I'd like to mark an email as read from my python code. I'm using
from exchangelib import Credentials, Account
my_account = Account(...)
credentials = Credentials(...)
to get access to the account. This part works great. I then get into my desired folder using this
var1 = my_account.root / 'branch1' / 'desiredFolder'
Again, this works great. This is where marking it as read seems to not work.
item = var1.filter(is_read=False).values('body')
for i, body in enumerate(item):
#Code doing stuff
var1.filter(is_read=False)[i].is_read = True
var1.filter(is_read=False)[i].save(updated_fields=['is_read'])
I've tried the tips and answers from this post Mark email as read with exchangelib, but the emails still show as unread. What am I doing wrong?
I think you the last line of code that you save() do not work as you think that after you set is_read of unread[i] element to True, this unread[i] of course not appear in var1.filter(is_read=False)[i] again, so you acttually did not save this.
I think this will work.
for msg in my_account.inbox.filter(is_read=False):
msg.is_read = True
msg.save(updated_fields=['is_read'])
To expand on #thangnd's answer, the reason your code doesn't work is that you are calling .save() on a different Python object than the object you are setting the is_read flag on. Every time you call var1.filter(is_read=False)[i], a new query is sent to the server, and a new Python object is created.
Additionally, since you didn't specify a sort order (and new emails may be incoming while the code is running), you may not even be hitting the same email each time you call var1.filter(is_read=False)[i].
Related
Is there a way to check if the user is blocked like an is_blocked method? The way I have it set up right now is to get a list of my blocked users and comparing the author of a Tweet to the list, but it's highly inefficient, as it constantly runs into the rate limit.
Relevent Code:
blocked_screen_names = [b.screen_name for b in tweepy.Cursor(api.blocks).items()]
for count, tweet in enumerate(tweepy.Cursor(api.search, q = query, lang = 'en', result_type = 'recent', tweet_mode = 'extended').items(500)):
if tweet.user.screen_name in blocked_screen_names:
continue
No, you'll have to do that the way you're currently doing it.
(Also, just a side note, you're better off checking your blocked users via their account ID rather than their screen name, because this value will not change, whereas a user's screen name can)
For future reference, just check the Twitter API documentation, where you can get the answer for something like this straight away :) save yourself the waiting for someone to answer it for you here!
You'll notice that both the documentation for V1 and V2 do not contain an attribute as you have described:
V1 User Object:
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/data-dictionary/object-model/tweet
V2 User Object:
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/data-dictionary/object-model/user
I am currently trying to find a way to check whether or not the name servers can respond to either TCP or UDP packets.
My idea behind that was, to get all the name servers from a website (for example google.com), store them in a list, and then try to send TCP and UDP messages to all of them.
Although I am getting the name servers, my interpreter shows a problem when I am trying to make a query on udp(check udpPacket on the code) saying:
"TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NS found"
I am new in Python(coming from C and C++) and I am guessing this is just incompatible types.
I checked dnspython's documentation and could not find what kind of type NS is (probably it's a type by itself) and why it cannot be passed as an argument.
What do you think the problem is? Is there maybe a better way to solve that kind of problem?
def getNSResults(url):
#create an empty list where we can store all the nameservers we found
nameServers = []
nameServers = dns.resolver.query(url,dns.rdatatype.NS, raise_on_no_answer=False)
#create a dictionary where based on all the nameservers.
#1st label refers to the ns name of our url that we inserted.
#2nd label shows wether or not we received a UDP response or not.
#3rd label shows wether or not we received a TCP response or not.
results = {}
for nameServer in nameServers:
#make a dns ns query, acts as a dumb message since whatever we send we just care of what we get back
query = dns.message.make_query(dns.name.from_text(url), dns.rdatatype.ANY)
query.flags |= dns.flags.AD
query.find_rrset(query.additional, dns.name.root, 65535, dns.rdatatype.OPT, create=True, force_unique=True)
#try sending a udp packet to see if it's listening on UDP
udpPacket = dns.query.udp(query,nameServer)
#try sending a tcp packet to see if it's listening on TCP
tcpPacket = dns.query.tcp(None,nameServer)
#add the results in a dictionary and return it, to be checked later by the user.
results.update({"nsName" == nameServer, "receivedUDPPacket" == isNotNone(udpPacket),"receivedTCPPacket" == isNotNone(tcpPacket)})
Thanks in advance!
