 <- write this in 'runtime.txt' there as to specify the version.
heroku will then install this version and you will be not getting anymore error.
PS : worked it for me and later when heroku removes this bug you can switch to python latest version.

I was facing the same error while creating my container. I solved the error by using the exact version of my Python venv i.e. 3.8.9
Earlier for the image, I was using 3.8-alpine for a lighter version of the image. But, it wasn't working out for me and got the same error as yours.

this type of problems occur when you forget to modify your requirements.txt file and heroku server uses default settings like it uses python updated version which is not stable.
use the following commands and you will be get rid of this type of problem.
$ git status
you need to modify requirements.txt
$ git add-A
$ git commit -m "Python VERSION-3.8.10"
then push your server and i am sure you will be get rid of this type of problem.
In order to push your server...
$ git push heroku master

Downgrading Python from 3.10.5 to 3.9.0 worked for me. I hope this helps.

I was facing the same error while deploying my Scrapy spider onto Heroku
but using python-3.9.15 in runtime.txt resolved the issue.
however, the python installed in my venv was 3.8.13
you can try one of these I don't know their actual meaning but these are recommended by Heroku you can read the full documentation here
Supported runtimes
python-3.10.8 on all supported stacks (recommended)
python-3.9.15 on all supported stacks
python-3.8.15 on Heroku-18 and Heroku-20 only
python-3.7.15 on Heroku-18 and Heroku-20 only

for MAC users:
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers
only this helped me. source is here

Install venv with python3.9 version helped for me.
python3.9 default version in my system
python3.9 -m venv venv

Tried & tested on Mac pro:
Check your python version on your terminal
python3 --version
OR
python --version
If the python version is 3.9 & above , then update the following (backports.zoneinfo) line in your "requirements.txt" file to :
backports.zoneinfo;python_version<"3.9"
Run -
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
test running your app again , should work at this stage.

Binance Api Python setup

I created a Bot to trade BTC with Binance and am currently trying to set my Raspberry Pi 3 B+ up. With every pip install python-binance I get
Using cached backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.tar.gz (74 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: backports.zoneinfo
Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (PEP 517) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/ubuntu/test/venv/bin/python3 /tmp/tmp6c7k6imv build_wheel /tmp/tmpuge_0m5b
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-cje139s6/backports.zoneinfo
Complete output (39 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports
copying src/backports/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports
creating build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_tzpath.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_common.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_zoneinfo.py -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
running egg_info
writing src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/requires.txt
writing top-level names to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'docs'
warning: no files found matching '*.svg' under directory 'docs'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_output'
adding license file 'LICENSE'
adding license file 'licenses/LICENSE_APACHE'
writing manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
copying src/backports/zoneinfo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-aarch64-3.8/backports/zoneinfo
running build_ext
building 'backports.zoneinfo._czoneinfo' extension
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.8
creating build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.8/lib
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/home/ubuntu/test/venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c lib/zoneinfo_module.c -o build/temp.linux-aarch64-3.8/lib/zoneinfo_module.o -std=c99
lib/zoneinfo_module.c:1:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
1 | #include "Python.h"
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for backports.zoneinfo
Failed to build backports.zoneinfo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for backports.zoneinfo which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
I tried to update pip, wheel, setuptools to the newest version, ran the same command on my desktop computer, where it worked without problem.
The systeminformation for my Raspberry Pi are:
OS: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Python: 3.8.10
pip: 20.0.2
wheel: 0.37.0
setuptools: 58.0.4

I ran sudo apt install python3-dev and it worked!

I faced the same issue on my Raspberry Pi. Use pip3 install python-binance instead of pip install python-binance

I Faced this problem in past and had post about it but this is direct solution.
Details
The issue is mostly related to retrieving data from OS About Current Time With IANA And backports.zoneinfo is pre-builted for Windows And We Have to Build The Package For Linux Or MacOS With Ruby Compiler Or Any Other Language Specified By Error Also.
First Solution
Upgrade the pip with wheel and Try Again Installing.
pip install --upgrade pip wheel
pip install backports.zoneinfo
Second Solution
Try Installing the Alternative Package Named tzdata. ( Worked for My fastapi project. )
The Package Supports Python 3 But It's Readme Is Not Updated About the Python 2 Support By Dev IDK Why 🤔.
pip install tzdata
Third Solution
Install Ruby Compiler From Your System Package Manager and Run The pip code again.
Given Below is for Ubuntu.
sudo apt-get install ruby-full
pip install backports.zoneinfo

How does one install pygraphviz on a HPC cluster without errors even when graphviz seems to be installed?