Looking at your code, I see some DNS problems, some Python problems, and some dnspython problems. Let's see if we can't learn something together.
DNS
First, the parameter to your function getNSResults is called url. When you send DNS queries, you query for a domain name. A URL is something totally different (e.g. https://example.com/index.html). I would rename url to something like domain_name, domain, or name. For more on the difference between URLs and domain names, see https://www.copahost.com/blog/domain-vs-url/.
Second, let's talk about what you're trying to do.
i am currently trying to find a way to check wether or not the name servers can respond to either tcp or udp packets.
My idea behind that was, to get all the name servers from a website (for example google.com), store them in a list, and then, try to send tcp and udp messages to all of them.
That sounds like a great approach. I think you might be missing a few details here. so let me explain the steps you can take to do this:
Do an NS query for a domain name. You already have this step in your code. What you'll actually get from that query is just another domain name (or multiple domain names). For example, if you run dig +short NS google.com, you'll get this output:
ns3.google.com.
ns1.google.com.
ns4.google.com.
ns2.google.com.
At this step, we have a list of one or more names of authoritative servers. Now we need an IP address to use to send them queries. So we'll do a type A query for each of the names we got from step 1.
Now we have a list of IP addresses. We can send a DNS query over UDP and one over TCP to see if they're supported.
Python
For the most part, your Python syntax is okay.
The biggest red flag I see is the following code:
results.update({"nsName" == nameServer,
"receivedUDPPacket" == isNotNone(udpPacket),
"receivedTCPPacket" == isNotNone(tcpPacket)})
Let's break this down a bit.
First, you have results, which is a dict.
Then you have this:
{"nsName" == nameServer,
"receivedUDPPacket" == isNotNone(udpPacket),
"receivedTCPPacket" == isNotNone(tcpPacket)}
which is a set of bools.
What I think you meant to do was something like this:
results.update({
"nsName": nameServer,
"receivedUDPPacket": true,
"receivedTCPPacket": true
})
Function and variables names in Python are usually written in lowercase, with words separated by underscores (e.g. my_variable, def my_function()). Class names are usually upper camel case (e.g. class MyClass).
None of this is required, you can name your stuff however you want, plenty of super popular libraries and builtins break this convention, just figured I'd throw it out there because it can be helpful when reading Python code.
dnspython
When you're not sure about the types of things, or what attributes things have, remember these four friends, all builtin to Python:
1. pdb
2. dir
3. type
4. print
pdb is a Python debugger. Just import pdb, and the put pdb.set_trace() where you want to break. Your code will stop there, and then you can check out the values of all the variables.
dir will return the attributes and methods of whatever you pass to it. Example: print(dir(udpPacket)).
type will return the type of an object.
print as you probably already know, will print out stuff so you can see it.
I'm going to leave this part for you to test out.
Run dir() on everything if you don't know what it is.
I also should probably mention help(), which is super useful for built-in stuff.
The summary for this section is that sometimes documentation isn't all there, or hard to find, especially when you're new to a language/library/whatever.
So you have to figure stuff out on your own, and that means using all the tools I've just mentioned, looking at the source code, things like that.
Summary
I hope this was helpful. I know it's a lot, it's probably too much, but just be patient and know that DNS and Python are some very useful and fun things to learn about.
I went ahead and wrote something up that is a start at what I think you're hoping to achieve.
I recommend walking through the whole thing and making sure you understand what's going on.
If you don't understand something, remember pdb and dir (and there's always Google, SO, etc).
import dns.resolver
import dns.message
import dns.rdatatype
import json
import sys
def check_tcp_and_udp_support(name):
# this will give me the first default system resolver from /etc/resolv.conf
# (or Windows registry)
where = dns.resolver.Resolver().nameservers[0]
q = dns.message.make_query(name, dns.rdatatype.NS)
ns_response = dns.query.udp(q, where)
ns_names = [t.target.to_text() for ans in ns_response.answer for t in ans]
# this code is the same as the one-liner above
# ns_names = []
# for ans in ns_response.answer:
# for t in ans:
# ns_names.append(t.target.to_text())
results = {}
for ns_name in ns_names:
# do type A lookup for nameserver
q = dns.message.make_query(ns_name, dns.rdatatype.A)
response = dns.query.udp(q, where)
nameserver_ips = [item.address for ans in response.answer for item in ans.items if ans.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.A]
# now send queries to the nameserver IPs
for nameserver_ip in nameserver_ips:
q = dns.message.make_query('example.com.', dns.rdatatype.A)
try:
udp_response = dns.query.udp(q, nameserver_ip)
supports_udp = True
except dns.exception.Timeout:
supports_udp = False
try:
tcp_response = dns.query.tcp(q, nameserver_ip)
supports_tcp = True
except dns.exception.Timeout:
supports_tcp = True
results[nameserver_ip] = {
'supports_udp': supports_udp,
'supports_tcp': supports_tcp
}
return results
def main():
results = check_tcp_and_udp_support('google.com')
# this is just fancy JSON printing
# you could do print(results) instead
json.dump(results, sys.stdout, indent=4)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Again, I hope this is helpful. It's hard when I don't know exactly what's going on in your head, but this is what I've got for you.
I am trying to learn how to use the new WebHooks service on IFTTT, and I'm struggling to figure out how it is supposed to work. Most of the projects I can find online seem to refer to a deprecated "maker" service, and there are very little resources for interpreting the new channel.
Let's say I want to check the value of "online" every ten minutes in the following json file: https://lichess.org/api/users/status?ids=thibault
I can write a Python script that extracts this value like so:
response = urlopen('https://lichess.org/api/users/status?ids=thibault')
thibault = response.read()
data = json.loads(thibault)
status = data[0]['online']
If the status is equal to "true", I would like to receive a notification via email or text message. How do I integrate the python script and the webhooks service? Or do I even need to use this script at all? I assume I need some kind of cron job that regularly runs this Python script, but how do I connect this job with IFTTT?
When I create a new applet on IFTTT I am given the ability to create a trigger with a random event name, but it's unclear what that event name corresponds to.
I have a similar setup for my IFTTT webhook service. To the best of my understanding, the answer to your question is yes, you need this script (or similar) to scrap the online value, and you'll probably want to do a cron job (my approach) or keep the script running (wouldn't be my preference).
IFTTT's webhooks a json of up to 3 values, which you can POST to a given event and key name.
Below is a very simple excerpt of my webhook API:
def push_notification(*values, **kwargs):
# config is in json format
config = get_config()
report = {}
IFTTT = {}
# set default event/key if kwargs are not present
for i in ['event', 'key']:
IFTTT[i] = kwargs[i] if kwargs and i in kwargs.keys() else config['IFTTT'][i]
# unpack values received (up to 3 is accepted by IFTTT)
for i, value in enumerate(values, 1):
report[f"value{i}"] = value
if report:
res = requests.post(f"https://maker.ifttt.com/trigger/{IFTTT['event']}/with/key/{IFTTT['key']}", data=report)
# TODO: add try/except for status
res.raise_for_status()
return res
else:
return None
You probably don't need all these, but my goal was to set up a versatile solution. At the end of the day, all you really need is this line here:
requests.post(f"https://maker.ifttt.com/trigger/{event}/with/key/{key}", data={my_json_up_to_3_values})
Where you will be placing your webhook event name and secret key value. I stored them in a config file. The secret key will be available once you sign up on IFTTT for the webhook service (go to your IFTTT webhook applet setting). You can find your key with a quick help link like this: https://maker.ifttt.com/use/{your_secret_key}. The event can be a default value you set on your applet, or user can choose their event name if you allow.