I was trying to pip and conda install pygraphviz. I believe grahviz is installed since
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~/ML4Coq $ conda install -y graphviz
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
# All requested packages already installed.
but when I try installing pygraphviz with pip I get the following:
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~/ML4Coq $ pip install pygraphviz
Collecting pygraphviz
Using cached pygraphviz-1.7.zip (118 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: pygraphviz
Building wheel for pygraphviz (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-b61bb2uf
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/
Complete output (55 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/scraper.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/testing.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/graphviz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/agraph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_attribute_defaults.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_subgraph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_readwrite.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_unicode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_drawing.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_string.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_close.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_scraper.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_edge_attributes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_graph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_html.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_clear.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_node_attributes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_layout.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
running egg_info
writing pygraphviz.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to pygraphviz.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to pygraphviz.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'pygraphviz.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'doc'
warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'doc'
warning: no files found matching '*.css' under directory 'doc'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*~' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.svn' found anywhere in distribution
no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/build'
writing manifest file 'pygraphviz.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying pygraphviz/graphviz.i -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
running build_ext
building 'pygraphviz._graphviz' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
gcc -pthread -B /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/include/python3.8 -c pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.o
In file included from /usr/include/graphviz/gvc.h:17:0,
from pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c:2712:
/usr/include/graphviz/types.h:49:20: fatal error: cgraph.h: No such file or directory
#include <cgraph.h>
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pygraphviz
Running setup.py clean for pygraphviz
Failed to build pygraphviz
Installing collected packages: pygraphviz
Running setup.py install for pygraphviz ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-mu112lx1/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/include/python3.8/pygraphviz
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/
Complete output (55 lines):
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/scraper.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/testing.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/graphviz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/agraph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_attribute_defaults.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_subgraph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_readwrite.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_unicode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_drawing.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_string.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_close.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_scraper.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_edge_attributes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_graph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_html.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_clear.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_node_attributes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
copying pygraphviz/tests/test_layout.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/tests
running egg_info
writing pygraphviz.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to pygraphviz.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to pygraphviz.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'pygraphviz.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'doc'
warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'doc'
warning: no files found matching '*.css' under directory 'doc'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*~' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '.svn' found anywhere in distribution
no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/build'
writing manifest file 'pygraphviz.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying pygraphviz/graphviz.i -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
copying pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
running build_ext
building 'pygraphviz._graphviz' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz
gcc -pthread -B /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/include/python3.8 -c pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.o
In file included from /usr/include/graphviz/gvc.h:17:0,
from pygraphviz/graphviz_wrap.c:2712:
/usr/include/graphviz/types.h:49:20: fatal error: cgraph.h: No such file or directory
#include <cgraph.h>
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-rc_2rzek/pygraphviz_904720f7fa8b49f4a7006870a0d5e479/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-mu112lx1/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2/include/python3.8/pygraphviz Check the logs for full command output.
with conda:
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~/ML4Coq $ conda install -y -c anaconda pygraphviz
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: /
Found conflicts! Looking for incompatible packages. failed
UnsatisfiableError: The following specifications were found
to be incompatible with the existing python installation in your environment:
Specifications:
- pygraphviz -> python[version='>=2.7,<2.8.0a0|>=3.6,<3.7.0a0|>=3.7,<3.8.0a0|>=3.5,<3.6.0a0']
Your python: python=3.8
If python is on the left-most side of the chain, that's the version you've asked for.
When python appears to the right, that indicates that the thing on the left is somehow
not available for the python version you are constrained to. Note that conda will not
change your python version to a different minor version unless you explicitly specify
that.
what are the sources of my errors? [note I am on a linux machine, not mac os, my mac phygraphviz works fine]
I saw the following related questions:
Pip install pygraphviz fails: Failed building wheel for pygraphviz
Couldn't install pygraphviz
https://github.com/pygraphviz/pygraphviz/issues/347
https://github.com/pygraphviz/pygraphviz/issues/358
but they didn't help because I cannot run apt-get
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~/ML4Coq $ apt-get install python-dev graphviz libgraphviz-dev pkg-config
-bash: apt-get: command not found
Edit:
note I also did try to install grapviz with pip but that didn't solve my problems:
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~/ML4Coq $ pip install graphviz
Collecting graphviz
Downloading graphviz-0.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Installing collected packages: graphviz
Successfully installed graphviz-0.16
Edit 2:
I found out that graphviz is there but why can't it find it?
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~ $ rpm -qa |grep graphviz
graphviz-gd-2.30.1-21.el7.x86_64
graphviz-2.30.1-21.el7.x86_64
graphviz-devel-2.30.1-21.el7.x86_64
Edit 3:
I'd also like this to work with pip install -e . e.g. see installation of ultimate utils (https://github.com/brando90/ultimate-utils):
Due to a depedency on pygraphviz you will likely need to install graphviz first. Next, install graphviz. On mac, brew install graphviz. On Ubuntu, sudo apt install graphviz. After graphviz is install, install uutils in edibable mode and all it's depedencies with pip:
pip install -e ~/ultimate-utils/ultimate-utils-proj-src
as a gitissue: https://github.com/brando90/ultimate-utils/issues/6