In your case, you could do something like:
if status:
push_notification("Status is True", "From id thibault", event="PushStatus", key="MysEcR5tK3y")
Note: I used f-strings with version 3.6+ (It's great!), but if you have a lower version, you should switch all the f-strings to str.format().
I know voodoo magic probably isn't the cause of this - but it sure seems like it!
I have the following code snippets, making use of the imgur API. The imgur object is the client which the imgur API uses and contains an attribute credits which displays the number of access credits the user has on the website.
imgur = imgurpython.ImgurClient(client_id, client_secret)
Calling:
imgur.credits
Returns the credits as normal, i.e.:
{'ClientLimit': 12500, 'UserReset': 1503185179, 'UserLimit': 500, 'UserRemaining': 0, 'ClientRemaining': 12000}
However when I attempt to call the dictionary in a later function:
def check_credits(imgur):
'''
Receives a client - and if there is not much credits left,
wait until the credit refills - i.e. pause the program
'''
credits = imgur.credits
credits_remaining = credits['UserRemaining']
reset_time = credits['UserReset']
if credits_remaining < 10:
print('not enough credits, remaining: %i' % credits_remaining)
now = int(dt.utcnow().timestamp())
wait_time = reset_time - now
print('waiting for: %i' % wait_time)
time.sleep(wait_time)
Sometimes the values in the dictionaries seem to turn into None instead of the integers they are supposed to be. In this case both reset_time and credits_remaining sometimes turn out to be None. In order to allow my code to run I'm having to add try-catches all over the code and it's getting quite frustrating. By the way, this function is called whenever the error ImgurClientRateLimitError, which is when imgur.credits['UserRemaining'] == 0. I'm wondering if anyone know why this may have been the case.
Upon looking at the source code for the client it seems that this is updated automatically upon each request. The updated values are obtained from the response headers after a call to ImgurClient.make_request. The header values are obtained from dict.get which can return None if the key does not exist in the headers dictionary. The code for reference is here: https://github.com/Imgur/imgurpython/blob/master/imgurpython/client.py#L143
I am not sure if these headers are still used on errors like 404 or 403 but I would investigate further from there. It seems though that because of this behavior you would need to either cache previous values or manually call the ImgurClient.get_credits method in these cases to get the real values. Whichever fix you go with is up to you.
I have written a few Python tools in the past to extract data from my Outlook contacts. Now, I am trying to modify my Outlook Contacts. I am finding that my changes are being noted by Outlook, but they aren't sticking. I seem to be updating some cache, but not the real record.
The code is straightforward.
import win32com.client
import pywintypes
o = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application")
ns = o.GetNamespace("MAPI")
profile = ns.Folders.Item("My Profile Name")
contacts = profile.Folders.Item("Contacts")
contact = contacts.Items[43] # Grab a random contact, for this example.
print "About to overwrite ",contact.FirstName, contact.LastName
contact.categories = 'Supplier' # Override the categories
# Edit: I don't always do these last steps.
ns = None
o = None
At this point, I change over to Outlook, which is opened to the Detailed Address Cards view.
I look at the contact summary (without opening it) and the category is unchanged (not refreshed?).
I open the contact and its category HAS changed, sometimes. (Not sure of when, but it feels like it is cache related.) If it has changed, it prompts me to Save Changes when I close it which is odd, because I haven't changed anything in the Outlook UI.
If I quit and restart Outlook, the changes are gone.
I suspect I am failing to call SaveChanges, but I can't see which object supports it.
So my question is:
Should I be calling SaveChanges? If so, where is it?
Am I making some other silly mistake, which is causing my data to be discarded?
I believe there is a .Save() method on the contact, so you need to add:
contact.Save()