Well, it seems that using conda-forge worked!
(metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2) miranda9~ $ conda install -y -c conda-forge pygraphviz
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/miranda9/miniconda3/envs/metalearningpy1.7.1c10.2
added / updated specs:
- pygraphviz
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
libgcc-ng-9.3.0 | h2828fa1_19 7.8 MB conda-forge
libgomp-9.3.0 | h2828fa1_19 376 KB conda-forge
pygraphviz-1.7 | py38h0d738da_0 125 KB conda-forge
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 8.3 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
_openmp_mutex conda-forge/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-4.5-1_gnu
libgomp conda-forge/linux-64::libgomp-9.3.0-h2828fa1_19
pygraphviz conda-forge/linux-64::pygraphviz-1.7-py38h0d738da_0
The following packages will be UPDATED:
certifi pkgs/main::certifi-2020.12.5-py38h06a~ --> conda-forge::certifi-2020.12.5-py38h578d9bd_1
libgcc-ng pkgs/main::libgcc-ng-9.1.0-hdf63c60_0 --> conda-forge::libgcc-ng-9.3.0-h2828fa1_19
The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:
_libgcc_mutex pkgs/main::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main --> conda-forge::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-conda_forge
ca-certificates pkgs/main::ca-certificates-2021.4.13-~ --> conda-forge::ca-certificates-2020.12.5-ha878542_0
openssl pkgs/main::openssl-1.1.1k-h27cfd23_0 --> conda-forge::openssl-1.1.1k-h7f98852_0
Downloading and Extracting Packages
libgcc-ng-9.3.0 | 7.8 MB | ##################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################### | 100%
pygraphviz-1.7 | 125 KB | ##################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################### | 100%
libgomp-9.3.0 | 376 KB | ##################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################### | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Note:
However, notice that pygraphviz doesn't recommend using conda to install their pkg for some reason
We recommend avoiding Anaconda and conda-forge to install Graphviz and PyGraphviz.
however since pip keeps failing for me - despite graphviz being installed in the cluster - see the output of rpm:
[rundblom#vision-12 ~]$ rpm -qa |grep graphviz
graphviz-devel-2.30.1-21.el7.x86_64
graphviz-2.30.1-21.el7.x86_64
graphviz-gd-2.30.1-21.el7.x86_64
so idk what is wrong with using pip. I would have preferred to load a module in the usual HPC way but that isn't an option for me right now...

I was able to compile it on CentOS with graphviz-devel installed. Originally I got the same error as above, the missing cgraph.h, but by providing a header lookup path to the compiler I could make it build:
CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/include/graphviz" pip install pygraphviz
When I tried to use the package though I had symbol lookup errors. So in the end I gave up and went with conda.

How to pip install cairocffi?

How do I install cairocffi through pip?
cairocffi is a CFFI-based drop-in replacement for Pycairo https://github.com/SimonSapin/cairocffi.
I'm trying to install it on Ubuntu 14.04:
alvas#ubi:~$ cat /etc/*-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="14.04.2 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="14.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
I've tried installing with the standard pip command but I get this:
$ sudo pip install cairocffi
The directory '/home/alvas/.cache/pip/log' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the debug log has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/alvas/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/alvas/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting cairocffi
Downloading cairocffi-0.6.tar.gz (75kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 77kB 34kB/s
Collecting cffi>=0.6 (from cairocffi)
Downloading cffi-0.9.2.tar.gz (209kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 212kB 97kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pycparser in /usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages (from cffi>=0.6->cairocffi)
Installing collected packages: cffi, cairocffi
Running setup.py install for cffi
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-d3kjzf__/cffi/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ll323a3c-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/gc_weakref.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
running build_ext
building '_cffi_backend' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/c
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/c/_cffi_backend.o
c/_cffi_backend.c:13:17: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
#include <ffi.h>
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-d3kjzf__/cffi/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ll323a3c-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-d3kjzf__/cffi
I've manually checked the permission and I realized that there's no write access permission. Why is that so? And why isn't sudo working to overwrite the permission?
$ ls -la .cache/pip/log/
total 60
drwxrwxr-x 2 alvas alvas 4096 Feb 3 10:51 .
drwx------ 4 alvas alvas 4096 Apr 12 23:16 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 alvas alvas 49961 Apr 12 23:18 debug.log
When I tried sudo -H pip install cairoffi, I got:
sudo -H pip install cairocffi
Collecting cairocffi
Using cached cairocffi-0.6.tar.gz
Collecting cffi>=0.6 (from cairocffi)
Downloading cffi-0.9.2.tar.gz (209kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 212kB 29kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pycparser in /usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages (from cffi>=0.6->cairocffi)
Installing collected packages: cffi, cairocffi
Running setup.py install for cffi
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-2sv6pbsp/cffi/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-xk4kkjrj-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/gc_weakref.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/cffi
running build_ext
building '_cffi_backend' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/c
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/c/_cffi_backend.o
c/_cffi_backend.c:13:17: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
#include <ffi.h>
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-2sv6pbsp/cffi/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-xk4kkjrj-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-2sv6pbsp/cffi
As #MattDMo suggested, i've tried apt-get install libffi but it still didn't work out:
alvas#ubi:~$ sudo apt-get install libffi libffi-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libffi
But there isn't any libffi on the package manager, so i've tried libffi-dev:
alvas#ubi:~$ sudo apt-get install libffi-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libffi-dev
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 99.8 kB of archives.
After this operation, 323 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libffi-dev amd64 3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12 [99.8 kB]
Fetched 99.8 kB in 1s (76.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libffi-dev:amd64.
(Reading database ... 492855 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libffi-dev_3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libffi-dev:amd64 (3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.5) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Processing triggers for install-info (5.2.0.dfsg.1-2) ...
Setting up libffi-dev:amd64 (3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12) ...
It installs libffi-dev successfully but cairoffi is still not installing:
alvas#ubi:~$ sudo -H pip install cairoffi
Collecting cairoffi
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cairoffi (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for cairoffi
alvas#ubi:~$ sudo -H pip3 install cairoffi
Collecting cairoffi
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement cairoffi (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for cairoffi

It's right in the error message:
No package 'libffi' found
You'll need to install libffi and libffi-dev through your distro's package manager (yum, apt-get, whatever) before the pip installation will work. Their names may very slightly from platform to platform.

Couldn't get it to work, even with libffi6 libffi-dev installed. Finally got it working with:
pip3 install -U pip
pip3 install -U setuptools
pip3 install --no-cache-dir cairocffi
--no-cache-dir was the trick, thanks to: https://github.com/Kozea/cairocffi/issues/125#issuecomment-476295293

For me, on Windows 10 using python 3.5.3rc1, pip install cairocffi was failing. Doing pip install cffi was sufficient to let it succeed.